Tarikh (al-Tabari) 824
The polytheists' harm to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after the death of Abu Talib and Khadijah, and what occurred regarding the journey to al-Ta'if
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا هَلَكَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ نَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْأَذَى مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَنَالُهُ مِنْهُ فِي حَيَاةِ عَمِّهِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ، يَلْتَمِسُ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ النُّصْرَةَ وَالْمَنَعَةَ بِهِمْ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَرَجَاءَ أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا مِنْهُ مَا جَاءَهُمْ بِهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَحْدَهُ، فَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا انْتَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ، عَمَدَ إِلَى نَفَرٍ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ، هُمْ سَادَةُ ثَقِيفٍ وَأَشْرَافُهُمْ، وَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ: عَبْدُ يَالِيلَ، وَمَسْعُودٌ، وَحَبِيبٌ، بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ بْنِ غِيَرَةَ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ ثَقِيفٍ، وَعِنْدَ أَحَدِهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ بَنِي جُمَحَ، فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ، وَكَلَّمَهُمْ بِمَا جَاءَهُمْ لَهُ مِنْ نُصْرَتِهِ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَالْقِيَامِ مَعَهُ عَلَى مَنْ خَالَفَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: هُوَ يَمْرُطُ ثِيَابَ الْكَعْبَةِ إِنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ أَرْسَلَكَ. وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: أَمَا وَجَدَ اللَّهُ أَحَدًا أَرْسَلَهُ غَيْرَكَ ؟ وَقَالَ الثَّالِثُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُكَلِّمُكَ أَبَدًا; لَئِنْ كُنْتَ رَسُولًا مِنَ اللَّهِ كَمَا تَقُولُ، لَأَنْتَ أَعْظَمُ خَطَرًا مِنْ أَنْ أَرُدَّ عَلَيْكَ الْكَلَامَ، وَلَئِنْ كُنْتَ تَكْذِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ، مَا يَنْبَغِي لِي أَنْ أُكَلِّمَكَ. فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ، وَقَدْ يَئِسَ مِنْ خَيْرِ ثَقِيفٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ لَهُمْ - فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لِي -: " إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ، فَاكْتُمُوا عَلَيَّ ". وَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ قَوْمَهُ عَنْهُ فَيُذْئِرَهُمْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا وَأَغْرَوْا بِهِ سُفَهَاءَهُمْ وَعَبِيدَهُمْ، يَسُبُّونَهُ وَيَصِيحُونَ بِهِ، حَتَّى اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، وَأَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى حَائِطٍ لِعَتَبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَشَيْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَهُمَا فِيهِ، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ مِنْ سُفَهَاءِ ثَقِيفٍ مَنْ كَانَ يَتْبَعُهُ، فَعَمَدَ إِلَى ظِلِّ حَبَلَةٍ مِنْ عِنَبٍ فَجَلَسَ فِيهِ، وَابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَيْهِ، وَيَرَيَانِ مَا يَلْقَى مِنْ سُفَهَاءِ أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ - وَقَدْ لَقِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لِي، الْمَرْأَةَ التِي مِنْ بَنِي جُمَحَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: " مَاذَا لَقِينَا مِنْ أَحْمَائِكِ! ". فَلَمَّا اطْمَأَنَّ، قَالَ - فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لِي -: اللَّهُمَّ إِلَيْكَ أَشْكُو ضَعْفَ قُوَّتِي، وَقِلَّةَ حِيلَتِي، وَهَوَانِي عَلَى النَّاسِ، يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، أَنْتَ رَبُّ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ، وَأَنْتَ رَبِّي، إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنِي ؟ إِلَى بِعِيدٍ يَتَجَهَّمُنِي، أَمْ إِلَى عَدُوٍّ مَلَّكْتَهُ أَمْرِي ؟ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِكَ غَضَبٌ عَلَيَّ فَلَا أُبَالِي، وَلَكِنَّ عَافِيَتَكَ هِيَ أَوْسَعُ لِي، أَعُوذُ بِنُورِ وَجْهِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ الظُّلُمَاتُ، وَصَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ مِنْ أَنْ تُنْزِلَ بِي غَضَبَكَ، أَوْ تُحِلَّ عَلَيَّ سَخَطَكَ، لَكَ الْعُتْبَى حَتَّى تَرْضَى، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ ". هَكَذَا أَوْرَدَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي كِتَابِهِ " السِّيرَةِ " هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ إِسْنَادٍ، بَلْ ذَكَرَهُ مُعَلَّقًا بِصِيغَةِ الْبَلَاغِ، فَقَالَ: فِيمَا ذُكِرَ لِي. وَقَدْ رَوَيَ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ الرَّسْعَنِيِّ، شَيْخِ النَّسَائِيِّ والطَّبَرَانِيِّ وَغَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ، بِسَنَدِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِهِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ، خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ مَاشِيًا عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ، فَانْصَرَفَ إِلَى ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِلَيْكَ أَشْكُو ضَعْفَ قُوَّتِي، وَقِلَّةَ حِيلَتِي، وَهَوَانِي عَلَى النَّاسِ، أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ، أَنْتَ أَرْحَمُ بِي، إِلَى مَنْ تَكِلُنِي ؟ إِلَى عَدُوٍّ يَتَجَهَّمُنِي، أَمْ إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مَلَّكْتَهُ أَمْرِي ؟ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ غَضْبَانَ عَلَيَّ فَلَا أُبَالِي، غَيْرَ أَنَّ عَافِيَتَكَ هِيَ أَوْسَعُ لِي، أَعُوذُ بِنُورِ وَجْهِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ لَهُ الظُّلُمَاتُ، وَصَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ مِنْ أَنْ تُنْزِلَ بِي غَضَبَكَ، أَوْ تُحِلَّ عَلَيَّ سَخَطَكَ، لَكَ الْعُتْبَى حَتَّى تَرْضَى، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِكَ ". قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فِلْمًا رَآهُ ابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ عُتْبَةُ وَشَيْبَةُ وَمَا لَقِيَ، تَحَرَّكَتْ لَهُ رَحِمُهُمَا، فَدَعَوَا غُلَامًا نَصْرَانِيًّا يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَدَّاسٌ. فَقَالَا لَهُ: خُذْ قِطْفًا مِنْ هَذَا الْعِنَبِ، فَضَعْهُ فِي هَذَا الطَّبَقِ، ثُمَّ اذْهَبْ بِهِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ، فَقُلْ لَهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهُ، فَفَعَلَ عَدَّاسٌ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ بِهِ حَتَّى وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: كُلْ. فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ فِيهِ، قَالَ: " بِسْمِ اللَّهِ "، ثُمَّ أَكَلَ، فَنَظَرَ عَدَّاسٌ فِي وَجْهِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ مَا يَقُولُهُ أَهْلُ هَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ! فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " وَمِنْ أَهْلِ أَيِّ بِلَادٍ أَنْتَ يَا عَدَّاسُ ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ ؟ ". قَالَ: نَصْرَانِيٌّ، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ نِينَوَى. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مِنْ قَرْيَةِ الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ يُونُسَ بْنِ مَتَّى ؟ ". فَقَالَ لَهُ عَدَّاسٌ: وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ مَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مَتَّى ؟ ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " ذَلِكَ أَخِي، كَانَ نَبِيًّا وَأَنَا نَبِيٌّ ". فَأَكَبَّ عَدَّاسٌ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقَبِّلُ رَأْسَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ وَقَدَمَيْهِ. قَالَ: يَقُولُ ابْنَاءُ رَبِيعَةَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: أَمَّا غُلَامُكَ فَقَدْ أَفْسَدَهُ عَلَيْكَ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمَا عَدَّاسٌ، قَالَا لَهُ: وَيْلَكَ يَا عَدَّاسُ، مَا لَكَ تُقَبِّلُ رَأْسَ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ وَيَدَيْهِ وَقَدَمَيْهِ ؟ قَالَ: يَا سَيِّدِي، مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ شَيْءٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا، لَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي بِأَمْرٍ مَا يَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ. قَالَا لَهُ: وَيْحَكَ يَا عَدَّاسُ، لَا يَصْرِفَنَّكَ عَنْ دِينِكَ; فَإِنَّ دِينَكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ دِينِهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ نَحْوًا مِنْ هَذَا السِّيَاقِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الدُّعَاءَ، وَزَادَ: وَقَعَدَ لَهُ أَهْلُ الطَّائِفِ صَفَّيْنِ عَلَى طَرِيقِهِ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ جَعَلُوا لَا يَرْفَعُ رِجْلَيْهِ، وَلَا يَضَعُهُمَا، إِلَّا رَضَخُوهُمَا بِالْحِجَارَةِ حَتَّى أَدْمَوْهُ، فَخَلَصَ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمَا يَسِيلَانِ الدِّمَاءَ، فَعَمَدَ إِلَى ظِلِّ حَبَلَةٍ، وَهُوَ مَكْرُوبٌ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ الْحَائِطِ عُتْبَةُ وَشَيْبَةُ ابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ فَكَرِهَ مَكَانَهُمَا; لِعَدَاوَتِهِمَا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ عَدَّاسٍ النَّصْرَانِيِّ كَنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الطَّائِفِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي جَبَلٍ الْعَدْوَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ أَبْصَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَشْرِقِ ثَقِيفٍ، وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى قَوْسٍ - أَوْ عَصًى - حِينَ أَتَاهُمْ يَبْتَغِي عِنْدَهُمُ النَّصْرَ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقْرَأُ: وَالسَّمَاءِ وَالطَّارِقِ [ الطَّارِقِ: 1 ] حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا. قَالَ: فَوَعَيْتُهَا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَنَا مُشْرِكٌ، ثُمَّ قَرَأْتُهَا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ فَدَعَتْنِي ثَقِيفٌ، فَقَالُوا: مَاذَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ ؟ فَقَرَأْتُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ: نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِصَاحِبِنَا، لَوْ كُنَّا نَعْلَمُ مَا يَقُولُ حَقًّا لَاتَّبَعْنَاهُ. وَثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ طَرِيقِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ حَدَّثَتْهُ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هَلْ أَتَى عَلَيْكَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ أَشَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ ؟ قَالَ: " لَقَدْ لَقِيتُ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ مَا لَقِيتُ، وَكَانَ أَشَدُّ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْعَقَبَةِ، إِذْ عَرَضْتُ نَفْسِي عَلَى ابْنِ عَبْدِ يَالِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ كُلَالٍ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْنِي إِلَى مَا أَرَدْتُ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ وَأَنَا مَهْمُومٌ عَلَى وَجْهِي، فَلَمْ أَسْتَفِقْ إِلَّا وَأَنَا بِقَرْنِ الثَّعَالِبِ، فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي، فَإِذَا أَنَا بِسَحَابَةٍ قَدْ أَظَلَّتْنِي، فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا فِيهَا جِبْرِيلُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، فَنَادَانِي، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ سَمِعَ قَوْلَ قَوْمِكَ لَكَ، وَمَا رَدُّوا عَلَيْكَ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَ إِلَيْكَ مَلَكَ الْجِبَالِ لِتَأْمُرَهُ بِمَا شِئْتَ فِيهِمْ. ثُمَّ نَادَانِي مَلَكُ الْجِبَالِ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ سَمِعَ قَوْلَ قَوْمِكَ لَكَ، وَأَنَا مَلَكُ الْجِبَالِ قَدْ بَعَثَنِي إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ; لِتَأْمُرَنِي بِأَمْرِكَ، فَمَا شِئْتَ ؟ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ أُطْبِقَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَخْشَبَيْنِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " بَلْ أَرْجُو أَنْ يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَصْلَابِهِمْ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ، لَا يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا ".
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: When Abū Ṭālib died, Quraysh inflicted upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ harm such as they had not been able to inflict upon him during the lifetime of his uncle Abū Ṭālib. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to al-Ṭāʾif, seeking from Thaqīf support and protection through them from his own people, and hoping that they would accept from him what he brought them from Allah, the Exalted. He went out to them alone. Yazīd b. Abī Ziyād related to me, from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached al-Ṭāʾif, he went to a group of Thaqīf, who were the leaders and nobles of Thaqīf. They were three brothers: ʿAbd Yālīl, Masʿūd, and Ḥabīb, the sons of ʿAmr b. ʿUmayr b. ʿAwf b. ʿUqdah b. Ghiyarah b. ʿAwf b. Thaqīf. One of them had with him a woman from Quraysh, from Banū Jumaḥ. He sat with them and called them to Allah, and spoke to them about what he had come to them for: to support him in Islam, and to stand with him against those of his people who opposed him. One of them said: "He is tearing off the coverings of the Kaʿbah, if Allah has sent you." Another said: "Did Allah not find anyone else to send but you?" The third said: "By Allah, I will never speak to you. If you are a messenger from Allah as you claim, you are of too great importance for me to answer you back; and if you are lying about Allah, it is not proper for me to speak to you." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rose from them, having despaired of any good from Thaqīf. He had said to them — as was mentioned to me —: "If you have done what you have done, then keep it secret from me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked that his people should hear about it and be provoked against him. But they did not do so. They incited their foolish ones and their slaves against him, who insulted him and shouted at him, until people gathered around him. They forced him to a wall belonging to ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah and Shaybah b. Rabīʿah, who were inside it. The foolish ones of Thaqīf who had been following him turned back from him. He made for the shade of a vine of grapes and sat in it, while the two sons of Rabīʿah looked at him and saw what he was suffering from the foolish ones of the people of al-Ṭāʾif. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had met — as was mentioned to me — the woman who was from Banū Jumaḥ, and said to her: "What we have met from your in-laws!" When he sat down, he said — as was mentioned to me: "O Allah, to You I complain of my weakness of strength, my lack of resources, and my humiliation before people. O Most Merciful of the merciful, You are the Lord of the weak, and You are my Lord. To whom do You entrust me? To a distant one who frowns at me, or to an enemy to whom You have given power over my affair? If there is no anger from You upon me, I do not care. But Your pardon is more ample for me. I seek refuge in the light of Your face, by which the darknesses are illuminated and the affairs of this world and the next are set aright, from Your sending down Your anger upon me or causing Your displeasure to descend upon me. To You belongs the right to reproach until You are pleased. There is no power and no strength except through You." Thus Ibn Isḥāq cited this supplication in his book "al-Sīrah" without a chain of transmission; rather he mentioned it in suspended form with the wording of report, saying: "as was mentioned to me." The ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir, in the biography of al-Qāsim b. al-Layth al-Rasʿanī, the shaykh of al-Nasāʾī, al-Ṭabarānī, and more than one, related with his chain from his ḥadīth: Muḥammad b. Abī Ṣafwān al-Thaqafī related to me: Wahb b. Jarīr b. Ḥāzim related to us: my father related to us, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, from Hishām b. ʿUrwah, from his father, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar, who said: When Abū Ṭālib died, the Prophet ﷺ went out to al-Ṭāʾif on foot. He said: He called them to Islam, but they did not respond to him. He turned away to the shade of a tree, prayed two rakʿahs, then said: "O Allah, to You I complain of my weakness of strength, my lack of resources, and my humiliation before people. O Most Merciful of the merciful, You are more merciful to me. To whom do You entrust me? To an enemy who frowns at me, or to a relative to whom You have given power over my affair? If You are not angry with me, I do not care, except that Your pardon is more ample for me. I seek refuge in the light of Your face, by which the darknesses are illuminated and the affairs of this world and the next are set aright, from Your sending down Your anger upon me or causing Your displeasure to descend upon me. To You belongs the right to reproach until You are pleased. There is no power and no strength except through You." Ibn Isḥāq said: When the two sons of Rabīʿah, ʿUtbah and Shaybah, saw him and what he had suffered, their compassion for him was stirred. They called a Christian slave named ʿAddās and said to him: "Take a bunch of these grapes, place it on this platter, then go to that man and tell him to eat from it." ʿAddās did so, then took it and placed it before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then said to him: "Eat." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ put his hand in it, he said: "In the name of Allah," then ate. ʿAddās looked at his face, then said: "By Allah, this is a speech the people of this land do not utter!" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "From which land are you, O ʿAddās, and what is your religion?" He said: "I am a Christian, and I am a man from the people of Nineveh." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "From the town of the righteous man Jonah son of Mattā?" ʿAddās said to him: "And what makes you know who Jonah son of Mattā is?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "That is my brother. He was a prophet, and I am a prophet." ʿAddās fell upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, kissing his head, his hands, and his feet. He said: The two sons of Rabīʿah said to one another: "As for your slave, he has corrupted him for you." When ʿAddās came to them, they said to him: "Woe to you, O ʿAddās! What is the matter with you that you kiss the head, hands, and feet of this man?" He said: "My masters, there is nothing on earth better than this man. He told me something that none but a prophet knows." They said to him: "Woe to you, O ʿAddās! Do not let him turn you away from your religion, for your religion is better than his." Mūsā b. ʿUqbah mentioned something similar to this account, except that he did not mention the supplication, and he added: The people of al-Ṭāʾif sat in two rows along his path. When he passed, they did not let him lift his feet or set them down without pelting them with stones until they made him bleed. He escaped from them while his feet were streaming with blood. He made for the shade of a vine, while he was distressed. In that wall were ʿUtbah and Shaybah, the two sons of Rabīʿah, and he disliked their presence because of their enmity to Allah and His Messenger. Then he mentioned the story of the Christian ʿAddās similar to what preceded. Imām Aḥmad narrated, from Abū Bakr b. Abī Shaybah: Marwān b. Muʿāwiyah al-Fazārī related to us, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṭāʾifī, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Khālid b. Abī Jabal al-ʿAdwānī, from his father, that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the east of Thaqīf, standing on a bow — or a staff — when he came to them seeking support among them. He said: I heard him reciting: "By the sky and the night comer" [al-Ṭāriq: 1] until he completed it. He said: I memorized it in the Age of Ignorance while I was a polytheist, then I recited it in Islam. He said: Thaqīf called me and said: "What did you hear from this man?" I recited it to them, and those of Quraysh who were with them said: "We know our companion better. If we knew that what he says is true, we would have followed him." It is established in the "Ṣaḥīḥayn" from the path of ʿAbd Allāh b. Wahb: Yūnus b. Yazīd informed me, from Ibn Shihāb, who said: ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr informed me that ʿĀʾishah related to him that she said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Has there ever been a day more severe upon you than the day of Uḥud?" He said: "I have met from your people what I have met, and the most severe of what I met from them was the day of al-ʿAqabah, when I presented myself to Ibn ʿAbd Yālīl b. ʿAbd Kulāl, and he did not respond to what I wanted. I went away, distressed, not coming to my senses until I was at Qarn al-Thaʿālib. I raised my head, and there was a cloud that had shaded me. I looked, and in it was Jibrīl ﷺ. He called me and said: 'Allah has heard what your people said to you and how they responded to you. He has sent to you the angel of the mountains, so that you may command him to do whatever you wish with them.' Then the angel of the mountains called me, greeted me, and said: 'O Muḥammad, Allah has heard what your people said to you. I am the angel of the mountains. Your Lord has sent me to you, so that you may command me with your order. What do you wish? If you wish, I will crush them between the two mountains.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Rather, I hope that Allah will bring forth from their loins those who worship Allah alone, associating nothing with Him.'"
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