Tarikh (al-Tabari) 868
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
وَاجْتَازَ فِي مُرُورِهِ عَلَى أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ بِنْتِ كَعْبٍ مِنْ بَنِي كَعْبِ بْنِ خُزَاعَةَ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ. وَقَالَ يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ: اسْمُهَا عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مُنْقِذِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَصْرَمَ. وَقَالَ الْأُمَوِيُّ: هِيَ عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ تَبِيعٍ حَلِيفِ بَنِي مُنْقِذِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَصْرَمَ بْنِ ضَبِيسِ بْنِ حَرَامِ بْنِ حُبْشِيَّةَ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَلِهَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ، مَعْبَدٌ، وَنَضْرَةٌ، وَحُنَيْدَةُ، بَنُو أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، وَاسْمُهُ أَكْثَمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ مُنْقِذِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَصْرَمَ بْنِ ضَبِيسٍ، وَقِصَّتُهَا مَشْهُورَةٌ مَرْوِيَّةٌ مِنْ طَرْقٍ يَشُدُّ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا. وَهَذِهِ قِصَّةُ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّةِ : قَالَ يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَيْمَةِ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، وَاسْمُهَا عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مُنْقِذِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَصْرَمَ، فَأَرَادُوا الْقِرَى، فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا طَعَامٌ وَلَا لَنَا مِنْحَةٌ، وَلَا لَنَا شَاةٌ إِلَّا حَائِلٌ. فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَعْضِ غَنَمِهَا، فَمَسَحَ ضَرْعَهَا بِيَدِهِ، وَدَعَا اللَّهَ وَحَلَبَ فِي الْعُسِّ حَتَّى أَرْغَى، وَقَالَ: " اشْرَبِي يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ ". فَقَالَتْ: اشْرَبْ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ. فَرَدَّهُ عَلَيْهَا فَشَرِبَتْ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِحَائِلٍ أُخْرَى، فَفَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ بِهَا، فَشَرِبَهُ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِحَائِلٍ أُخْرَى، فَفَعَلَ بِهَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَسَقَى دَلِيلَهُ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِحَائِلٍ أُخْرَى فَفَعَلَ بِهَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَسَقَى عَامِرًا، ثُمَّ تَرَّوَحَ وَطَلَبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ، فَسَأَلُوا عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا: أَرَأَيْتِ مُحَمَّدًا ؟ مِنْ حِلْيَتِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَوَصَفُوهُ لَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: مَا أَدْرِي مَا تَقُولُونَ قَدْ ضَافِنِي حَالِبُ الْحَائِلِ، قَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: فَذَاكَ الَّذِي نُرِيدُ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَزَّارُ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُهَاجِرَيْنِ فَدَخَلَا الْغَارَ، إِذَا فِي الْغَارِ جُحْرٌ فَأَلْقَمَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَقِبَهُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ; مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ، فَأَقَامَا فِي الْغَارِ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَا حَتَّى نَزَلَا بِخَيْمَاتِ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ أُمُّ مَعْبَدٍ: إِنِّي أَرَى وُجُوهًا حِسَانًا، وَإِنَّ الْحَيَّ أَقْوَى عَلَى كَرَامَتِكُمْ مِنِّي. فَلَمَّا أَمْسَوْا عِنْدَهَا بَعَثَتْ مَعَ ابْنٍ لَهَا صَغِيرٍ بِشَفْرَةٍ وَشَاةٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " ارْدُدِ الشَّفْرَةَ وَهَاتِ لِي فَرَقًا ". - يَعْنِي الْقَدَحَ - فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا لَبَنَ فِيهَا وَلَا وَلَدَ. قَالَ: " هَاتِ لِي فَرَقًا، فَجَاءَتْ بِفَرَقٍ فَضَرَبَ ظَهْرَهَا فَاجْتَرَّتْ وَدَرَّتْ، فَحَلَبَ فَمَلَأَ الْقَدَحَ، فَشَرِبَ وَسَقَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ حَلَبَ فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبَزَّارُ: لَا نَعْلَمُهُ يُرْوَى إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ لَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ إِلَّا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مَعْرُوفًا فِي النَّسَبِ. وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، قَالَ: خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَيْتٍ مُنْتَحِيًا، فَقَصَدَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلْنَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ إِلَّا امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّمَا أَنَا امْرَأَةٌ وَلَيْسَ مَعِي أَحَدٌ فَعَلَيْكُمَا بِعَظِيمِ الْحَيِّ إِنْ أَرَدْتُمُ الْقِرَى. قَالَ: فَلَمْ يُجِبْهَا، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ، فَجَاءَ ابْنٌ لَهَا بِأَعْنُزٍ يَسُوقُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: يَا بُنَيَّ انْطَلِقْ بِهَذِهِ الْعَنْزِ وَالشَّفْرَةِ إِلَى هَذَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، فَقُلْ لَهُمَا: تَقُولُ لَكُمَا أُمِّي: اذْبَحَا هَذِهِ وَكُلَا وَأَطْعِمَانَا. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ، قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " انْطَلِقْ بِالشَّفْرَةِ وَجِئْنِي بِالْقَدَحِ ". قَالَ: إِنَّهَا قَدْ عَزَبَتْ وَلَيْسَ بِهَا لَبَنٌ. قَالَ: " انْطَلَقْ ". فَجَاءَ بِقَدَحٍ فَمَسَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ضَرْعَهَا ثُمَّ حَلَبَ حَتَّى مَلَأَ الْقَدَحَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " انْطَلَقَ بِهِ إِلَى أُمِّكَ ". فَشَرِبَتْ حَتَّى رَوِيَتْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: " انْطَلِقْ بِهَذِهِ وَجِئْنِي بِأُخْرَى ". فَفَعَلَ بِهَا كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ سَقَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِأُخْرَى فَفَعَلَ بِهَا كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ شَرِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَبِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْنَا، فَكَانَتْ تُسَمِّيهِ الْمُبَارَكَ، وَكَثُرَتْ غَنَمُهَا حَتَّى جَلَبَتْ جَلْبًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَمَرَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَرَآهُ ابْنُهَا فَعَرَفَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّهْ، هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كَانَ مَعَ الْمُبَارَكِ. فَقَامَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، مَنِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كَانَ مَعَكَ ؟ قَالَ: أَوْ مَا تَدْرِينَ مَنْ هُوَ! قَالَتْ: لَا. قَالَ: هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ. قَالَتْ: فَأَدْخِلْنِي عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَأَدْخَلَهَا فَأَطْعَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَعْطَاهَا - زَادَ ابْنُ عَبْدَانِ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ - قَالَتْ: فَدُلَّنِي عَلَيْهِ فَانْطَلَقَتْ مَعِي، وَأَهْدَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ وَمَتَاعِ الْأَعْرَابِ. قَالَ: فَكَسَاهَا وَأَعْطَاهَا. قَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ: وَأَسْلَمَتْ. إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ. وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ شَبِيهَةٌ بِقِصَّةِ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهَا هِيَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الْمَذْحِجِيُّ، ثَنَا الْحُرُّ بْنُ الصَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ لَيْلَةَ هَاجَرَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَدَلِيلُهُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُرَيْقِطٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، فَمَرُّوا بِخَيْمَتَيْ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّةِ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ مَعْبَدٍ امْرَأَةً بَرْزَةً جَلْدَةً، تَحْتَبِي وَتَجْلِسُ بِفَنَاءِ الْخَيْمَةِ، فَتُطْعِمُ وَتَسْقِي فَسَأَلُوهَا هَلْ عِنْدَهَا لَحْمٌ أَوْ لَبَنٌ يَشْتَرُونَهُ مِنْهَا ؟ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عِنْدَهَا شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَالَتْ: لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ مَا أَعْوَزَكُمُ الْقِرَى. وَإِذَا الْقَوْمُ مُرْمِلُونَ مُسْنِتُونَ، فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا شَاةٌ فِي كَسْرِ خَيْمَتِهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: شَاةٌ خَلَّفَهَا الْجَهْدُ عَنِ الْغَنَمِ. قَالَ: " فَهَلْ بِهَا مِنْ لَبَنٍ ؟ " قَالَتْ: هِيَ أَجْهَدُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: " تَأْذَنِينَ لِي أَنْ أَحْلُبَهَا ". قَالَتْ: إِنْ كَانَ بِهَا حَلْبٌ فَاحْلُبْهَا. فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالشَّاةِ فَمَسَحَهَا، وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ وَمَسَحَ ضَرْعَهَا، وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ وَدَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ لَهَا يُرْبِضُ الرَّهْطَ، فَتَفَاجَّتْ وَاجْتَرَّتْ، فَحَلَبَ فِيهَا ثَجًّا، حَتَّى عَلَاهُ الْبَهَاءُ، فَسَقَاهَا وَسَقَى أَصْحَابَهُ، فَشَرِبُوا عَلَلًا بَعْدَ نَهَلٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا رَوُوْا شَرِبَ آخِرَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: " سَاقِي الْقَوْمِ آخِرُهُمْ ". ثُمَّ حَلَبَ فِيهِ ثَانِيًا عَوْدًا عَلَى بَدْءٍ، فَغَادَرَهُ عِنْدَهَا، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلُوا، قَالَ: فَقَلَّ مَا لَبِثَ أَنْ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ يَسُوقُ أَعَنُزًا عِجَافًا يَتَسَاوَكْنَ، هَزْلَى لَا نِقْيَ بِهِنَّ، مُخُّهُنَّ قَلِيلٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى اللَّبَنَ عَجِبَ، وَقَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ هَذَا اللَّبَنُ يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ، وَلَا حَلُوبَةَ فِي الْبَيْتِ وَالشَّاةُ عَازِبٌ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ مَرَّ بِنَا رَجُلٌ مُبَارَكٌ كَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ كَيْتَ وَكَيْتَ. فَقَالَ صِفِيهِ لِي، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرَاهُ صَاحِبَ قُرَيْشٍ الَّذِي تَطْلُبُ. فَقَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا ظَاهِرَ الْوَضَاءَةِ، حَسَنَ الْخُلُقِ، مَلِيحَ الْوَجْهِ، لَمْ تَعِبْهُ ثُجْلَةٌ، وَلَمْ تُزْرِ بِهِ صَعْلَةٌ، قَسِيمٌ وَسِيمٌ، فِي عَيْنَيْهِ دَعَجٌ، وَفِي أَشْفَارِهِ وَطَفٌ، وَفِي صَوْتِهِ صَحَلٌ، أَحْوَرُ، أَكْحَلُ، أَزَجُّ، أَقْرَنُ، فِي عُنُقِهِ سَطَعٌ، وَفِي لِحْيَتِهِ كَثَافَةٌ، إِذَا صَمَتَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْوَقَارُ، وَإِذَا تَكَلَّمَ سَمَا وَعَلَاهُ الْبَهَاءُ، حُلْوُ الْمَنْطِقِ، فَصْلٌ; لَا نَزْرٌ وَلَا هَذَرٌ، كَأَنَّ مَنْطِقَهُ خَرَزَاتُ نَظْمٍ يَنْحَدِرْنَ، أَبْهَى النَّاسِ وَأَجْمَلُهُ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ، وَأَحْلَاهُ وَأَحْسَنُهُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ، رَبْعَةٌ، لَا تَشْنَؤُهُ عَيْنٌ مِنْ طُولٍ، وَلَا تَقْتَحِمُهُ عَيْنٌ مَنْ قِصَرٍ، غُصْنٌ بَيْنَ غُصْنَيْنِ، فَهُوَ أَنْضَرُ الثَّلَاثَةِ مَنْظَرًا، وَأَحْسَنُهُمْ قَدًّا، لَهُ رُفَقَاءُ يَحُفُّونَ بِهِ، إِنْ قَالَ اسْتَمَعُوا لِقَوْلِهِ، وَإِنْ أَمَرَ تَبَادَرُوا لِأَمْرِهِ، مَحْفُودٌ مَحْشُودٌ، لَا عَابِسٌ وَلَا مُفَنَّدٌ. فَقَالَ - يَعْنِي بَعْلَهَا -: هَذَا وَاللَّهِ صَاحِبُ قُرَيْشٍ الَّذِي تَطْلُبُ، وَلَوْ صَادَفْتُهُ لَالْتَمَسْتُ أَنْ أَصْحَبَهُ، وَلَأَجْهَدَنَّ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا قَالَ: وَأَصْبَحَ صَوْتٌ بِمَكَّةَ عَالٍ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ يَسْمَعُونَهُ وَلَا يَرَوْنَ مَنْ يَقُولُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: جَزَى اللَّهُ رَبُّ النَّاسِ خَيْرَ جَزَائِهِ رَفِيقَيْنِ حَلَّا خَيْمَتَيْ أُمِّ مَعْبَدِ هُمَا نَزَلَا بِالْبِرِّ وَارْتَحَلَا بِهِ فَأَفْلَحَ مَنْ أَمْسَى رَفِيقَ مُحَمَّدِ فَيَالَ قُصَيٍّ مَا زَوَى اللَّهُ عَنْكُمُ بِهِ مِنْ فِعَالٍ لَا تُجَارَى وَسُؤْدُدِ سَلُوا أُخْتَكُمْ عَنْ شَاتِهَا وَإِنَائِهَا فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَسْأَلُوا الشَّاةَ تَشْهَدِ دَعَاهَا بِشَاةٍ حَائِلٍ فَتَحَلَّبَتْ لَهُ بِصَرِيحٍ ضَرَّةُ الشَّاةِ مُزْبِدِ فَغَادَرَهُ رَهْنًا لَدَيْهَا لِحَالِبٍ يَدُرُّ لَهَا فِي مَصْدَرٍ ثُمَّ مَوْرِدِ قَالَ: وَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ - يَعْنِي بِمَكَّةَ - وَقَدْ فَقَدُوا نَبِيَّهُمْ، فَأَخَذُوا عَلَى خَيْمَتَيْ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، حَتَّى لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: وَأَجَابَهُ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: لَقَدْ خَابَ قَوْمٌ زَالَ عَنْهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ وَقُدِّسَ مَنْ يَسْرِي إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَغْتَدِي تَرَحَّلَ عَنْ قَوْمٍ فَزَالَتْ عُقُولُهُمْ وَحَلَّ عَلَى قَوْمٍ بِنُورٍ مُجَدَّدِ وَهَلْ يَسْتَوِي ضُلَّالُ قَوْمٍ تَسَفَّهُوا عَمًى وَهُدَاةٌ يَهْتَدُونَ بِمُهْتَدِ نَبِيٌّ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ وَيَتْلُو كِتَابَ اللَّهِ فِي كُلِّ مَشْهَدِ وَإِنْ قَالَ فِي يَوْمٍ مَقَالَةَ غَائِبٍ فَتَصْدِيقُهَا فِي الْيَوْمِ أَوْ فِي ضُحَى الْغَدِ لِيَهْنِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ سَعَادَةُ جَدِّهِ بِصُحْبَتِهِ مَنْ يُسْعِدِ اللَّهُ يَسْعَدِ وَيَهْنِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ مَكَانُ فَتَاتِهِمْ وَمَقْعَدُهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِمَرْصَدِ إسلام أبا معبد قَالَ - يَعْنِي عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ وَهْبٍ -: فَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أَبَا مَعْبَدٍ أَسْلَمَ وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْمَذْحِجِيِّ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً، وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ: قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ هَاجَرَتْ وَأَسْلَمَتْ وَلَحِقَتْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مِنْ طُرُقٍ، عَنْ مُكَرَّمِ بْنِ مُحْرِزٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحْرِزِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ حِزَامِ بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ حُبَيْشِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ حُبَيْشِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أُخْرِجَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا مُهَاجِرًا، هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ، وَدَلِيلُهُمَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُرَيْقِطٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، فَمَرُّوا بِخَيْمَةِ أُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً بَرْزَةً جَلْدَةً تَحْتَبِي بِفِنَاءِ الْقُبَّةِ. وَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ سَوَاءً. قَالَ: وَحَدَّثْنَاهُ فِيمَا أَظُنُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ بْنِ مُوسَى يَعْنِي الْكُدَيْمِيَّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مَوْلَى الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ سَلِيطٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ سَلِيطٍ الْبَدْرِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ، وَابْنُ أُرَيْقِطٍ، يَدُلُّهُمْ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ، مَرَّ بِأُمِّ مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ لَا تَعْرِفُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: " يَا أُمَّ مَعْبَدٍ، هَلْ عِنْدَكِ مِنْ لَبَنٍ ؟ " قَالَتْ: لَا وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ الْغَنَمَ لَعَازِبَةٌ. قَالَ: " فَمَا هَذِهِ الشَّاةُ ؟ " قَالَتْ: خَلَّفَهَا الْجَهْدُ عَنِ الْغَنَمِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ تَمَامَ الْحَدِيثِ كَنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْقِصَصَ كُلَّهَا وَاحِدَةٌ.
Translation
✧ He passed, on his way, by Umm Maʿbad bt. Kaʿb of Banū Kaʿb b. Khuzāʿah. This was said by Ibn Hishām. Yūnus said, from Ibn Isḥāq: Her name was ʿĀtikah bt. Khālid b. Munqidh b. Rabīʿah b. Aṣram. Al-Umawī said: She is ʿĀtikah bt. Tabīʿ, the ally of Banū Munqidh b. Rabīʿah b. Aṣram b. Ḍabīs b. Ḥarām b. Ḥubshiyyah b. Kaʿb b. ʿAmr. This woman had children: Maʿbad, Naḍrah, and Ḥunaydah, the sons of Abū Maʿbad, whose name was Aktham b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Munqidh b. Rabīʿah b. Aṣram b. Ḍabīs. Her story is well-known and transmitted through paths that reinforce one another. This is the story of Umm Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿiyyah: Yūnus said, from Ibn Isḥāq: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted at the tent of Umm Maʿbad, whose name was ʿĀtikah bt. Khālid b. Munqidh b. Rabīʿah b. Aṣram. They sought hospitality, but she said: "By Allah, we have no food, no milk-animal, and no sheep except a barren ewe." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called for one of her sheep, wiped its udder with his hand, supplicated to Allah, and milked into the bowl until it frothed. He said: "Drink, O Umm Maʿbad." She said: "Drink, for you are more entitled to it." He returned it to her, and she drank. Then he called for another barren ewe and did the same with it, and drank its milk. Then he called for another barren ewe and did the same with it, and gave his guide to drink. Then he called for another barren ewe and did the same with it, and gave ʿĀmir to drink. Then he departed. Quraysh sought the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until they reached Umm Maʿbad and asked about him. They said: "Did you see Muḥammad?" They described his appearance to her in such-and-such terms. She said: "I do not know what you are saying. A milker of the barren ewe was a guest with me." Quraysh said: "That is the one we seek." Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bazzār said: Muḥammad b. Maʿmar narrated to us, Yaʿqūb b. Muḥammad narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUqbah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us, my father narrated to me, from his father, from Jābir, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū Bakr went out as emigrants and entered the cave, there was a hole in the cave, so Abū Bakr plugged it with his heel until morning, fearing that something might come out of it upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They stayed in the cave for three nights, then they departed until they alighted at the tents of Umm Maʿbad. Umm Maʿbad sent word to him: "I see handsome faces, but the tribe is better able to honor you than I am." When evening came upon them at her place, she sent with a young son of hers a knife and a sheep. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Return the knife and bring me a faraq"—meaning the bowl. She sent word to him that it had no milk and no young. He said: "Bring me a faraq." She brought a faraq, and he struck its back, and it chewed cud and gave milk. He milked and filled the bowl, drank, and gave Abū Bakr to drink. Then he milked again and sent it to Umm Maʿbad. Then al-Bazzār said: We do not know it to be transmitted except through this chain, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUqbah—we know no one who narrated from him except Yaʿqūb b. Muḥammad, though he is known in lineage. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī narrated from the ḥadīth of Yaḥyā b. Zakariyyā b. Abī Zāʾidah: Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Laylā narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Aṣbahānī narrated to us: I heard ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Laylā narrating from Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, who said: I went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Makkah, and we ended up at a settlement of the Arab settlements. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked toward a house set apart and made for it. When we alighted, there was no one in it but a woman. She said: "O servant of Allah, I am only a woman, and no one is with me, so upon you two is the chief of the settlement if you want hospitality." He did not answer her, and that was at evening. Then a son of hers came with goats driving them. She said: "O my son, take this goat and the knife to these two men and tell them: My mother says to you two: slaughter this and eat and feed us." When he came, the Prophet ﷺ said to him: "Take the knife and bring me the bowl." He said: "She has gone dry and has no milk." He said: "Go." He brought a bowl, and the Prophet ﷺ wiped its udder, then milked until he filled the bowl. Then he said: "Take it to your mother." She drank until she quenched her thirst. Then he brought it back, and he said: "Take this and bring me another." He did the same with it, then gave Abū Bakr to drink. Then he brought another and did the same with it, then the Prophet ﷺ drank. We spent our night, then departed. She used to call him al-Mubārak (the Blessed One), and her sheep multiplied until she brought a drove to Madinah. Abū Bakr passed by, and her son saw him and recognized him. He said: "O mother, this is the man who was with al-Mubārak." She stood up to him and said: "O servant of Allah, who is the man who was with you?" He said: "Do you not know who he is?" She said: "No." He said: "He is the Prophet of Allah." She said: "Then bring me to him." He said: So he brought her in, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fed her and gave her—Ibn ʿAbdān added in his version—She said: "Then show me to him," and she went with me, and she gave the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a gift of some dried curd and Bedouin goods. He said: He clothed her and gave her. He said: I do not think he said anything except: And she accepted Islam. The chain is good. Al-Bayhaqī said: This story is similar to the story of Umm Maʿbad, and it appears that it is her. And Allah knows best. Al-Bayhaqī said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us, both saying: Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Aṣamm narrated to us, al-Ḥasan b. Mukram narrated to us, Abū Aḥmad Bishr b. Muḥammad al-Sukkarī narrated to me, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Wahb al-Madhḥijī narrated to us, al-Ḥurr b. al-Ṣayyāḥ narrated to us, from Abū Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿī, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out on the night he emigrated from Makkah to Madinah, he and Abū Bakr, and ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah, the freedman of Abū Bakr, and their guide ʿAbd Allāh b. Urayqiṭ al-Laythī. They passed by the two tents of Umm Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿiyyah. Umm Maʿbad was a sturdy, tough woman who would sit cross-legged in the courtyard of the tent, feeding and giving drink. They asked her whether she had any meat or milk that they could buy from her, but they found nothing of that with her. She said: "If we had anything, hospitality would not fail you." The people were exhausted and emaciated. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked and saw a sheep in the shelter of her tent. He said: "What is this sheep, O Umm Maʿbad?" She said: "A sheep left behind by hardship from the flock." He said: "Does it have any milk?" She said: "It is too weak for that." He said: "Do you permit me to milk it?" She said: "If it has any milk, milk it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called for the sheep and wiped it, mentioned the name of Allah, wiped its udder, mentioned the name of Allah, and called for a vessel of hers that could hold a group. It spread its legs and chewed cud, and he milked into it a flowing stream until froth rose above it. He gave her to drink and gave his companions to drink, and they drank again after first drinking, until when they had quenched their thirst, the last of them drank. He said: "The cupbearer of the people is the last of them." Then he milked into it a second time, returning after beginning, and left it with her. Then they departed. He said: It was not long before her husband Abū Maʿbad came driving lean goats, staggering, thin, with no marrow in them, their marrow was little. When he saw the milk, he marveled and said: "Where is this milk from, O Umm Maʿbad, when there is no milch animal in the house and the sheep is dry?" She said: "No, by Allah, a blessed man passed by us, and of his affair it was such-and-such." He said: "Describe him to me, for by Allah, I think he is the companion of Quraysh whom they seek." She said: I saw a man of evident purity, good character, handsome face. No paunch disfigured him, nor did a small head detract from him. He was comely and graceful. In his eyes there was deep blackness, in his eyelashes there was thickness, in his voice there was a slight hoarseness. He had large black eyes, naturally darkened eyelids, arched eyebrows, joined eyebrows. In his neck there was a shining smoothness, and in his beard there was thickness. When he was silent, dignity rested upon him, and when he spoke, he rose above, and splendor enveloped him. His speech was sweet and decisive, neither too little nor too much. His speech was like strung beads falling. He was the brightest and most beautiful of people from afar, and the sweetest and fairest of them from near. He was of medium height. No eye disdained him for tallness, nor did any eye dismiss him for shortness. He was a branch between two branches, and he was the freshest of the three in appearance and the best of them in stature. He had companions surrounding him. If he spoke, they listened to his words, and if he commanded, they hastened to his command. He was attended and surrounded, neither frowning nor feeble-minded. He said—meaning her husband—: "This, by Allah, is the companion of Quraysh whom they seek. If I had encountered him, I would have sought to accompany him, and I will strive if I find a way to that." He said: And a voice arose in Makkah, high between heaven and earth, which they heard but did not see who spoke, saying: May Allah, Lord of the people, reward with the best of His reward two companions who alighted at the two tents of Umm Maʿbad. They alighted with goodness and departed with it. May he prosper who becomes the companion of Muḥammad. O people of Quṣayy, what has Allah turned away from you of deeds that cannot be rivaled and of lordship. Ask your sister about her sheep and her vessel, for if you ask the sheep, it will testify. He called for a barren ewe, and it gave milk for him with pure milk, the udder of the sheep frothing. He left it as a pledge with her for a milker, flowing for her at the watering-place, then at the returning-place. He said: And the people arose—meaning in Makkah—having missed their Prophet, and they took to the two tents of Umm Maʿbad, until they caught up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: And Ḥassān b. Thābit answered him: A people have failed from whom their Prophet departed, and sanctified is the one who travels by night to them and goes forth. He departed from a people whose minds departed, and he alighted upon a people with renewed light. Can the misguided of a people who act foolishly be equal to the blind, and the guided who are guided by a guide? A Prophet who sees what the people around him do not see, and recites the Book of Allah in every assembly. And if he speaks one day the speech of one who knows the unseen, its confirmation comes on that day or in the forenoon of the next. May it please Abū Bakr, the felicity of his fortune, with his companionship of him whom Allah makes happy, and he is happy. And may it please Banū Kaʿb the place of their young woman and her seat for the Muslims as a watch-post. The Islam of Abū Maʿbad: He said—meaning ʿAbd al-Malik b. Wahb—: It reached me that Abū Maʿbad accepted Islam and emigrated to the Prophet ﷺ. Thus al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Nuʿaym narrated it from the path of ʿAbd al-Malik b. Wahb al-Madhḥijī, and he mentioned the same exactly, and added at its end: ʿAbd al-Malik said: It reached me that Umm Maʿbad emigrated and accepted Islam and joined the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then Abū Nuʿaym narrated it through paths from Mukarram b. Muḥriz al-Kaʿbī al-Khuzāʿī, from his father Muḥriz b. Mahdī, from Ḥizām b. Hishām b. Ḥubaysh b. Khālid, from his father, from his grandfather Ḥubaysh b. Khālid, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was expelled from Makkah, he went out from it as an emigrant, he and Abū Bakr, and ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah, and their guide ʿAbd Allāh b. Urayqiṭ al-Laythī. They passed by the tent of Umm Maʿbad, and she was a sturdy, tough woman who sat cross-legged in the courtyard of the dome. And he mentioned the same as what preceded exactly. He said: And it was narrated to us, as I think, by Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Makhlad: Muḥammad b. Yūnus b. Mūsā, meaning al-Kudaymī, narrated to us, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the freedman of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, narrated to us, Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Salīṭ al-Anṣārī narrated to us, my father narrated to me, from his father Salīṭ al-Badrī, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out in the Hijrah, and with him were Abū Bakr, ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah, and Ibn Urayqiṭ guiding them on the way, he passed by Umm Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿiyyah, and she did not know him. He said to her: "O Umm Maʿbad, do you have any milk?" She said: "No, by Allah, the sheep are dry." He said: "What is this sheep?" She said: "Hardship left it behind from the flock." Then he mentioned the rest of the ḥadīth similar to what preceded. Then al-Bayhaqī said: It is possible that all these stories are one.
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