Tarikh (al-Tabari) 819
The Night Journey and the Ascension
وَفَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً. فَرَجَعَ حَتَّى مَرَّ عَلَى مُوسَى فَقَالَ لَهُ: بِمَ أُمِرْتَ ؟ قَالَ: بِخَمْسِينَ صَلَاةً، قَالَ: إِنَّ أُمَّتَكَ لَا تُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ، ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التّخْفِيفَ لِأُمَّتِكَ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَى جِبْرِيلَ كَأَنَّهُ يَسْتَشِيرُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَشَارَ أَنْ نَعَمْ إِنْ شِئْتَ، فَعَلَا بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ حَتَّى أَتَى بِهِ الْجَبَّارَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، وَهُوَ فِي مَكَانِهِ. هَذَا لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ فِي بَعْضِ الطُّرُقِ، فَوَضَعَ عَنْهُ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ حَتَى مَرَّ بِمُوسَى فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ التَّخْفِيفَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَرَدَّدُ بَيْنَ مُوسَى وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ حَتَى جَعَلَهَا خَمْسًا، فَأَمَرَهُ مُوسَى بِالرُّجُوعِ وَسُؤَالِ التَّخْفِيفِ، فَقَالَ: قَدِ اسْتَحْيَيْتُ مِنْ رَبِّي، وَلَكِنْ أَرْضَى وَأُسَلِّمُ، فَلَمَّا بَعُدَ نَادَى مُنَادٍ: قَدْ أَمْضَيْتُ فَرِيضَتِي، وَخَفَّفْتُ عَنْ عِبَادِي. فَصْلٌ وَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ صَبِيحَةِ لَيْلَةِ الْإِسْرَاءِ، جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عِنْدَ الزَّوَالِ، فَبَيَّنَ لَهُ كَيْفِيَّةَ الصَّلَاةِ وَأَوْقَاتَهَا، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ فَاجْتَمَعُوا، وَصَلَّى بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ إِلَى الْغَدِ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَأْتَمُّونَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقْتَدِي بِجِبْرِيلَ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَجَابِرٍ، أَمَّنِي جِبْرِيلُ عِنْدَ الْبَيْتِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْوَقْتَيْنِ، فَهُمَا الْأَوَّلُ وَالْآخِرُ، وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الْوَقْتُ الْمُوَسَّعُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ تَوْسِعَةً فِي وَقْتِ الْمَغْرِبِ. وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى وَبُرَيْدَةَ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَكُلُّهَا فِي " صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ " وَمَوْضِعُ بَسْطِ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِنَا الْأَحْكَامِ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ. فَأَمَّا مَا ثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُفْيَانَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: فُرِضَتِ الصَّلَاةُ أَوَّلَ مَا فُرِضَتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ السَّفَرِ، وَزِيدَ فِي صَلَاةِ الْحَضَرِ. وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَرَوَاهُ الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْهَا. وَهَذَا مُشْكِلٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ كَانَتْ تُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ فِي السَّفَرِ، وَكَذَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا [ النِّسَاءِ: 101 ]. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ إِلَى أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ أَوَّلَ مَا فُرِضَتْ أَرْبَعًا، كَمَا ذَكَرَهُ مُرْسَلًا مِنْ صِلَاتِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ صَبِيحَةَ الْإِسْرَاءِ الظُّهْرَ أَرْبَعًا، وَالْعَصْرَ أَرْبَعًا، وَالْمَغْرِبَ ثَلَاثًا، يَجْهَرُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ، وَالْعِشَاءَ أَرْبَعًا يَجْهَرُ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ، وَالصُّبْحَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ يَجْهَرُ فِيهِمَا. قُلْتُ: فَلَعَلَّ عَائِشَةَ أَرَادَتْ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْإِسْرَاءِ تَكُونُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا فُرِضَتِ الْخَمْسُ فُرِضَتْ حَضَرًا عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَرُخِّصَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَنَّ يُصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، كَمَا كَانَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَيْهِ قَدِيمًا وَعَلَى هَذَا لَا يَبْقَى إِشْكَالٌ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ And He imposed upon him fifty prayers. So he returned until he passed by Mūsā, who said to him: “With what have you been commanded?” He said: “Fifty prayers.” He said: “Your community will not be able to bear that. Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction for your community.” So he turned to Jibrīl as if consulting him about that, and he indicated: “Yes, if you wish.” So Jibrīl ascended with him until he brought him to the Compeller, Blessed and Exalted, while He was in His place. This is the wording of al-Bukhārī in some of the chains. So He removed ten from him, then he descended until he passed by Mūsā and informed him. He said: “Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction.” So he kept going back and forth between Mūsā and God, Mighty and Majestic, until He made them five. Then Mūsā commanded him to return and ask for a reduction, but he said: “I have become shy before my Lord, but I am content and I submit.” When he had gone away, a caller called out: “I have decreed My obligatory duty and lightened it for My servants. Section When the Messenger of God ﷺ awoke on the morning after the Night Journey, Jibrīl came to him at the time of the sun's decline and explained to him the manner of the prayer and its times. The Messenger of God ﷺ commanded his Companions, and they gathered. Jibrīl prayed with him that day until the next day, with the Muslims following the Prophet ﷺ, and he following Jibrīl, as in the hadith from Ibn ʿAbbās and Jābir: “Jibrīl led me in prayer at the House twice, and he explained to him the two times, which are the first and the last, and what is between them is the ample time, and he did not mention any extension in the time of Maghrib.” This is established in the hadith of Abū Mūsā, Buraydah, and ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr, all of which are in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. The place for elaborating that is in our book al-Aḥkām, and praise be to God. As for what is established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī by way of Sufyān from al-Zuhrī from ʿUrwah from ʿĀʾishah, she said: “The prayer was first prescribed as two rakʿahs, then the prayer of travel was left as it was, and the prayer of residence was increased.” Likewise al-Awzāʿī narrated it from al-Zuhrī, and al-Shaʿbī narrated it from Masrūq from her. This is problematic because ʿĀʾishah used to complete the prayer during travel, as did ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. We have discussed that in connection with His saying, Exalted: “And when you travel in the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer, if you fear that those who disbelieve may put you in trial” [al-Nisāʾ: 101]. Al-Bayhaqī said: “Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī held that the resident prayer was initially prescribed as four, as he mentioned in mursal form from his ﷺ prayer on the morning of the Night Journey: the noon prayer as four, the afternoon prayer as four, the sunset prayer as three, reciting aloud in the first two, the evening prayer as four, reciting aloud in the first two, and the dawn prayer as two, reciting aloud in both.” I say: Perhaps ʿĀʾishah meant that the prayer before the Night Journey used to be two rakʿahs, two rakʿahs; then when the five were prescribed, they were prescribed for the resident as they are now, and permission was given for travel that one may pray two rakʿahs, as the matter had been originally. On this basis no problem remains at all, and God knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.