Tarikh (al-Tabari) 871
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
وَكَانَ لِكُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْهِدْمِ مَرْبِدٌ، وَالْمَرْبِدُ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي يُبْسَطُ فِيهِ التَّمْرُ لِيَجِفَّ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسَّسَهُ وَبَنَاهُ مَسْجِدًا. وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ: « فَلَبِثَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَأَسَّسَ الْمَسْجِدَ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى». وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْهُ قَالَ: «الَّذِينَ بُنِيَ فِيهِمُ الْمَسْجِدُ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى» هُمْ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَكَذَا عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَائِذٍ وَلَفْظُهُ: «وَمَكَثَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ وَاتَّخَذَ مَكَانَهُ مَسْجِدًا فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ ثُمَّ بَنَاهُ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَهُوَ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى». وَرَوَى يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ فِي زِيَادَاتِ الْمَغَازِي عَنِ الْمَسْعُودِيِّ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ عُتَيْبَةَ- بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَفَتْحِ الْفَوْقِيَّةِ وَسُكُونِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ وَبِالْمُوَحَّدَةِ- قَالَ: لَمَّاَ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَنَزَلَ بِقُبَاءَ قَالَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ: «مَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بُدٌّ مِنْ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ مَكَانًا يَسْتَظِلُّ بِهِ إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ وَيُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ». فَجَمَعَ حِجَارَةً فَبَنَى مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءَ فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَنَى مَسْجِدًا- رَوَى الْحَافِظُ وَالسَّيِّدُ- يَعْنِي لِعَامَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَهُوَ فِي التَّحْقِيقِ أَوَّلُ مَسْجِدٍ صَلَّى فِيهِ بِأَصْحَابِهِ جَمَاعَةً ظَاهِرًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ بُنِيَ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْمَسَاجِدِ، فَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَقَدْ لَبِثْنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ عَلَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَنَتَيْنِ نُعَمِّرُ الْمَسَاجِدَ وَنُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ، وَلِذَا قِيلَ: كَانَ الْمُتَقَدِّمُونَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْأَنْصَارِ بِقُبَاءَ قَدْ بَنَوْا مَسْجِدًا يُصَلُّونَ فِيهِ، يَعْنِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَوَرَدَ قُبَاءَ صَلَّى بِهِمْ فِيهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ فِيهِ شَيْئًا أَيْ فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَمْرِ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ شَبَّةَ- بِالشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَالْمُوَحَّدَةِ الْمُشَدَّدَةِ الْمَفْتُوحَتَيْنِ- رَوَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ رَوَى أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَنَى مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءَ، وَقَدَّمَ الْقِبْلَةَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهَا الْيَوْمَ وَقَالَ: «جِبْرِيلُ يَؤُمُّ بِي الْبَيْتَ». وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّاَ سَأَلَ أَهْلُ قُبَاءَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ لَهُمْ مَسْجِدًا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لِيَقُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ فَيَرْكَبُ النَّاقَةَ، فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَرَكِبَهَا فَحَرَّكَهَا فَلَمْ تَنْبَعِثْ فَرَجَعَ فَقَعَدَ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَرَكِبَهَا فَلَمْ تَنْبَعِثْ فَرَجَعَ فَقَعَدَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: «لِيَقُمْ بَعْضُكُمْ فَيَرْكَبُ النَّاقَةَ»، فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ فِي غَرْزِ الرُّكَّابِ وَثَبَتَ بِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَرْخِ زِمَامَهَا وَابْنُوا عَلَى مَدَارِهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ». وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ رِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ عَنِ الشَّمُوسِ- بِفَتْحِ الشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ- بِنْتِ النُّعْمَانِ ؓ قَالَتْ: «نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ وَنَزَلَ وَأَسَّسَ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ: مَسْجِدَ قُبَاءَ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ يَأْخُذُ الْحَجَرَ أَوِ الصَّخْرَةَ حَتَّى يَهْصِرَهُ الْحَجَرُ، وَأَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَيَاضِ التُّرَابِ عَلَى بَطْنِهِ أَوْ سُرَّتِهِ فَيَأْتِي الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَيَقُولُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي أَعْطِنِي أَكُفَّكَ، فَيَقُولُ: «لَا خُذْ مِثْلَهُ»، حَتَّى أَسَّسَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: «إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُوَ يَؤُمُّ الْكَعْبَةَ» قَالَتْ: فَكَانَ يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ أَقْوَمُ مَسْجِدٍ قِبْلَةً. قَالَ السَّيِّدُ: «قَدْ صَحَّ أَنَّهُ ﷺ كَانَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ حَتَّى نُسِخَ ذَلِكَ وَجَاءَ نُقَبَاؤُهُمْ فِي صَلَاةِ الصُّبْحِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ وَكَانَتْ وُجُوهُهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَاسْتَدَارُوا إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كَانَ يَؤُمُّ [بِهِ] الْبَيْتَ لِيَسْتَدِلَّ بِهِ عَلَى جِهَةِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ لِتُقَابِلَ الْجِهَتَيْنِ وَيُعْلِمَهُ بِمَا يَؤُولُ إِلَيْهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنِ اسْتِقْبَالِ الْكَعْبَةِ. أَوْ أَنَّهُ ﷺ كَانَ مُخَيَّرًا فِي ابْتِدَاءِ الْهِجْرَةِ فِي التَّوَجُّهِ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَوْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ، كَمَا قَالَهُ الرَّبِيعُ، فَأَمَّ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ الْبَيْتَ لِذَلِكَ، سبب استقبال بيت المقدس أولا وَاخْتِيَارُهُ الصَّلَاةَ لِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ أَوَّلًا لِاسْتِمَالَةِ الْيَهُودِ أَوْ أَنَّ اسْتِقْبَالَ الْكَعْبَةِ كَانَ مَشْرُوعًا فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بِالْكَعْبَةِ كَمَا قَالَهُ الْقَاضِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْعَرَبِيِّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَنَّ الْقِبْلَةَ نُسِخَتْ مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَوْ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ تَأْسِيسٌ آخَرُ غَيْرُ التَّأْسِيسِ الْأَوَّلِ. وَيَدُلُّ عَلَى هَذَا مَا قَدَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ شَبَّةَ». وَرَوَى ابْنُ شَبَّةَ أَيْضًا أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ كَانَ يَقُولُ وَهُمْ يَبْنُونَ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءَ: «أَفْلَحَ مَنْ يُعَمِّرُ الْمَسَاجِدَا»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمَسَاجِدَا»، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «وَيَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ قَائِمًا وَقَاعِدًا»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَقَاعِدًا» فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: «وَلَا يَبِيتُ اللَّيْلَ عَنْهُ رَاقِدًا»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «رَاقِدًا».
Translation
✧ Kulthūm b. al-Hidm had a murbad—and the murbad is the place where dates are spread out to dry—so the Messenger of God ﷺ took it from him, laid its foundation, and built it as a mosque. In the Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of ʿUrwah: “He stayed among the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf and laid the foundation of the mosque that was founded on piety.” In the narration of ʿAbd al-Razzāq from him, he said: “Those among whom the mosque that was founded on piety was built are the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf.” Likewise in Ibn ʿĀʾidh, whose wording is: “He remained among the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf for three nights, took its place as a mosque, and used to pray in it; then the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf built it, and it is the one founded on piety.” Yūnus b. Bukayr narrated in the additions to the Maghāzī from al-Masʿūdī, from al-Ḥakam b. ʿUtaybah—with ḍammah on the unpointed ʿayn, fatḥah on the pointed tāʾ, sukūn on the pointed yāʾ, and the pointed bāʾ—who said: When the Prophet ﷺ arrived and alighted at Qubāʾ, ʿAmmār b. Yāsir said: “The Messenger of God ﷺ must have a place where he can shade himself when he wakes and pray in it.” So he gathered stones and built the mosque of Qubāʾ. He was the first to build a mosque— al-Ḥāfiẓ and al-Sayyid narrated it—meaning for the Muslims in general or for the Prophet ﷺ in Madinah, and in reality it is the first mosque in which he prayed with his companions openly as a congregation, even though other mosques had been built. Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated from Jābir ؓ who said: “We stayed in Madinah for two years before the Prophet ﷺ came to us, building mosques and establishing prayer.” For this reason it was said: The early emigrants among the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ and the Anṣār at Qubāʾ had built a mosque in which they prayed, meaning this mosque. When the Messenger of God ﷺ emigrated and arrived at Qubāʾ, he prayed with them in it facing the Sacred House [Bayt al-Maqdis], and he did not alter anything in it at first, because Ibn Shabbah—with the pointed shīn and the doubled pointed bāʾ, both with fatḥah—narrated that. Then he narrated that the Prophet ﷺ built the mosque of Qubāʾ, moved the qiblah to its place today, and said: “Gabriel is leading me in prayer toward the House.” Al-Ṭabarānī narrated from Jābir b. Samurah ؓ who said: When the people of Qubāʾ asked the Prophet ﷺ to build them a mosque, the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Let one of you stand up and mount the she-camel.” So Abū Bakr ؓ stood up, mounted it, and urged it on, but it did not move; he returned and sat down. Then ʿUmar ؓ stood up, mounted it, and it did not move; he returned and sat down. The Messenger of God ﷺ said to his companions: “Let one of you stand up and mount the she-camel.” So ʿAlī ؓ stood up. When he placed his foot in the stirrup and was firmly seated, the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Release its halter and build where it circles, for it is commanded.” Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with a chain whose men are trustworthy from al-Shamūs—with fatḥah on the pointed shīn—bt. al-Nuʿmān ؓ who said: “I looked at the Messenger of God ﷺ when he came, alighted, and laid the foundation of this mosque, the mosque of Qubāʾ. I saw him taking the stone or the rock until the stone bent him over, and I looked at the whiteness of the dust on his belly or his navel. A man from among his companions would come and say: ‘O Messenger of God, may my father and mother be your ransom, give it to me and I will spare you.’ He would say: ‘No, take one like it,’ until he laid its foundation. And he said: ‘Gabriel ﷺ is the one leading me in prayer toward the Kaʿbah.’” She said: It used to be said that it is the most accurate mosque in its qiblah. Al-Sayyid said: “It has been established that he ﷺ used to face the Sacred House [Bayt al-Maqdis] until that was abrogated. Their delegates came during the morning prayer and he informed them; their faces had been toward Syria, so they turned to the Kaʿbah. It is possible that Gabriel ﷺ was leading [him] in prayer toward the House so that he could use it to ascertain the direction of the Sacred House [Bayt al-Maqdis], so that the two directions would correspond, and to inform him of what the matter would ultimately lead to, namely facing the Kaʿbah. Or that he ﷺ was given a choice at the beginning of the emigration between facing the Sacred House [Bayt al-Maqdis] or the Kaʿbah, as al-Rabīʿ said, and so Gabriel led him in prayer toward the House for that reason. The reason for initially facing Bayt al-Maqdis and his choosing to pray toward it first was to win over the Jews. Or that facing the Kaʿbah was legislated at that time, then abrogated by Bayt al-Maqdis, then abrogated by the Kaʿbah, as al-Qāḍī Abū Bakr b. al-ʿArabī and others said, that the qiblah was abrogated twice. Or that this was another foundation different from the first foundation. What supports this is what we have already mentioned from the narration of Ibn Shabbah.” Ibn Shabbah also narrated that ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah used to say while they were building the mosque of Qubāʾ: “He prospers who builds the mosques,” and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “The mosques.” Then ʿAbd Allāh said: “And recites the Qurʾān standing and sitting,” and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “And sitting.” Then ʿAbd Allāh said: “And does not spend the night heedless of it, sleeping,” and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Sleeping.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.