Tarikh (al-Tabari) 870
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
إسْلَامُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ [ كَيْفَ أَسْلَمَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، كَمَا حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِهِ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ إسْلَامِهِ حَيْنَ أَسْلَمَ، وَكَانَ حَبْرًا عَالِمًا، قَالَ: لَمَّا سَمِعْتُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَرَفْتُ صِفَتَهُ وَاسْمَهُ وَزَمَانَهُ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَتَوَكَّفُ لَهُ، فَكُنْتُ مُسِرًّا لِذَلِكَ، صَامِتًا عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ بقُباءٍ، فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ حَتَّى أَخْبَرَ بِقُدُومِهِ، وَأَنَا فِي رَأْسِ نَخْلَةٍ لِي أَعَمَلُ فِيهَا، وَعَمَّتِي خَالِدَةُ ابْنَةُ الْحَارِثِ تَحْتِي جَالِسَةٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُ الْخَبَرَ بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَبَّرْتُ؛ فَقَالَتْ لِي عَمَّتِي، حَيْنَ سَمِعَتْ تَكْبِيرِي: خَيَّبَكَ اللَّهُ، وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ كُنْتَ سَمِعْتَ بِمُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ قَادِمًا مَا زِدْتَ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: أَيْ عَمَّةُ، هُوَ وَاَللَّهِ أَخُو مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ، وَعَلَى دِينِهِ، بُعِثَ بِمَا بُعِثَ بِهِ. قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ: أَيْ ابْنَ أَخِي، أَهُوَ النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي كُنَّا نُخْبَرُ أَنَّهُ يُبْعَثُ مَعَ نَفْسِ السَّاعَةِ ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَقَالَتْ: فَذَاكَ إذًا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَسْلَمْتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، فَأَمَرْتُهُمْ فَأَسْلَمُوا [ قَوْمُهُ يُكَذِّبُونَهُ وَلَا يَتَّبِعُونَهُ ] قَالَ: وَكَتَمْتُ إسْلَامِي مِنْ يَهُودَ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ يَهُودَ قَوْمٌ بُهْتٌ، وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُدْخِلَنِي فِي بَعْضِ بُيُوتِكَ، وَتُغَيِّبَنِي عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ تَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنِّي، حَتَّى يُخْبِرُوكَ كَيْفَ أَنَا فِيهِمْ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمُوا بِإِسْلَامِي، فَإِنَّهُمْ إنْ عَلِمُوا بِهِ بَهَتُونِي وَعَابُونِي. قَالَ: فَأَدْخَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ بُيُوتِهِ، وَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَكَلَّمُوهُ وَسَاءَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: أَيُّ رَجُلٍ الْحُصَيْنُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ فِيكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: سَيِّدُنَا وَابْنُ سَيِّدِنَا، وَحَبْرُنَا وَعَالِمُنَا. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ خَرَجْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاقْبَلُوا مَا جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ إنَّهُ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ، تَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَكُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ بِاسْمِهِ وَصِفَتِهِ، فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأُومِنُ بِهِ وَأُصَدِّقُهُ وَأَعْرِفُهُ، فَقَالُوا: كَذَبْتَ ثُمَّ وَقَعُوا بِي، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَلَمْ أُخْبِرْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ بُهْتٌ، أَهْلُ غَدْرٍ وَكَذِبٍ وَفُجُورٍ قَالَ: فَأَظْهَرْتُ إسْلَامِي وَإِسْلَامُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، وَأَسْلَمَتْ عَمَّتِي خَالِدَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ، فَحَسُنَ إسْلَامُهَا. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، انْجَفَلَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ، فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنِ انْجَفَلَ، فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنْتُ وَجْهَهُ عَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِوَجْهِ كَذَّابٍ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ شَيْءٍ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: " أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ، وَأَطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ، وَصِلُوا الْأَرْحَامَ، وَصَلُّوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٍ، تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِسَلَامٍ ". وَرَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ عَوْفٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى بِهِ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: صَحِيحٌ. عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ بِقُدُومِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُوَ فِي أَرْضٍ لَهُ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ; مَا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ ؟ وَمَا أَوَّلُ طَعَامٍ يَأْكُلُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ؟ وَمَا يَنْزِعُ الْوَلَدَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ أَوْ إِلَى أُمِّهِ ؟ قَالَ: " أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِنَّ جِبْرِيلُ آنِفًا ". قَالَ: جِبْرِيلُ ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: عَدُوُّ الْيَهُودِ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 97 ] قَالَ: " أَمَّا أَوَّلُ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ فَنَارٌ تَخْرُجُ عَلَى النَّاسِ مِنَ الْمَشْرِقِ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ، وَأَمَّا أَوَّلُ طَعَامٍ يَأْكُلُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ، فَزِيَادَةُ كَبِدِ حُوتٍ، وَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ نَزَعَ الْوَلَدَ، وَإِذَا سَبَقَ مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ نَزَعَتِ الْوَلَدَ ". قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الْيَهُودَ قَوْمٌ بُهُتٌ، وَإِنَّهُمْ إِنْ يَعْلَمُوا بِإِسْلَامِي قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُمْ عَنِّي بَهَتُونِي. فَجَاءَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَقَالَ: " أَيُّ رَجُلٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِيكُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا: خَيْرُنَا وَابْنُ خَيْرِنَا، وَسَيِّدُنَا وَابْنُ سَيِّدِنَا. قَالَ: " أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ ؟ " قَالُوا: أَعَاذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. قَالُوا: شَرُّنَا وَابْنُ شَرِّنَا وَانْتَقَصُوهُ. قَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي كُنْتُ أَخَافُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. موقف زعماء اليهود من النبي ﷺ وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَدِّثٌ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ، قَالَتْ: لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ وَلَدِ أَبِي وَعَمِّي أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِمَا مِنِّي، لَمْ أَلْقَهُمَا فِي وَلَدٍ لَهُمَا قَطُّ أَهِشُّ إِلَيْهِمَا إِلَّا أَخَذَانِي دُونَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُبَاءَ - قَرْيَةَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ - غَدَا إِلَيْهِ أَبِي وَعَمِّي أَبُو يَاسِرِ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ مُغَلِّسَيْنِ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا جَاءَانَا إِلَّا مَعَ مَغِيبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَجَاءَانَا فَاتِرَيْنِ كَسْلَانَيْنِ سَاقِطَيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ الْهُوَيْنَى، فَهَشِشْتُ إِلَيْهِمَا كَمَا كُنْتُ أَصْنَعُ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا، فَسَمِعْتُ عَمِّي أَبَا يَاسِرٍ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي: أَهْوَ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ تَعْرِفُهُ بِعَيْنِهِ وَصِفَتِهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَمَاذَا فِي نَفْسِكَ مِنْهُ ؟ قَالَ: عَدَاوَتُهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا بَقِيتُ. وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ أَبَا يَاسِرِ بْنَ أَخْطَبَ حِينَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ، وَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ، وَحَادَثَهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا قَوْمِ، أَطِيعُونِي; فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالَّذِي كُنْتُمْ تَنْتَظِرُونَ، فَاتَّبِعُوهُ وَلَا تُخَالِفُوهُ. فَانْطَلَقَ أَخُوهُ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ - وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ الْيَهُودِ، وَهُمَا مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ - فَجَلَسَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ مُطَاعًا، فَقَالَ: أَتَيْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَجُلٍ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَزَالُ لَهُ عَدُوًّا أَبَدًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَخُوهُ أَبُو يَاسِرٍ: يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ، أَطِعْنِي فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ وَاعْصِنِي فِيمَا شِئْتَ بَعْدَهُ، لَا تَهْلِكْ. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُطِيعُكَ أَبَدًا. وَاسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ وَاتَّبَعَهُ قَوْمُهُ عَلَى رَأْيِهِ. قُلْتُ: أَمَّا أَبُو يَاسِرِ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ فَلَا أَدْرِي مَا آلَ إِلَيْهِ أَمْرُهُ، وَأَمَّا حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ وَالِدُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ، فَشَرِبَ عَدَاوَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ دَأْبَهُ حَتَّى قُتِلَ صَبْرًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ قَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَةَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ.
Translation
✧ The Islam of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām [How he became Muslim] Ibn Isḥāq said: Part of the account of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, as one of his family related to me from him and about his Islam when he became Muslim—and he was a learned rabbi—he said: When I heard of the Messenger of God ﷺ, I recognized his description, his name, and the time for which we had been waiting, and I kept that secret and remained silent about it until the Messenger of God ﷺ arrived in Madinah. When he stopped at Qubāʾ among the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, a man came and announced his arrival while I was at the top of a date-palm of mine working in it, and my paternal aunt Khālidah bt. al-Ḥārith was sitting beneath me. When I heard the news of the Messenger of God's ﷺ arrival, I said “Allāhu akbar.” My aunt said to me when she heard my takbīr: “May God disappoint you! By God, if you had heard that Mūsā b. ʿImrān was coming, you would not have done more.” He said: I said to her: “Aunt, by God, he is the brother of Mūsā b. ʿImrān, and upon his religion; he has been sent with what Mūsā was sent with.” He said: She said: “Son of my brother, is he the prophet about whom we were told that he would be sent at the very end of time?” He said: I said to her: “Yes.” He said: She said: “Then that is he.” He said: Then I went out to the Messenger of God ﷺ and became Muslim, then I returned to my household and commanded them, and they became Muslim. [His people deny him and do not follow him] He said: I concealed my Islam from the Jews, then I came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and said to him: “O Messenger of God, the Jews are a slanderous people, and I would like you to admit me into one of your houses and hide me from them, then ask them about me, so that they may tell you what I am among them before they know of my Islam; for if they know of it, they will slander me and find fault with me.” He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ admitted me into one of his houses, and they came in to him and spoke with him and asked him questions. Then he said to them: “What kind of man is al-Ḥuṣayn b. Salām among you?” They said: “Our chief and the son of our chief, our rabbi and our scholar.” He said: When they had finished speaking, I came out to them and said: “O assembly of Jews, fear God and accept what he has brought you. By God, you know that he is the Messenger of God; you find him written with you in the Torah by his name and description. I bear witness that he is the Messenger of God ﷺ, and I believe in him, affirm him, and recognize him.” They said: “You lie,” and they fell upon me. He said: I said to the Messenger of God ﷺ: “Did I not tell you, O Messenger of God, that they are a slanderous people, people of treachery, lies, and wickedness?” He said: Then I made my Islam and the Islam of my household public, and my aunt Khālidah bt. al-Ḥārith became Muslim, and her Islam was good. And on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, he said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ came to Madinah, the people rushed to him, and I was among those who rushed. When I made out his face, I knew that it was not the face of a liar. The first thing I heard him say was: “Spread peace, feed food, maintain ties of kinship, and pray at night while people sleep; you will enter Paradise in peace.” Al-Tirmidhī and Ibn Mājah related it through channels from ʿAwf al-Aʿrābī, from Zurārah b. Abī Awfā, from him. Al-Tirmidhī said: It is authentic. On the authority of Anas, he said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām heard of the Prophet's ﷺ arrival while he was on some land of his, so he came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: “I will ask you about three things that only a prophet knows: What is the first sign of the Hour? What is the first food the people of Paradise will eat? And what makes a child resemble its father or its mother?” He said: “Jibrīl informed me of them just now.” He said: “Jibrīl?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “The enemy of the Jews among the angels.” Then he recited: “Whoever is an enemy to Jibrīl—for it is he who brought it down upon your heart by God's permission” [al-Baqarah: 97]. He said: “As for the first sign of the Hour, it is a fire that comes out upon the people from the east to the west. As for the first food the people of Paradise will eat, it is the extra lobe of a fish's liver. And when the man's fluid precedes the woman's fluid, the child resembles the father, and when the woman's fluid precedes the man's fluid, the child resembles the mother.” He said: “I bear witness that there is no god but God and that you are the Messenger of God. O Messenger of God, the Jews are a slanderous people, and if they learn of my Islam before you ask them about me, they will slander me.” The Jews came, and he said: “What kind of man is ʿAbd Allāh among you?” They said: “The best of us and the son of the best of us, our chief and the son of our chief.” He said: “What would you think if he became Muslim?” They said: “May God protect him from that.” Then ʿAbd Allāh came out and said: “I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God.” They said: “The worst of us and the son of the worst of us,” and they disparaged him. He said: “This is what I feared, O Messenger of God.” The stance of the Jewish leaders toward the Prophet ﷺ Yūnus b. Bukayr said, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr related to me: A transmitter related to me from Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy, she said: None of my father's and uncle's children was dearer to them than I. Whenever I met them with any child of theirs, I would be cheerful toward them, but they would take me aside instead. When the Messenger of God ﷺ arrived at Qubāʾ—the village of the Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf—my father and my uncle Abū Yāsir b. Akhṭab went to him early in the morning before dawn. By God, they did not come back to us until sunset. They came to us weary, sluggish, dejected, walking slowly. I went to them cheerfully as I used to do, but by God, neither of them looked at me. I heard my uncle Abū Yāsir say to my father: “Is it he?” He said: “Yes, by God.” He said: “Do you recognize him by his exact appearance and description?” He said: “Yes, by God.” He said: “What is in your heart concerning him?” He said: “Enmity toward him, by God, as long as I live.” Mūsā b. ʿUqbah mentioned, from al-Zuhrī, that Abū Yāsir b. Akhṭab, when the Messenger of God ﷺ came to Madinah, went to him, listened to him, and conversed with him, then returned to his people and said: “O my people, obey me, for God has brought you the one you were awaiting. Follow him and do not oppose him.” His brother Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab—who was then the chief of the Jews, and they were from the Banū al-Naḍīr—went and sat with the Messenger of God ﷺ and listened to him, then returned to his people, among whom he was obeyed, and said: “I have come from a man whom, by God, I will remain an enemy of forever.” His brother Abū Yāsir said to him: “Son of my mother, obey me in this matter and disobey me in whatever you wish after it; do not destroy yourself.” He said: “By God, I will never obey you.” Satan gained mastery over him, and his people followed him in his opinion. I say: As for Abū Yāsir b. Akhṭab, I do not know what became of his affair. As for Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab, the father of Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy, he drank enmity toward the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions, and that remained his custom until he was killed in captivity before the Messenger of God ﷺ on the day he executed the combatants of the Banū Qurayẓah.
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