Tarikh (al-Tabari) 755
The emigration to Abyssinia and what occurred therein
قِصَّةُ تَمَلُّكِ النَّجَاشِيِّ عَلَى الْحَبَشَةِ [ قَتْلُ أَبِي النَّجَاشِيِّ، وَتَوْلِيَةُ عَمِّهِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: فَحَدَّثْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ حَدِيثَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا قَوْلُهُ: مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنِّي الرِّشْوَةَ حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ مُلْكِي، فَآخُذَ الرِّشْوَةَ فِيهِ، وَمَا أَطَاعَ النَّاسَ فِيَّ فَأُطِيعَ النَّاسَ فِيهِ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا؛ قَالَ: فَإِنَّ عَائِشَةَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَدَّثَتْنِي أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ مَلِكَ قَوْمِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ إلَّا النَّجَاشِيَّ، وَكَانَ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ عَمٌّ، لَهُ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، وَكَانُوا أَهْلَ بَيْتِ مَمْلَكَةِ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَقَالَتْ الْحَبَشَةُ بَيْنَهَا: لَوْ أَنَّا قَتَلْنَا أَبَا النَّجَاشِيِّ وَمَلَّكْنَا أَخَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ لَا وَلَدَ لَهُ غَيْرَ هَذَا الْغُلَامِ، وَإِنَّ لِأَخِيهِ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَتَوَارَثُوا مُلْكَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، بَقِيَتْ الْحَبَشَةُ بَعْدَهُ دَهْرًا؛ فَغَدَوْا عَلَى أَبِي النَّجَاشِيِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَمَلَّكُوا أَخَاهُ، فَمَكَثُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حِينًا. [ غَلَبَةُ النَّجَاشِيِّ عَمَّهُ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ، وَسَعْيُ الْأَحْبَاشِ لِإِبْعَادِهِ ] وَنَشَأَ النَّجَاشِيُّ مَعَ عَمِّهِ، وَكَانَ لَبِيبًا حَازِمًا مِنْ الرِّجَالِ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى أَمْرِ عَمِّهِ، وَنَزَلَ مِنْهُ بِكُلِّ مَنْزِلَةٍ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ الْحَبَشَةُ مَكَانَهُ ( مِنْهُ ) قَالَتْ بَيْنَهَا: وَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ غَلَبَ هَذَا الْفَتَى عَلَى أَمْرِ عَمِّهِ، وَإِنَّا لَنَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ يُمَلِّكَهُ عَلَيْنَا، وَإِنْ مَلَّكَهُ عَلَيْنَا لَيَقْتُلنَا أَجْمَعِينَ، لَقَدْ عَرَفَ أَنَّا نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا أَبَاهُ. فَمَشَوْا إلَى عَمِّهِ فَقَالُوا: إمَّا أَنْ تَقْتُلَ هَذَا الْفَتَى، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُخْرِجَهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِنَا، فَإِنَّا قَدْ خِفْنَاهُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِنَا، قَالَ: وَيْلَكُمْ قَتَلْتُ أَبَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ، وَأَقْتُلهُ الْيَوْمَ بَلْ أُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ بِلَادِكُمْ. قَالَتْ: فَخَرَجُوا بِهِ إلَى السُّوقِ، فَبَاعُوهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ التُّجَّارِ بِسِتِّ ماِئَةِ دِرْهَمٍ؛ فَقَذَفَهُ فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَانْطَلَقَ بِهِ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، هَاجَتْ سَحَابَةٌ مِنْ سَحَائِبِ الْخَرِيفِ فَخَرَجَ عَمُّهُ يَسْتَمْطِرُ تَحْتَهَا، فَأَصَابَتْهُ صَاعِقَةٌ فَقَتَلَتْهُ. قَالَتْ: فَفَزِعَتْ الْحَبَشَةُ إلَى وَلَدِهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مُحَمَّقٌ، لَيْسَ فِي وَلَدِهِ خَيْرٌ، فَمَرَجَ عَلَى الْحَبَشَةِ أَمْرُهُمْ. [ تَوَلِّيهِ الْمُلْكَ بِرِضَا الْحَبَشَةِ ] فَلَمَّا ضَاقَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: تَعْلَمُوا وَاَللَّهِ أَنَّ مَلِكَكُمْ الَّذِي لَا يُقِيمُ أَمْرَكُمْ غَيْرُهُ لَلَّذِي بِعْتُمْ غَدْوَةً، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ بِأَمْرِ الْحَبَشَةِ حَاجَةٌ فَأَدْرِكُوهُ ( الْآنَ ). قَالَتْ: فَخَرَجُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَطَلَبِ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي بَاعُوهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكُوهُ، فَأَخَذُوهُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءُوا بِهِ، فَعَقَدُوا عَلَيْهِ التَّاجَ، وَأَقْعَدُوهُ عَلَى سَرِيرِ الْمُلْكِ، فَمَلَّكُوهُ. [ حَدِيثُ التَّاجِرِ الَّذِي ابْتَاعَ النَّجَاشِيَّ ] فَجَاءَهُمْ التَّاجِرُ الَّذِي كَانُوا بَاعُوهُ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: إمَّا أَنْ تُعْطُونِي مَالِي، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أُكَلِّمَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالُوا: لَا نُعْطِيكَ شَيْئًا، قَالَ: إذَنْ وَاَللَّهِ أُكَلِّمُهُ؛ قَالُوا: فَدُونَكَ وَإِيَّاهُ. قَالَتْ: فَجَاءَهُ فَجَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ، ابْتَعْتُ غُلَامًا مِنْ قَوْمٍ بِالسُّوقِ بِسِتِّ ماِئَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَسْلَمُوا إلَيَّ غُلَامِي وَأَخَذُوا دَرَاهِمِي، حَتَّى إذَا سِرْتُ بِغُلَامِي أَدْرَكُونِي، فَأَخَذُوا غُلَامِي، وَمَنَعُونِي دَرَاهِمِي. قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ لَهُمْ النَّجَاشِيُّ: لَتُعْطُنَّهُ دَرَاهِمَهُ، أَوْ لَيَضَعَنَّ غُلَامُهُ يَدَهُ فِي يَدِهِ، فَلَيَذْهَبَنَّ بِهِ حَيْثُ شَاءَ؛ قَالُوا: بَلْ نُعْطِيهِ دَرَاهِمُهُ. قَالَتْ: فَلِذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: مَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِنِّي رِشْوَةً حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيَّ مُلْكِي، فَآخُذَ الرِّشْوَةَ فِيهِ، وَمَا أَطَاعَ النَّاسَ فِيَّ فَأُطِيعَ النَّاسَ فِيهِ. قَالَتْ: وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ مَا خُبِرَ مِنْ صَلَابَتِهِ فِي دِينِهِ، وَعُدَّ لَهُ فِي حُكْمِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا مَاتَ النَّجَاشِيُّ، كَانَ يُتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَزَالُ يُرَى عَلَى قَبْرِهِ نُورٌ
Translation
✧ The story of the Najāshī's assumption of kingship over Abyssinia [The killing of the Najāshī's father and the appointment of his uncle] Ibn Isḥāq said: al-Zuhrī said: I related to ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr the ḥadīth of Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from Umm Salamah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: Do you know what his saying means: 'God did not take a bribe from me when He restored my kingdom to me, that I should take a bribe concerning it, and the people did not obey me that I should obey the people concerning it'? I said: No. He said: ʿĀʾishah, the Mother of the Believers, told me that his father was king of his people, and he had no child except the Najāshī. The Najāshī had an uncle who had twelve sons from his own loins, and they were the royal house of Abyssinia. The Abyssinians said among themselves: If we kill the Najāshī's father and make his brother king—for he has no child except this boy, while his brother has twelve sons from his own loins—then they will inherit his kingdom after him, and Abyssinia will endure for a long time after him. So they went in the morning against the Najāshī's father and killed him, and made his brother king. They remained in that state for a while. [The Najāshī's gaining ascendancy over his uncle and the Abyssinians' efforts to banish him] The Najāshī grew up with his uncle, and he was an intelligent, resolute man among men. He gained ascendancy over his uncle's affairs and obtained every position of standing with him. When the Abyssinians saw his place with him, they said among themselves: By God, this youth has gained ascendancy over his uncle's affairs, and we fear that he may make him king over us, and if he makes him king over us, he will kill us all, for he knows that we killed his father. So they went to his uncle and said: Either you kill this youth or you expel him from among us, for we have feared him for ourselves. He said: Woe to you! I killed his father yesterday, and I should kill him today? Rather I will expel him from your land. She said: They took him out to the market and sold him to a man among the merchants for six hundred dirhams. He threw him into a ship and departed with him, until when it was evening of that day, a cloud from the autumn clouds gathered, and his uncle went out to seek rain beneath it, and a thunderbolt struck him and killed him. She said: The Abyssinians rushed in alarm to his son, but he was foolish, and there was no good in his children, and the affairs of the Abyssinians fell into confusion. [His assumption of kingship with the consent of the Abyssinians] When what they were in became oppressive to them, they said to one another: Know, by God, that your king, without whom your affairs cannot be set right, is the one you sold this morning. If you have any need of Abyssinia's affairs, then catch up with him now. She said: So they went out seeking him and the man to whom they had sold him, until they caught up with him, and took him from him. Then they brought him back, placed the crown upon him, seated him on the royal throne, and made him king. [The story of the merchant who had bought the Najāshī] The merchant to whom they had sold him came to them and said: Either you give me my money, or I shall speak to him about it? They said: We will give you nothing. He said: Then, by God, I shall speak to him. They said: You and he may settle it. She said: He came to him and sat before him, and said: O king, I bought a slave from some people in the market for six hundred dirhams. They handed over my slave to me and took my dirhams, but when I had set off with my slave, they caught up with me, took my slave, and kept my dirhams from me. She said: The Najāshī said to them: You shall give him his dirhams, or his slave shall place his hand in his hand and go with him wherever he wishes. They said: Rather we will give him his dirhams. She said: It is for that reason that he says: 'God did not take a bribe from me when He restored my kingdom to me, that I should take a bribe concerning it, and the people did not obey me that I should obey the people concerning it.' She said: That was the first thing known of his firmness in his religion and his justice in his judgment. Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Rūmān related to me from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, from ʿĀʾishah, who said: When the Najāshī died, it was said that a light continued to be seen over his grave.
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