Tarikh (al-Tabari) 869
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُوَيْمِ بْنِ سَاعِدَةَ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِمَخْرَجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ وَتَوَكَّفُوا قُدُومَهُ كَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ إِذَا صَلَّوُا الصُّبْحَ إِلَى ظَاهِرِ الْحَرَّةِ يَنْتَظِرُونَهُ حَتَّى تَغْلِبَهُمُ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى الظِّلَالِ، وَيُؤْذِيَهُمْ حَرُّ الظَّهِيرَةِ. فَإِذَا لَمْ يَجِدُوا ظِلًّا دَخَلُوا، وَذَلِكَ فِي أَيَّامٍ حَارَّةٍ حَتَّى كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي قَدِمَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ دَخَلُوا الْبُيُوتَ فَأَوْفَى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ عَلَى أُطُمٍ مِنْ آطَامِهِمْ لِأَمْرٍ يُنْظَرُ إِلَيْهِ، فَبَصَرَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مُبَيِّضِينَ، يَلُوحُ بِهِمُ السَّرَابُ، فَلَمْ يَمْلِكِ الْيَهُودِيُّ نَفْسَهُ فَصَرَخَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ: «يَا بَنِي قَيْلَةَ»، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْعَرَبِ، «هَذَا جَدُّكُمْ»، وَفِي لَفْظٍ: هَذَا صَاحِبُكُمُ الَّذِي تَنْتَظِرُونَ، «قَدْ جَاءَ». فَثَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى السِّلَاحِ، فَتَلَقَّوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِظَهْرِ الْحَرَّةِ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ لِشَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، فَخَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي ظِلِّ نَخْلَةٍ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي مِثْلِ سِنِّهِ. وَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّاسِ، وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامِتًا، فَطَفِقَ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَيِّي أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَتَّى أَصَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى ظَلَّلَ عَلَيْهِ بِرِدَائِهِ فَعَرَفَ النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَنْحَازُ لَهُ عَنِ الظِّلِّ عَرَفُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَدَلَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِهِمْ عُلُوَّ الْمَدِينَةِ بِقُبَاءَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ عَلَى كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْهِدْمِ بِكَسْرِ الْهَاءِ وَسُكُونِ الدَّالِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، قِيلَ: «وَكَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُشْرِكًا، وَبِهِ جَزَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زُبَالَةَ»، وَقِيلَ: «إِنَّمَا نَزَلَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمَةَ». قَالَ رَزِينٌ: «وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ» وَقَالَ الْحَاكِمُ إِنَّهُ الْأَرْجَحُ، [قَالَ]: «وَقَدْ قَالَهُ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَهُوَ أَعْرَفُ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ» وَقَالَ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ: «إِنَّهُ أَثْبَتُ». وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ «إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ عَلَى كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْهِدْمِ وَكَانَ يَخْرُجُ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ فَيَجْلِسُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي بَيْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمَةَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ عَزَبًا لَا أَهْلَ لَهُ هُنَاكَ وَكَانَ مَنْزِلُ الْعُزَّابِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَمِنْ هُنَالِكَ يُقَالُ: نَزَلَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ خَيْثَمَةَ. وَنَزَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى خُبَيْبِ بْنِ إِسَافَ أَحَدِ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بِالسُّنْحِ- بِسِينٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ مَضْمُومَةٍ فَنُونٍ سَاكِنَةٍ فَحَاءٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ. وَيُقَالُ: عَلَى خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي زُهَيْرٍ أَخِي بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ». وَرَوَى الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ قَالَ: «نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْهِدْمِ، فَصَاحَ كُلْثُومٌ بِغُلَامٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ: يَا نَجِيحُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْجَحْتَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ» وَأَقَامَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ بِمَكَّةَ بَعْدَ مَخْرَجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيَّامًا- قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: ثَلَاثَةٌ- حَتَّى أَدَّى لِلنَّاسِ وَدَائِعَهُمُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَخَلَفَهُ لِيَرُدَّهَا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَلَحِقَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقُبَاءَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَى كُلْثُومِ بْنِ الْهِدْمِ. وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَرَزِينٌ: «كُنْتُ نَزَلْتُ بِقُبَاءَ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً مُسْلِمَةً لَا زَوْجَ لَهَا، فَرَأَيْتُ إِنْسَانًا يَأْتِيهَا مِنْ جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ فَيَضْرِبُ عَلَيْهَا بَابَهَا، فَتَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهِ فَيُعْطِيهَا شَيْئًا مَعَهُ فَتَأْخُذُهُ فَاسْتَرَبْتُ شَأْنَهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا أَمَةَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي يَضْرِبُ عَلَيْكِ بَابَكِ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فَتَخْرُجِينَ إِلَيْهِ فَيُعْطِيكِ شَيْئًا لَا أَدْرِي مَا هُوَ، وَأَنْتِ امْرَأَةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ لَا زَوْجَ لَكِ؟ قَالَتْ: هَذَا سَهْلُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ، قَدْ عَرَفَ أَنِّي امْرَأَةٌ لَا أَحَدَ لِي، فَإِذَا أَمْسَى عَدَا عَلَى أَوْثَانِ قَوْمِهِ فَكَسَرَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَنِي بِهَا. فَقَالَ: احْتَطِبِي بِهَا، فَكَانَ عَلَيَّ يَأْثِرُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ سَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ حِينَ هَلَكَ عِنْدَهُ بِالْعِرَاقِ.
Translation
✧ Al-Bukhārī narrated from ʿĀʾishah, and Ibn Saʿd from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah from a group of the Companions, that when the Muslims in Madinah heard of the departure of the Messenger of God ﷺ from Makkah and awaited his arrival, they would go out after praying the dawn prayer to the edge of the ḥarrah, waiting for him until the sun overcame them upon the shadows and the heat of midday harmed them. When they found no shade, they went in. That was during hot days, until the day on which the Messenger of God ﷺ arrived. When they had entered the houses, a man from the Jews climbed up on one of their fortresses for some matter he was looking at, and he caught sight of the Messenger of God ﷺ and his Companions, dressed in white, with the mirage shimmering around them. The Jew could not contain himself and shouted at the top of his voice: "O Banī Qaylah"—and in one wording: "O assembly of Arabs"—"This is your forefather"—and in one wording: "This is your companion whom you are waiting for"—"he has come." The Muslims rushed to their weapons and met the Messenger of God ﷺ at the edge of the ḥarrah, and that was on Monday of the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. They went out to the Messenger of God ﷺ while he was in the shade of a palm tree, and with him was Abū Bakr, who was of a similar age to him. Abū Bakr stood up for the people, and the Messenger of God ﷺ sat silent. Those of the Anṣār who came and had not seen the Messenger of God ﷺ began to greet Abū Bakr, until the sun struck the Messenger of God ﷺ. Then Abū Bakr came forward and shaded him with his cloak, and at that point the people recognized the Messenger of God. In one narration: "When they saw Abū Bakr moving aside for him from the shade, they recognized the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Messenger of God ﷺ turned with them to the right until he halted with them in the upper part of Madinah, at Qubāʾ among Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, at the house of Kulthūm b. al-Hidm—with kasrah on the hāʾ and sukūn on the unpointed dāl. It was said: 'On that day he was a polytheist, and this was asserted by Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan b. Zubālah.' It was also said: 'He only stayed at the house of Saʿd b. Khaythamah.' Razīn said: 'The first is more correct.' Al-Ḥākim said it is the more probable, [and he said]: 'Ibn Shihāb said it, and he is more knowledgeable about that than others.' Al-Dimyāṭī said: 'It is more firmly established.' Some of them said: 'The Messenger of God ﷺ stayed at the house of Kulthūm b. al-Hidm, and he would go out for the people from his dwelling and sit for the people in the house of Saʿd b. Khaythamah, because Saʿd was unmarried and had no family there. It was the dwelling of the unmarried men among the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ from the Muhājirūn, and from that it is said: He stayed at the house of Saʿd b. Khaythamah.' Abū Bakr stayed at the house of Khubayb b. Isāf, one of the Banū al-Ḥārith, in al-Sunḥ—with a ḍammah on the unpointed sīn, a sukūn on the nūn, and an unpointed ḥāʾ. It is also said: at the house of Khārijah b. Zayd b. Abī Zuhayr, brother of the Banū al-Ḥārith b. al-Khazraj." Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār narrated from ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥārithah, who said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ stayed at the house of Kulthūm b. al-Hidm. Kulthūm called out to a servant boy of his and said: 'O Najīḥ.' The Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'You have succeeded, O Abū Bakr.'" ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ remained in Makkah after the departure of the Messenger of God ﷺ for some days—some said three—until he delivered to the people their trusts that had been with the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he stayed behind to return them. Then he left and caught up with the Messenger of God ﷺ at Qubāʾ and stayed at the house of Kulthūm b. al-Hidm. ʿAlī said, in what Ibn Isḥāq and Razīn narrated: "I stayed at Qubāʾ, and there was a Muslim woman who had no husband. I saw a man who would come to her in the middle of the night and knock on her door, and she would go out to him, and he would give her something he had with him, and she would take it. I found his affair suspicious, so I said to her: 'O servant of God, who is this man who knocks on your door every night, and you go out to him, and he gives you something I do not know what it is, while you are a Muslim woman with no husband?' She said: 'This is Sahl b. Ḥunayf. He knows that I am a woman with no one, so when evening comes, he goes against the idols of his people and breaks them, then brings them to me. He says: "Use them for firewood."'" ʿAlī said: "That deed of Sahl b. Ḥunayf remained in my memory when he died with him in Iraq."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.