Tarikh (al-Tabari) 754
The emigration to Abyssinia and what occurred therein
إرْسَالُ قُرَيْشٍ إلَى الْحَبَشَةِ فِي طَلَبِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ إلَيْهَا [ رَسُولَا قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ لِاسْتِرْدَادِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ قُرَيْشٌ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَمِنُوا وَاطْمَأَنُّوا بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَصَابُوا بِهَا دَارًا وَقَرَارًا، ائْتَمَرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ أَنَّ يَبْعَثُوا فِيهِمْ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ جَلْدَيْنِ إلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ، فَيَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ، لِيَفْتِنُوهُمْ فِي دِينِهِمْ، وَيُخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ، الَّتِي اطْمَأَنُّوا بِهَا وَأَمِنُوا فِيهَا؛ فَبَعَثُوا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَجَمَعُوا لَهُمَا هَدَايَا لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ وَلِبَطَارِقَتِهِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثُوهُمَا إلَيْهِ فِيهِمْ. [ شِعْرُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ يَحُضُّهُ عَلَى الدَّفْعِ عَنْ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ] فَقَالَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ، حِينَ رَأَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ رَأْيِهِمْ وَمَا بَعَثُوهُمَا فِيهِ، أَبْيَاتًا لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ يَحُضُّهُ عَلَى حُسْنِ جِوَارِهِمْ وَالدَّفْعِ عَنْهُمْ: : أَلَا لَيْتَ شِعْرِي كَيْفَ فِي النَّأْيِ جَعْفَرٌ وَعَمْرٌو وَأَعْدَاءُ الْعَدُوِّ الْأَقَارِبُ وَهَلْ نَالَتْ أَفْعَالُ النَّجَاشِيِّ جَعْفَرًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَوْ عَاقَ ذَلِكَ شَاغِبُ تَعَلَّمْ، أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ، أَنَّكَ مَاجِدٌ كَرِيمٌ فَلَا يَشْقَى لَدَيْكَ الْمُجَانِبُ تَعَلَّمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ زَادَكَ بَسْطَةً وَأَسْبَابَ خَيْرٍ كُلُّهَا بِكَ لَازِبُ وَأَنَّكَ فَيْضٌ ذُو سِجَالٍ غَزِيرَةٍ يَنَالُ الْأَعَادِي نَفْعَهَا وَالْأَقَارِبُ [ حَدِيثُ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ رَسُولَيْ قُرَيْشٍ مَعَ النَّجَاشِيِّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ زَوْجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا نَزَلْنَا أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ، جَاوَرْنَا بِهَا خَيْرَ جَارٍ النَّجَاشِيَّ، أَمِنَّا عَلَى دِينِنَا، وَعَبَدْنَا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى لَا نُؤْذَى وَلَا نَسْمَعُ شَيْئًا نَكْرَهُهُ؛ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ قُرَيْشًا، ائْتَمَرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا إلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فِينَا رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ جَلْدَيْنِ، وَأَنْ يُهْدُوا لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ هَدَايَا مِمَّا يُسْتَطْرَفُ مِنْ مَتَاعِ مَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَعْجَبِ مَا يَأْتِيهِ مِنْهَا الْأُدْمُ، فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ أُدْمًا كَثِيرًا، وَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوا مِنْ بَطَارِقَتِهِ بِطْرِيقًا إلَّا أَهْدَوْا لَهُ هَدِيَّةً، ثُمَّ بَعَثُوا بِذَلِكَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ، وَأَمَرُوهُمَا بِأَمْرِهِمْ، وَقَالُوا لَهُمَا: ادْفَعَا إلَى كُلِّ بِطْرِيقٍ هَدِيَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُكَلِّمَا النَّجَاشِيَّ فِيهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَدِّمَا إلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ هَدَايَاهُ، ثُمَّ سَلَاهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُمْ إلَيْكُمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُمْ. قَالَتْ: فَخَرَجَا حَتَّى قَدِمَا عَلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ بِخَيْرِ دَارٍ، عِنْدَ خَيْرِ جَارٍ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْ بِطَارِقَتِهِ بِطْرِيقٌ إلَّا دَفَعَا إلَيْهِ هَدِيَّتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَا النَّجَاشِيَّ، وَقَالَا لِكُلِّ بِطْرِيقٍ مِنْهُمْ: إنَّهُ قَدْ ضَوَى إلَى بَلَدِ الْمَلِكِ مِنَّا غِلْمَانٌ سُفَهَاءُ، فَارَقُوا دِينَ قَوْمِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ، وَجَاءُوا بِدِينِ مُبْتَدَعٍ، لَا نَعْرِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتُمْ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَنَا إلَى الْمَلِكِ فِيهِمْ أَشْرَافَ قَوْمِهِمْ لِيَرُدَّهُمْ إلَيْهِمْ، فَإِذَا كَلَّمْنَا الْمَلِكَ فِيهِمْ، فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَنْ يُسَلِّمَهُمْ إلَيْنَا وَلَا يُكَلِّمَهُمْ، فَإِنَّ قَوْمَهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْنًا، وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُمَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ إنَّهُمَا قَدَّمَا هَدَايَاهُمَا إلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فَقَبِلَهَا مِنْهُمَا، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَاهُ فَقَالَا لَهُ: أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ، إنَّهُ قَدْ ضَوَى إلَى بَلَدِكَ مِنَّا غِلْمَانٌ سُفَهَاءُ، فَارَقُوا دِينَ قَوْمِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي دِينِكَ، وَجَاءُوا بِدِينٍ ابْتَدَعُوهُ، لَا نَعْرِفُهُ نَحْنُ وَلَا أَنْتَ، وَقَدْ بَعَثَنَا إلَيْكَ فِيهِمْ أَشْرَافُ قَوْمِهِمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَعْمَامِهِمْ وَعَشَائِرِهِمْ لِتَرُدَّهُمْ إلَيْهِمْ، فَهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْنًا، وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَعَاتَبُوهُمْ فِيهِ. قَالَتْ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْءٌ أَبْغَضَ إلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَهُمْ النَّجَاشِيُّ. قَالَتْ: فَقَالَتْ بَطَارِقَتُهُ حَوْلَهُ: صَدَقَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ قَوْمُهُمْ أَعْلَى بِهِمْ عَيْنًا، وَأَعْلَمُ بِمَا عَابُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَسْلِمْهُمْ إلَيْهِمَا فَلْيَرُدَّاهُمْ إلَى بِلَادِهِمْ وَقَوْمِهِمْ. قَالَتْ: فَغَضِبَ النَّجَاشِيُّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَاهَا اللَّهِ، إذَنْ لَا أُسْلِمُهُمْ إلَيْهِمَا، وَلَا يَكَادُ قَوْمٌ جَاوَرُونِي، وَنَزَلُوا بِلَادِي، وَاخْتَارُونِي عَلَى مَنْ سِوَايَ، حَتَّى أَدْعُوَهُمْ فَأَسْأَلَهُمْ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَذَانِ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ، فَإِنْ كَانُوا كَمَا يَقُولَانِ أَسْلَمْتهمْ إلَيْهِمَا، وَرَدَدْتُهُمْ إلَى قَوْمِهِمْ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مَنَعْتُهُمْ مِنْهُمَا، وَأَحْسَنْتُ جِوَارَهُمْ مَا جَاوَرُونِي.
Translation
✧ The sending of Quraysh to Abyssinia to seek the emigrants there [ The two envoys of Quraysh to the Negus to recover the emigrants ] Ibn Isḥāq said: When Quraysh saw that the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ had found safety and security in the land of Abyssinia, and that they had obtained there an abode and a settled place, they consulted among themselves to send against them two sturdy men of Quraysh to the Negus, so that he might send them back to them, in order that they might tempt them in their religion and expel them from the abode in which they had found security and safety. So they sent ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil, and they gathered for the two of them gifts for the Negus and for his patricians, then sent them to him concerning them. [ The poetry of Abū Ṭālib to the Negus inciting him to defend the emigrants ] Abū Ṭālib said, when he saw that opinion of theirs and what they had sent the two of them for, verses to the Negus inciting him to treat them well as neighbors and to defend them: Would that I knew how Jaʿfar fares in exile, and ʿAmr, and those who are enemies of the enemy, the kinsfolk; And whether the deeds of the Negus have reached Jaʿfar and his companions, or whether some troublemaker has hindered that. Know, may you never be cursed, that you are noble and generous, so no one who seeks your protection will suffer; Know that God has increased you in bounty and in means of good, all of which cling to you; And that you are an overflowing abundance with copious buckets, whose benefit reaches both enemies and kinsfolk. [ The account of Umm Salamah concerning the two envoys of Quraysh with the Negus ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Muslim al-Zuhrī related to me from Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām al-Makhzūmī, from Umm Salamah bt. Abī Umayyah b. al-Mughīrah, wife of the Messenger of God ﷺ. She said: When we settled in the land of Abyssinia, we had as a neighbor there the best of neighbors, the Negus. We were secure in our religion, and we worshipped God Almighty without being harmed and without hearing anything we disliked. When that reached Quraysh, they consulted among themselves to send to the Negus concerning us two sturdy men from among them, and to give the Negus gifts of the choicest goods of Makkah. The most admired thing that came to him from there was leather, so they gathered for him a great deal of leather, and they did not leave any of his patricians without giving him a gift. Then they sent with that ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, and they instructed them regarding their affair, saying to the two of them: Deliver to every patrician his gift before you speak to the Negus about them, then present to the Negus his gifts, then ask him to surrender them to you before he speaks with them. She said: The two of them set out until they came to the Negus, while we were with him in the best of abodes, with the best of neighbors. There remained none of his patricians to whom they did not deliver his gift before speaking to the Negus. They said to each patrician among them: Some foolish youths of ours have sought refuge in the king's land. They have abandoned the religion of their people and have not entered your religion, and they have come with an innovated religion that neither we nor you know. The nobles of their people have sent us to the king about them so that he may return them to them. So when we speak to the king about them, advise him to surrender them to us and not to speak with them, for their people have a better eye over them and know better what they have blamed in them. They said to the two of them: Yes. Then the two of them presented their gifts to the Negus, and he accepted them from them. Then they spoke to him and said: O king, some foolish youths of ours have sought refuge in your land. They have abandoned the religion of their people and have not entered your religion, and they have come with a religion they have innovated, which neither we nor you know. The nobles of their people, from their fathers, their paternal uncles, and their clans, have sent us to you about them so that you may return them to them. They have a better eye over them and know better what they have blamed in them and for what they have reproached them. She said: Nothing was more hateful to ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah and ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ than that the Negus should hear their words. She said: His patricians around him said: They have spoken truly, O king. Their people have a better eye over them and know better what they have blamed in them, so surrender them to the two of them and let them return them to their lands and their people. She said: The Negus became angry and then said: No, by God, I will not surrender them to the two of them. A people who have sought my protection, settled in my land, and chosen me over all others will hardly be given up until I summon them and ask them about what these two say concerning their affair. If they are as the two of them say, I will surrender them to them and return them to their people. But if they are otherwise, I will protect them from the two of them and treat them well as neighbors as long as they are my neighbors.
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