Tarikh (al-Tabari) 77
The story of Noah (peace be upon him)
قِصَّةُ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ هُوَ نُوحُ بْنُ لَامَكَ بْنِ مَتُّوشَلَخَ بْنِ خَنُوخَ، وَهُوَ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَرْدَ بْنِ مَهْلَائِيلَ بْنِ قَيْنَنَ بْنِ أَنُوشَ بْنِ شِيثَ بْنِ آدَمَ أَبِي الْبَشَرِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. كَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ آدَمَ بِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَسِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ كَمْ كَانَ بَيْنَ آدَمَ وَنُوحٍ بِنَاءً عَلَى تَفْسِيرِ الْقَرْنِ هَلْ هُوَ مِائَةُ سَنَةٍ أَمِ الْجِيلُ مِنَ النَّاسِ. وَقَدْ أَكْرَمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالنُّبُوَّةِ وَأَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ لَمَّا عَبَدُوا الْأَصْنَامَ وَالطَّوَاغِيتَ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ دَانُوا بِدِينِ الصَّابِئَةِ أَيْضًا، وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ فِي سِنِّ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حِينَ أَرْسَلَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَقِيلَ: كَانَ ابْنَ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: ابْنُ ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ. فَدَعَا نُوحٌ قَوْمَهُ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَنَبْذِ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِشْرَاكِ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَقَدْ دَعَاهُمْ بِكُلِّ السُّبُلِ وَالطُّرُقِ وَالْأَوْقَاتِ فَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا نُفُورًا، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُخْبِرًا عَمَّا قَالَ نُوحٌ لِقَوْمِهِ: يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَطِيعُونِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ مِنْ ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُؤَخِّرْكُمْ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى إِنَّ أَجَلٍ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَ لا يُؤَخَّرُ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِي لَيْلا وَنَهَارًا فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلا فِرَارًا وَإِنِّي كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُوا أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْا ثِيَابَهُمْ وَأَصَرُّوا وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا اسْتِكْبَارًا ثُمَّ إِنِّي دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَارًا ثُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَارًا فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّارًا يُرْسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِدْرَارًا وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَالٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ وَيَجْعَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْهَارًا مَا لَكُمْ لا تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَارًا وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَارًا [ نُوحٍ: 2 - 14 ]. وَقَدْ ظَلَّ يَدْعُوهُمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَمَا آمَنَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ فَلَمَّا يَئِسَ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ: رَبِّ لا تَذَرْ عَلَى الأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلا يَلِدُوا إِلا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا [ نُوحٍ: 26 - 27 ]، وَطَلَبَ الْفَتْحَ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنَّ قَوْمِي كَذَّبُونِ فَافْتَحْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَتْحًا وَنَجِّنِي وَمَنْ مَعِيَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [ الشُّعَرَاءِ: 117 - 118 ]. وَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَيْضًا أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانْتَصِرْ [ الْقَمَرِ: 10 ]. وَقَالَ رَبِّ انْصُرْنِي بِمَا كَذَّبُونِ [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: 26 ]. فَجَاءَ الْفَتْحُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 76 ] وَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَنْ يُؤْمِنَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ إِلا مِنْ قَدْ آمَنَ فَلا تَبْتَئِسْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ [ هُودٍ: 36 ]. وَحِينَئِذٍ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِبِنَاءِ السَّفِينَةِ وَأَعْلَمَهُ بِمَا سَيَحِلُّ بِقَوْمِهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَالْإِغْرَاقِ وَنَهَاهُ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهُ بِهِمْ رَأْفَةٌ إِذَا مَا نَزَلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ. وَكَانَ قَوْمُهُ كُلَّمَا مَرُّوا بِهِ سَخِرُوا مِنْهُ وَمِمَّا يَصْنَعُ مِنْ بِنَاءِ السَّفِينَةِ فِي الصَّحْرَاءِ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ الْمُؤَرِّخِينَ أَوْصَافًا لِلسَّفِينَةِ عَنْ طُولِهَا وَعَرْضِهَا وَارْتِفَاعِهَا وَهَيْئَتِهَا، فَلَمَّا اكْتَمَلَ بِنَاؤُهَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ فِيهَا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمِنْ كُلٍّ زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الْكَائِنَاتِ، فَلَمَّا اطْمَأَنَّ نُوحٌ وَمِنْ مَعَهُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاءَ بِنُزُولِ الْمَاءِ الْمُنْهَمِرِ وَفُجِّرَتِ الْأَرْضُ عُيُونًا فَعَمَّ الْأَرْضَ الْمَاءُ حَتَّى عَلَا جِبَالَهَا فَهَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ خَارِجَ السَّفِينَةِ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ وَالْكَائِنَاتِ، وَهَلَكَ فِيمَنْ هَلَكَ ابْنُ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَبْقَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا قِيلَ يَا أَرْضُ ابْلَعِي مَاءَكِ وَيَا سَمَاءُ أَقْلِعِي وَغِيضَ الْمَاءُ وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَاسْتَوَتِ السَّفِينَةُ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ، وَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ نُوحًا أَنْ يَهْبِطَ بِسَلَامٍ مِنْهُ وَبَرَكَاتٍ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ. هَذَا وَقَدْ أَنْكَرَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ جَهَلَةِ الْفُرْسِ وَأَهْلِ الْهِنْدِ، وُقُوعَ الطُّوفَانِ، وَاعْتَرَفَ بِهِ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ. فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ نُوحٌ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ انْتَشَرَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ فِيهَا كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى وَجَعَلْنَا ذُرِّيَّتَهُ هُمُ الْبَاقِينَ قَالَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ: إِنَّ سَامَ بْنَ نُوحٍ أَبُو الْعَرَبِ، وَفَارِسَ، وَالرُّومِ، وَإِنَّ حَامًا أَبُو السُّودَانِ، وَإِنَّ يَافِثَ أَبُو التُّرْكِ وَيَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ. وَقَدْ وَقَعَتِ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْأَحْدَاثِ مَا بَيْنَ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ تَتَعَلَّقُ بِاقْتِسَامِ الْأَرْضِ وَسُكْنَاهَا بَيْنَ ذُرِّيَّةِ نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَعِبَادَةِ الْأَصْنَامِ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى بَعْدَ هَلَاكِ الصَّالِحِينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ بُعِثَ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ دَانْيَالُ الْأَكْبَرُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَقَدْ أَثْنَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى نُوحٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَبْدًا شَكُورًا [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 3 ]، وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ إِلَّا الْعِيدَيْنِ. وَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ نُوحًا الْوَفَاةُ قِيلَ لَهُ: كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ الدُّنْيَا ؟ قَالَ: كَبَيْتٍ لَهُ بَابَانِ دَخَلْتُ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَخَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْآخَرِ.
Translation
✧ The story of Nūḥ ﷺ He is Nūḥ b. Lāmak b. Mattūshalakḥ b. Khanūkh, and he is Idrīs b. Yard b. Mahlāʾīl b. Qaynan b. Anūsh b. Shīth b. Ādam, the father of humanity ﷺ. His birth was one hundred and twenty-six years after the death of Ādam, and the scholars differed as to how much time there was between Ādam and Nūḥ, based on the interpretation of "qarn" — whether it is one hundred years or a generation of people. God Almighty honored him with prophethood and sent him to his people when they worshiped idols and false deities, and they had also professed the religion of the Sabians. The people of knowledge differed concerning the age of Nūḥ ﷺ when God Almighty sent him to his people: it was said he was fifty years old; it was said he was three hundred and fifty years old; and other opinions were stated. Nūḥ called his people to worship God alone and to cast off the polytheism they were upon, and he called them by every means, method, and time, but it only increased them in aversion. God Almighty said, relating what Nūḥ said to his people: "O my people, I am to you a clear warner: that you worship God, fear Him, and obey me. He will forgive you of your sins and delay you to a stated term. Indeed, the term of God, when it comes, cannot be delayed, if you only knew." He said, "My Lord, I have called my people night and day, but my calling only increased them in flight. And whenever I called them that You might forgive them, they put their fingers in their ears, covered themselves with their garments, persisted, and were arrogant with great arrogance. Then I called them openly; then I proclaimed to them and confided to them secretly, and said, 'Ask forgiveness of your Lord; indeed, He is ever Forgiving. He will send the sky upon you with abundant rain, and supply you with wealth and sons, and make for you gardens and make for you rivers. What is wrong with you that you do not hope for dignity from God, when He has created you in stages?'" [Nūḥ: 2–14]. He continued calling them for a thousand years less fifty years, but only a few believed with him. When he despaired of them, he said: "My Lord, do not leave upon the earth any dweller from among the disbelievers. Indeed, if You leave them, they will mislead Your servants and will beget none but wicked, ungrateful ones" [Nūḥ: 26–27]. He sought victory from God Almighty and said: "My Lord, indeed my people have denied me, so decide between me and them with a decisive decision, and save me and those with me of the believers" [al-Shuʿarāʾ: 117–118]. He also called upon his Lord: "I am overcome, so help me" [al-Qamar: 10]. And he said: "My Lord, help me because they have denied me" [al-Muʾminūn: 26]. Then victory came from heaven: "So We responded to him and saved him and his family from the great distress" [al-Anbiyāʾ: 76]. And God, glorified be He, revealed to him that "none of your people will believe except those who have already believed, so do not grieve over what they have been doing" [Hūd: 36]. At that point, God Almighty commanded His prophet ﷺ to build the ship and informed him of the punishment and drowning that would befall his people, and forbade him to feel compassion for them when the punishment descended upon them. His people, whenever they passed by him, mocked him and what he was building — a ship in the desert. Some historians mentioned descriptions of the ship concerning its length, width, height, and form. When its construction was complete, God, glorified be He, commanded him to carry in it the believers and two of every pair of creatures. When Nūḥ and those with him were settled in the ship, God commanded the sky to pour down torrential water, and the earth was made to gush forth springs, so water covered the land until it rose above its mountains, and those outside the ship perished — among humans and creatures — and among those who perished was the son of Nūḥ ﷺ. When no dweller among the disbelievers remained on the earth, it was said: "O earth, swallow your water, and O sky, withhold [your rain], and the water subsided, and the matter was accomplished, and the ship came to rest on al-Jūdī." And God, glorified be He, commanded Nūḥ to disembark with peace and blessings from Him, he and those with him. A faction of the ignorant Persians and the people of India denied the occurrence of the flood, while others among them acknowledged it. When Nūḥ descended to the earth, his descendants spread throughout it, as He, exalted be He, said: "And We made his descendants the survivors." Wahb b. Munabbih said: Sām b. Nūḥ is the father of the Arabs, the Persians, and the Byzantines; Ḥām is the father of the blacks; and Yāfith is the father of the Turks and Yaʾjūj and Maʾjūj. Many events occurred between Nūḥ ﷺ and Ibrāhīm ﷺ related to the division and settlement of the land among the descendants of Nūḥ ﷺ, and the worship of idols once again after the death of the righteous among his descendants. Among those sent between Nūḥ and Ibrāhīm (peace be upon them) was Dānyāl al-Akbar ﷺ. God Almighty praised Nūḥ ﷺ, saying, glorified be He: "Indeed, he was a grateful servant" [al-Isrāʾ: 3], and he ﷺ fasted perpetually except for the two festivals. When death came to Nūḥ, it was said to him: "How did you find the world?" He said: "Like a house with two doors: I entered through one of them and exited through the other."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.