Tarikh (al-Tabari) 793
The Night Journey and the Ascension
فَصْلٌ فِي الْإِسْرَاءِ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، ثُمَّ عُرُوجِهِ مِنْ هُنَاكَ إِلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ، وَمَا رَأَى هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ أَحَادِيثَ الْإِسْرَاءِ فِي أَوَائِلِ الْبَعْثَةِ، وَأَمَّا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَذَكَرَهَا فِي هَذَا الْمَوْطِنِ بَعْدَ الْبِعْثَةِ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أُسَرِي بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بِسَنَةٍ. قَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ. ثُمَّ رَوَى عَنِ الْحَاكِمِ عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَسْبَاطِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّدِّيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فُرِضَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَمْسُ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ لَيْلَةَ أُسَرِيَ بِهِ، قَبْلَ مُهَاجَرِهِ بِسِتَّةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا. فَعَلَى قَوْلِ السُّدِّيِّ يَكُونُ الْإِسْرَاءُ فِي شَهْرِ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ، وَعَلَى قَوْلِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَعُرْوَةَ يَكُونُ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ: حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مِينَا عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَا: وُلِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ الْفِيلِ، يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ الثَّانِيَ عَشَرَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَفِيهِ بُعِثَ، وَفِيهِ عُرِجَ بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَفِيهِ هَاجَرَ وَفِيهِ مَاتَ. فِيهِ انْقِطَاعٌ. وَقَدِ اخْتَارَهُ الْحَافِظُ عَبْدُ الْغَنِيِّ بْنُ سُرُورٍ الْمَقْدِسِيُّ فِي " سِيرَتِهِ "، وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ حَدِيثًا لَا يَصِحُّ سَنَدُهُ، ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي " فَضَائِلِ شَهْرِ رَجَبٍ "، أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ كَانَ لَيْلَةَ السَّابِعِ وَالْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْإِسْرَاءَ كَانَ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةِ جُمْعَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَجَبٍ، وَهِيَ لَيْلَةُ الرَّغَائِبِ الَّتِي أُحْدِثَتْ فِيهَا الصَّلَاةُ الْمَشْهُورَةُ، وَلَا أَصْلَ لِذَلِكَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَيَنْشُدُ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ عُرِّجَ بِالنَّبِيِّ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَوَّلَ رَجَبِ وَهَذَا الشِّعْرُ عَلَيْهِ رَكَاكَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ اسْتِشْهَادًا لِمَنْ يَقُولُ بِهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا الْأَحَادِيثَ الْوَارِدَةَ فِي ذَلِكَ مُسْتَقْصَاةً، عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 1 ] فَلْتُكْتَبْ مِنْ هُنَاكَ عَلَى مَا هِيَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَسَانِيدِ وَالْعَزْوِ وَالْكَلَامِ عَلَيْهَا، وَمَعَهَا، فَفِيهَا مَقْنَعٌ وَكِفَايَةٌ. وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. [ حَدِيثُ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ عَنْ مَسْرَاهُ ﷺ ] قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئِ بِنْتِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ، وَاسْمُهَا هِنْدٌ، فِي مَسْرَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ: مَا أُسْرِيَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَّا وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِي، نَامَ عِنْدِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فِي بَيْتِي، فَصَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ، ثُمَّ نَامَ وَنِمْنَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ قُبَيْلَ الْفَجْرِ أَهَبَّنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الصُّبْحَ وَصَلَّيْنَا مَعَهُ، قَالَ: يَا أُمَّ هَانِئٍ، لَقَدْ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَكُمْ الْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ كَمَا رَأَيْتِ بِهَذَا الْوَادِي، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بَيْتَ الْمَقْدِسِ فَصَلَّيْتُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَدْ صَلَّيْتُ صَلَاةَ الْغَدَاةِ مَعَكُمْ الْآنَ كَمَا تَرَيْنَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ لِيَخْرُجَ، فَأَخَذْتُ بِطَرَفِ رِدَائِهِ، فَتَكَشَّفَ عَنْ بَطْنِهِ كَأَنَّهُ قُبْطِيَّةٌ مَطْوِيَّةٌ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، لَا تُحَدِّثْ بِهَذَا النَّاسَ فَيُكَذِّبُوكَ وَيُؤْذُوكَ، قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ لِأُحَدِّثَنَّهُمُوهُ. قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ لِجَارِيَةٍ لِي حَبَشِيَّةٍ: وَيْحَكَ اتْبَعِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى تَسْمَعِي مَا يَقُولُ لِلنَّاسِ، وَمَا يَقُولُونَ لَهُ. ....
Translation
✧ Section on the night journey of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Makkah to Bayt al-Maqdis, then his ascension from there to the heavens, and what signs he saw there. Ibn ʿAsākir mentioned the hadiths of the night journey in the early days of the prophetic mission, whereas Ibn Isḥāq mentioned them in this place about ten years after the mission. Al-Bayhaqī narrated through Mūsā b. ʿUqbah from al-Zuhrī that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken on the night journey one year before his departure to Madinah. He said: Likewise Ibn Lahīʿah mentioned it from Abū al-Aswad from ʿUrwah. Then he narrated from al-Ḥākim from al-Aṣamm from Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār from Yūnus b. Bukayr from Asbāṭ b. Naṣr from Ismāʿīl al-Suddī that he said: The five prayers were made obligatory on the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Bayt al-Maqdis on the night he was taken on the night journey, sixteen months before his emigration. Thus according to al-Suddī's statement, the night journey occurred in the month of Dhū al-Qiʿdah, and according to al-Zuhrī and ʿUrwah it occurred in Rabīʿ al-Awwal. Abū Bakr b. Abī Shaybah said: ʿUthmān narrated to us from Saʿīd b. Mīnā from Jābir and Ibn ʿAbbās who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born in the Year of the Elephant on Monday, the twelfth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and on that day he was sent as a prophet, and on that day he was ascended to heaven, and on that day he emigrated, and on that day he died. There is a break in this chain. Al-Ḥāfiẓ ʿAbd al-Ghanī b. Surūr al-Maqdisī chose this in his Sīrah, and he cited a hadith whose chain is not sound, which we mentioned in the Virtues of the Month of Rajab, that the night journey occurred on the night of the twenty-seventh of Rajab. And Allah knows best. Some people claim that the night journey occurred on the first Friday night of the month of Rajab, which is the Night of Raghaib in which the well-known prayer was introduced, but there is no basis for that. And Allah knows best. Some of them recite in that regard: On the night of Friday the Prophet was ascended On the night of Friday, the first of Rajab This poetry is feeble, and we mentioned it only as evidence for those who hold that view. We have mentioned the hadiths that have come regarding that matter in full detail at the explanation of His saying, Exalted be He: 'Glory be to Him who took His servant by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs, indeed He is the Hearing, the Seeing' [al-Isrāʾ: 1]. So let them be written from there as they are with their chains, attributions, and discussion upon them and with them, for in them is sufficiency and enough. And to Allah belongs praise and grace. [The hadith of Umm Hāniʾ about his night journey ﷺ] Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Among what reached me from Umm Hāniʾ bt. Abī Ṭālib ؓ, whose name was Hind, regarding the night journey of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, was that she used to say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was not taken on the night journey except while he was in my house. He slept at my place that night in my house. He prayed the latter ʿIshāʾ prayer, then slept and we slept. When it was just before dawn, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ woke us. When he prayed the morning prayer and we prayed with him, he said: 'O Umm Hāniʾ, I prayed the latter ʿIshāʾ prayer with you in this valley as you saw, then I went to Bayt al-Maqdis and prayed in it, then I have prayed the dawn prayer with you now as you see.' Then he rose to leave, and I took hold of the edge of his cloak, and his belly was uncovered as if it were folded Egyptian linen. I said to him: 'O Prophet of Allah, do not tell the people this, lest they disbelieve you and harm you.' He said: 'By Allah, I will surely tell them.' She said: I said to an Abyssinian slave-girl of mine: 'Woe to you, follow the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until you hear what he says to the people and what they say to him.' ...
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