Tarikh (al-Tabari) 884
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
[ كِتَابُهُ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَمُوَادَعَةُ يَهُودَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابًا بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَادَعَ فِيهِ يَهُودَ وَعَاهَدَهُمْ، وَأَقَرَّهُمْ عَلَى دِينِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَشَرَطَ لَهُمْ، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَيَثْرِبَ، وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمْ، فَلَحِقَ بِهِمْ، وَجَاهَدَ مَعَهُمْ، إنَّهُمْ أُمَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْ دُونِ النَّاسِ، الْمُهَاجِرُونَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَهُمْ يَفْدُونَ عَانِيَهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَبَنُو عَوْفٍ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، كُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَبَنُو سَاعِدَةَ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَبَنُو الْحَارِثِ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَبَنُو جُشَمٍ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلِهِمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَبَنُو النَّجَّارِ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَبَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَبَنُو النَّبِيتِ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَبَنُو الْأَوْسِ عَلَى رِبْعَتِهِمْ يَتَعَاقَلُونَ مَعَاقِلَهُمْ الْأُولَى، وَكُلُّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ تَفْدِي عَانِيَهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْقِسْطِ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا يَتْرُكُونَ مُفْرَحًا بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فِي فِدَاءٍ أَوْ عَقْلٍ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْمُفْرَحُ: الْمُثْقَلُ بِالدَّيْنِ وَالْكَثِيرُ الْعِيَالِ. قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: : إذَا أَنْتَ لَمْ تَبْرَحْ تَوَدِّي أَمَانَةً وَتَحْمِلُ أُخْرَى أَفْرَحَتْكَ الْوَدَائِعُ وَأَنْ لَا يُحَالِفَ مُؤْمِنٌ مَوْلَى مُؤْمِنٍ دُونَهُ؛ وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُتَّقِينَ عَلَى مَنْ بَغَى مِنْهُمْ، أَوْ ابْتَغَى دَسِيعَةَ ظُلْمٍ، أَوْ إثْمٍ، أَوْ عُدْوَانٍ، أَوْ فَسَادٍ بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ وَإِنَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ جَمِيعًا، وَلَوْ كَانَ وَلَدَ أَحَدِهِمْ، وَلَا يَقْتُلُ مُؤْمِنٌ مُؤْمِنًا فِي كَافِرٍ، وَلَا يَنْصُرُ كَافِرًا عَلَى مُؤْمِنٍ ، وَإِنَّ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَاحِدَةٌ، يُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ، وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ مَوَالِي بَعْضٍ دُونَ النَّاسِ؛ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ تَبِعَنَا مِنْ يَهُودَ فَإِنَّ لَهُ النَّصْرَ وَالْأُسْوَةَ، غَيْرَ مَظْلُومِينَ وَلَا مُتَنَاصَرِينَ عَلَيْهِمْ؛ وَإِنَّ سِلْمَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ، لَا يُسَالَمُ مُؤْمِنٌ دُونَ مُؤْمِنٍ فِي قِتَالٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، إلَّا عَلَى سَوَاءٍ وَعَدْلٍ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَإِنَّ كُلَّ غَازِيَةٍ غَزَتْ مَعَنَا يُعْقِبُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا، وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُبِئْ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ بِمَا نَالَ دِمَاءَهُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ؛ وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُتَّقِينَ عَلَى أَحْسَنِ هُدًى وَأَقْوَمِهِ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يُجِيرُ مُشْرِكٌ مَالًا لِقُرَيْشٍ وَلَا نَفْسَهَا، وَلَا يَحُولُ دُونَهُ عَلَى مُؤْمِنٍ؛ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ اعْتَبَطَ مُؤْمِنًا قَتْلًا عَنْ بَيِّنَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ قَوَدٌ بِهِ إلَّا أَنْ يَرْضَى وَلِيُّ الْمَقْتُولِ، وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ كَافَّةٌ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُمْ إلَّا قِيَامٌ عَلَيْهِ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَقَرَّ بِمَا فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ، وَآمَنَ بِاَللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، أَنْ يَنْصُرَ مُحْدِثًا وَلَا يُؤْوِيهِ؛ وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ نَصَرَهُ أَوْ آوَاهُ، فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ؛ وَإِنَّكُمْ مَهْمَا اخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَإِنَّ مَرَدَّهُ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَإِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ يُنْفِقُونَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا دَامُوا مُحَارَبِينَ؛ وَإِنَّ يَهُودَ بَنِي عَوْفٍ أُمَّةٌ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لِلْيَهُودِ دِينُهُمْ، وَلِلْمُسْلِمَيْنِ دِينُهُمْ، مَوَالِيهِمْ وَأَنْفُسُهُمْ، إلَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ وَأَثِمَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُوتِغُ إلَّا نَفْسَهُ، وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ، وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ، وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ؛ وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ؛ وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي جُشَمٍ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ؛ وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي الْأَوْسِ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ؛ وَإِنَّ لِيَهُودِ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ، إلَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ وَأَثِمَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُوتِغُ إلَّا نَفْسَهُ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِهِ؛ وَإِنَّ جَفْنَةَ بَطْنٌ مِنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ كَأَنْفُسِهِمْ؛ وَإِنَّ لِبَنِي الشَّطِيبَةِ مِثْلَ مَا لِيَهُودِ بَنِي عَوْفٍ، وَإِنَّ الْبِرَّ دُونَ الْإِثْمِ، وَإِنَّ مَوَالِيَ ثَعْلَبَةَ كَأَنْفُسِهِمْ؛ وَإِنَّ بِطَانَةَ يَهُودَ كَأَنْفُسِهِمْ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَخْرَجُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إلَّا بِإِذْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يُنْحَجَزُ عَلَى ثَأْرٍ جُرْحٌ، وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ فَتَكَ فَبِنَفْسِهِ فَتَكَ، وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، إلَّا مِنْ ظَلَمَ؛ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى أَبَرِّ هَذَا؛ وَإِنَّ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ نَفَقَتَهُمْ وَعَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَفَقَتَهُمْ؛ وَإِنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ النَّصْرَ عَلَى مَنْ حَارَبَ أَهْلَ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ، وَإِنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ النُّصْحَ وَالنَّصِيحَةَ، وَالْبِرَّ دُونَ الْإِثْمِ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْثَمْ امْرُؤٌ بِحَلِيفِهِ؛ وَإِنَّ النَّصْرَ لِلْمَظْلُومِ، وَإِنَّ الْيَهُودَ يُنْفِقُونَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا دَامُوا مُحَارَبِينَ، وَإِنَّ يَثْرِبَ حَرَامٌ جَوْفُهَا لِأَهْلِ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ؛ وَإِنَّ الْجَارَ كَالنَّفْسِ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَلَا آثِمٌ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا تُجَارُ حُرْمَةٌ إلَّا بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا،وَإِنَّهُ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ مِنْ حَدَثٍ أَوْ اشْتِجَارٍ يُخَافُ فَسَادُهُ، فَإِنَّ مَرَدَّهُ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ، وَإِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى أَتْقَى مَا فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَأَبَرِّهِ؛ وَإِنَّهُ لَا تُجَارُ قُرَيْشٌ وَلَا مَنْ نَصَرَهَا. وَإِنَّ بَيْنَهُمْ النَّصْرَ عَلَى مَنْ دَهَمَ يَثْرِبَ، وَإِذَا دُعُوا إلَى صُلْحٍ يُصَالِحُونَهُ وَيَلْبَسُونَهُ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يُصَالِحُونَهُ وَيَلْبَسُونَهُ؛ وَإِنَّهُمْ إذَا دُعُوا إلَى مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَهُمْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إلَّا مَنْ حَارَبَ فِي الدِّينِ، عَلَى كُلِّ أُنَاسٍ حِصَّتُهُمْ مِنْ جَانِبِهِمْ الَّذِي قِبَلَهُمْ، وَإِنَّ يَهُودَ الْأَوْسِ، مَوَالِيَهُمْ وَأَنْفُسَهُمْ، عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا لِأَهْلِ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ. مَعَ الْبِرِّ الْمَحْضِ ؟ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُقَالُ: مَعَ الْبِرِّ الْمُحْسِنُ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَإِنَّ الْبِرَّ دُونَ الْإِثْمِ، لَا يَكْسِبُ كَاسِبٌ إلَّا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَى أَصْدَقِ مَا فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَأَبَرِّهِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَا يَحُولُ هَذَا الْكِتَابُ دُونَ ظَالِمٍ وَآثِمٍ، وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ خَرَجَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ قَعَدَ آمِنٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، إلَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ أَوْ أَثِمَ؛ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَارٌ لِمَنْ بَرَّ وَاتَّقَى، وَمُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ.
Translation
✧ [His ﷺ document between the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār and his pact with the Jews] Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ wrote a document between the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār, in which he made a peace agreement with the Jews, covenanted with them, confirmed them in their religion and their properties, stipulated for them, and imposed conditions upon them: In the name of Allāh, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. This is a document from Muḥammad the Prophet ﷺ, between the believers and Muslims of Quraysh and Yathrib, and those who follow them, join them, and strive with them. They are one community to the exclusion of other people. The Muhājirūn of Quraysh shall remain in their condition, paying blood money among themselves, and they shall ransom their captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū ʿAwf shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū Sāʿidah shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group among them ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū al-Ḥārith shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū Jusham shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group among them ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū al-Najjār shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group among them ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū al-Nabīt shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The Banū al-Aws shall remain in their condition, paying their former bloodwits; each group among them ransoms its captives in kindness and justice among the believers. The believers shall not leave a mufraḥ among them without giving him what is customary for ransom or bloodwit. Ibn Hishām said: al-mufraḥ is the one burdened with debt and with many dependents. The poet said: When you do not cease to fulfill a trust, And you carry another, the deposits have rejoiced you. A believer shall not take as confederate the client of a believer without his consent. The God-fearing believers shall be against whoever of them acts wrongfully or seeks a gift of injustice, sin, aggression, or corruption among the believers. Their hands shall all be against him, even if he is the son of one of them. A believer shall not kill a believer for an unbeliever, nor help an unbeliever against a believer. The protection of Allāh is one; the least of them may grant protection to them. The believers are clients of one another to the exclusion of other people. Whoever of the Jews follows us shall have assistance and equal treatment, not wronged and not helped against. The peace of the believers is one; no believer shall be left out of a peace made with another believer in fighting in the way of Allāh, except on equal and just terms among them. Every raiding party that raids with us shall take turns, one after another. The believers shall exact retribution for one another for the blood shed in the way of Allāh. The God-fearing believers are upon the best and most upright guidance. A polytheist shall not grant protection to any property or person of Quraysh, nor shall he intervene between him and a believer. Whoever kills a believer deliberately with clear proof shall be slain for him, unless the guardian of the slain is satisfied. The believers shall all be against him, and it is not lawful for them except to stand against him. It is not lawful for a believer who affirms what is in this document and believes in Allāh and the Last Day to help an innovator or give him shelter. Whoever helps him or gives him shelter, upon him is the curse of Allāh and His wrath on the Day of Resurrection, and no compensation or equivalent shall be accepted from him. Whenever you differ about anything, its reference is to Allāh, the Mighty and Majestic, and to Muḥammad ﷺ. The Jews shall spend with the believers as long as they are at war. The Jews of Banū ʿAwf are a community with the believers; to the Jews their religion, and to the Muslims their religion, their clients and themselves, except whoever does wrong and sins, for he only harms himself and his household. The Jews of Banū al-Najjār shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. The Jews of Banū al-Ḥārith shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. The Jews of Banū Sāʿidah shall have what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. The Jews of Banū Jusham shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. The Jews of Banū al-Aws shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. The Jews of Banū Thaʿlabah shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have, except whoever does wrong and sins, for he only harms himself and his household. Jafnah is a branch of Thaʿlabah, like themselves. The Banū al-Shaṭībah shall have the like of what the Jews of Banū ʿAwf have. Piety is better than sin. The clients of Thaʿlabah are like themselves. The intimate friends of the Jews are like themselves. None of them shall go out except with the permission of Muḥammad ﷺ. There shall be no preventing of retribution for a wound. Whoever acts treacherously does so against himself and his household, except whoever is wronged. Allāh is the best guardian of this. The Jews shall bear their expenses and the Muslims their expenses. Between them is mutual help against whoever fights the people of this document. Between them is sincere counsel and advice, and piety is better than sin. No man shall be held guilty for his confederate. Help is for the wronged. The Jews shall spend with the believers as long as they are at war. The inner part of Yathrib is inviolable for the people of this document. The neighbor is like oneself, not harmed and not sinned against. No protection shall be granted except with the permission of its people. Whatever incident or dispute arises among the people of this document, the corruption of which is feared, its reference is to Allāh, the Mighty and Majestic, and to Muḥammad the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ. Allāh is the most pious and most righteous guardian of what is in this document. No protection shall be granted to Quraysh or to whoever helps them. Between them is help against whoever suddenly attacks Yathrib. If they are called to make peace and to accept it, they shall make peace and accept it. If they are called to the like of that, then it will be for them upon the believers, except whoever fights in religion. Each people shall have their share from their own side. The Jews of al-Aws, their clients and themselves, shall have the like of what the people of this document have, with pure piety from the people of this document. Ibn Hishām said: It is also said: with the pure doer of good among the people of this document. Ibn Isḥāq said: Piety is better than sin. No earner earns except against himself. Allāh is the most truthful and most righteous guardian of what is in this document. This document shall not stand in the way of a wrongdoer or sinner. Whoever goes out is safe, and whoever stays in Madinah is safe, except whoever does wrong or sins. Allāh is the protector of whoever is pious and God-fearing, and Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.