Tarikh (al-Tabari) 78
The story of Noah (peace be upon him)
نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَهُوَ نُوحُ بْنُ لَامَكَ بْنِ مَتُّوشَلَخَ بْنِ خَنُوخَ، وَهُوَ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَرْدَ بْنِ مَهْلَائِيلَ بْنِ قَيْنَنَ بْنِ أَنُوشَ بْنِ شِيثَ بْنِ آدَمَ أَبِي الْبَشَرِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ: نُوحُ بْنُ مَلْكَانَ بْنِ مَثُوبِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وكَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ آدَمَ بِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَسِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَعَلَى تَارِيخِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ مَوْلِدِ نُوحٍ وَمَوْتِ آدَمَ مِائَةٌ وَسِتٌّ وَأَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ، كَمَا قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو حَاتِمِ بْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ وعن مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، عَنْ أَخِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أُمَامَةَأَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَبِيٌّ كَانَ آدَمُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. مُكَلِّمٌ. قَالَ: فَكَمْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ نُوحٍ ؟ قَالَ: عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ. قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجْهُ. وَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ بَيْنَ آدَمَ وَنُوحٍ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْقَرْنِ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ، كَمَا هُوَ الْمُتَبَادَرُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَبَيْنَهُمَا أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ، لَكِنْ لَا يَنْفِي أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْثَرَ بِاعْتِبَارِ مَا قَيَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالْإِسْلَامِ ; إِذْ قَدْ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا قُرُونٌ أُخَرُ مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ لَمْ يَكُونُوا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، لَكِنَّ حَدِيثَ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْحَصْرِ فِي عَشَرَةِ قُرُونٍ، وَزَادَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَهَذَا يَرُدُّ قَوْلَ مَنْ زَعَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ التَّوَارِيخِ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: أَنَّ قَابِيلَ وَبَنِيهِ عَبَدُوا النَّارَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُرَادُ بِالْقَرْنِ الْجِيلَ مِنَ النَّاسِ، كَمَا فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا مِنَ الْقُرُونِ مِنْ بَعْدِ نُوحٍ [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 17 ]. وَقَوْلُهُ: ثُمَّ أَنْشَأْنَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ قَرْنًا آخَرِينَ [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: 42 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقُرُونًا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا [ الْفُرْقَانِ: 38 ]. وَقَالَ: وَكَمْ أَهْلَكْنَا قَبْلَهُمْ مِنْ قَرْنٍ [ مَرْيَمَ: 74 ]. وَكَقَوْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ خَيْرُ الْقُرُونِ قَرْنِي. الْحَدِيثَ. فَقَدْ كَانَ الْجِيلُ قَبْلَ نُوحٍ يُعَمِّرُونَ الدُّهُورَ الطَّوِيلَةَ فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ آدَمَ وَنُوحٍ أُلُوفٌ مِنَ السِّنِينَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ Nūḥ ﷺ He is Nūḥ b. Lāmak b. Mattūshalakh b. Khanūkh, who is Idrīs b. Yard b. Mahlāʾīl b. Qaynan b. Anūsh b. Shīth b. Ādam, the father of mankind ﷺ. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār said: Nūḥ b. Malkān b. Mathūb b. Idrīs. His birth was one hundred and twenty-six years after the death of Ādam, as Ibn Jarīr and others mentioned. According to the earlier chronology of the People of the Book, there would be one hundred and forty-six years between the birth of Nūḥ and the death of Ādam. Between them were ten generations, as al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Ḥātim b. Ḥibbān stated in his Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of Muʿāwiyah b. Sallām, from his brother Zayd b. Sallām, who said: I heard Abū Sallām say: I heard Abū Umāmah say that a man said: O Messenger of Allah, was Ādam a prophet? He said: Yes, one who was spoken to. He said: How long was there between him and Nūḥ? He said: Ten generations. I say: This meets the criterion of Muslim, but he did not include it. In Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: Between Ādam and Nūḥ there were ten generations, all of them upon Islam. If what is meant by generation is one hundred years, as is commonly understood by many people, then between them there were necessarily one thousand years. However, that does not preclude it being more, considering Ibn ʿAbbās’s qualification “upon Islam,” since there may have been other later generations between them who were not upon Islam. But the ḥadīth of Abū Umāmah indicates a limit of ten generations, and Ibn ʿAbbās added that all of them were upon Islam. This refutes the claim of some historians and others among the People of the Book that Qābīl and his sons worshipped fire. And Allah knows best. If what is meant by generation is a generation of people, as in His saying, Exalted be He: “And how many generations have We destroyed after Nūḥ” [al-Isrāʾ: 17], and His saying: “Then We produced after them another generation” [al-Muʾminūn: 42], and He, Exalted be He, said: “And many generations in between” [al-Furqān: 38], and He said: “And how many a generation before them have We destroyed” [Maryam: 74], and like his saying ﷺ: “The best of generations is my generation,” the ḥadīth, then the generations before Nūḥ lived for very long ages. On this basis, between Ādam and Nūḥ there would be thousands of years. And Allah knows best.
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