Tarikh (al-Tabari) 744
Allah's sufficing His Prophet ﷺ against the mockers
[ مَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مِنْ الْعُلَمَاءِ: أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُمْ يَطُوفُونَ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَقَامَ وَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى جَنْبِهِ، فَمَرَّ بَهْ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَرَمَى فِي وَجْهِهِ بِوَرَقَةِ خَضْرَاءَ، فَعَمِيَ. وَمَرَّ بَهْ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ، فَأَشَارَ إلَى بَطْنِهِ، فَاسْتَسْقَى ( بَطْنُهُ ) فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ حَبَنًا وَمَرَّ بِهِ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَأَشَارَ إلَى أَثَرِ جُرْحٍ بِأَسْفَلِ كَعْبِ رِجْلِهِ، كَانَ أَصَابَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ بِسِنِينَ وَهُوَ يَجُرُّ سَبَلَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِرَجُلِ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ وَهُوَ يَرِيشُ نَبْلًا لَهُ، فَتَعَلَّقَ سَهْمٌ مِنْ نَبْلِهِ بِإِزَارِهِ، فَخَدَشَ فِي رِجْلِهِ ذَلِكَ الْخَدْشَ، وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءِ، فَانْتَقَضَ بِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ. وَمَرَّ بَهْ الْعَاصُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ، فَأَشَارَ إلَى أَخْمَصِ رِجْلِهِ وَخَرَجَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ لَهُ يُرِيدُ الطَّائِفَ، فَرَبَضَ بِهِ عَلَى شُبَارِقَةٍ فَدَخَلَتْ فِي أَخْمَصِ رِجْلِهِ شَوْكَةٌ فَقَتَلَتْهُ. وَمَرَّ بِهِ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ الطُّلَاطِلَةِ، فَأَشَارَ إلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَامْتَخَضَ قَيْحًا، فَقَتَلَهُ. ما أصاب الأسود بن عبد يغوث بن وهب وقال في الكامل: الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْمُسْتَهْزِئِينَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا رَأَى فَقُرَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: هَؤُلَاءِ مُلُوكُ الْأَرْضِ الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ مُلْكَ كِسْرَى. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ لِلنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ: أَمَا كُلِّمْتَ الْيَوْمَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ ! وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ. فَخَرَجَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ فَأَصَابَهُ السَّمُومُ فَاسْوَدَّ وَجْهُهُ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَمْ يَعْرِفُوهُ وَأَغْلَقُوا الْبَابَ دُونَهُ، فَرَجَعَ مُتَحَيِّرًا حَتَّى مَاتَ عَطَشًا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ جِبْرَائِيلَ أَوْمَأَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ فَأَصَابَتْهُ الْأَكَلَةُ فَامْتَلَأَ قَيْحًا فَمَاتَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَالْبَلَاذُرِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ حَنَى ظَهْرَ الْأَسْوَدِ حَتَّى احْقَوْقَفَ صَدْرُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِي خَالِي. فَقَالَ: دَعْهُ عَنْكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقَدْ كُفِيتَهُ. ما أصاب الحارث بن قيس السهمي وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ: أَرَأَيْتَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ إِلَهَهُ هَوَاهُ أَيْ مَهْوِيَّهُ قَدَّمَ الْمَفْعُولَ الثَّانِيَ لِأَنَّهُ أَهَمُّ وَجُمْلَةَ مَنِ مَفْعُولٌ أَوَّلُ لِأَرَأَيْتَ أَفَأَنْتَ تَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ وَكِيلا [الْفُرْقَانِ 43] حَافِظًا تَحْفَظُهُ مِنِ اتِّبَاعِ هَوَاهُ لَا. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: لَقَدْ غَرَّ مُحَمَّدٌ نَفْسَهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ وَعَدَهُمْ أَنْ يَحْيَوْا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، وَاللَّهِ مَا يُهْلِكُنَا إِلَّا الدَّهْرُ وَمُرُورُ الْأَيَّامِ وَالْأَحْدَاثِ. فَأَكَلَ حُوتًا مَمْلُوحًا فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَشْرَبُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَاءَ حَتَّى انْقَدَّ بَطْنُهُ. وَيُقَالُ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَتْهُ الذَّبْحَةُ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ: امْتَخَضَ رَأْسُهُ قَيْحًا. ما أصاب الأسود بن المطلب بن أسد قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: كَانَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَتَغَامَزُونَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ: قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ مُلُوكُ الْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ يَغْلِبُ عَلَى كُنُوزِ كِسْرَى وَقَيْصَرَ ثُمَّ يَمُكُّونَ وَيُصَفِّرُونَ. وَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِكَلَامٍ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُعْمِيَ اللَّهُ بَصَرَهُ وَيُثْكِلَهُ وَلَدَهُ فَخَرَجَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ ابْنَهُ وَقَدْ قَدِمَ مِنَ الشَّامِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ جَلَسَ فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ فَجَعَلَ جِبْرِيلُ ﷺ يَضْرِبُ وَجْهَهُ وَعَيْنَيْهِ بِوَرَقَةٍ مِنْ وَرَقِهَا خَضْرَاءَ وَبِشَوْكٍ مِنْ شَوْكِهَا حَتَّى عَمِيَ فَجَعَلَ يَسْتَغِيثُ بِغُلَامِهِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ غُلَامُهُ: مَا أَرَى أَحَدًا يَصْنَعُ بِكَ شَيْئًا غَيْرَ نَفْسِكَ. وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ ﷺ أَوْمَأَ إِلَى عَيْنَيْهِ فَعَمِيَ فَشُغِلَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ قُتِلَ ابْنُهُ زَمْعَةُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ، قَتَلَهُ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ وَيُقَالُ قَتَلَهُ ثَابِتُ بْنُ الْجِذْعِ، قُتِلَ ابْنُهُ عَقِيلٌ أَيْضًا، قَتَلَهُ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ. وَقِيلَ قَتَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَحْدَهُ ؓ. ما أصاب مالك بن الطلاطلة مَالِكُ بْنُ الطُّلَاطِلَةِ - بِطَائَيْنِ مُهْمَلَتَيْنِ الْأَوْلَى مَضْمُومَةٌ وَالثَّانِيَةُ مَكْسُورَةٌ- ابْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ غُبْشَانَ - بِضَمِّ الْغَيْنِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَسُكُونِ الْبَاءِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ بَعْدَهَا شِينٌ مُعْجَمَةٌ- ذَكَرَهُ فِيهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَالْبَلَاذُرِيُّ، وَكَانَ سَفِيهًا فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَعَاذَ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّهِ فَعَصَرَ جِبْرِيلُ بَطْنَهُ حَتَّى خَرَجَ خَلَاؤُهُ مِنْ بَطْنِهِ فَمَاتَ. ما جاء فيما أصاب الحكم بن أبي العاصي بن أمية الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِي بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ . قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: كَانَ مِمَّنْ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَشْتُمُهُ وَيُسْمِعُهُ مَا يَكْرَهُ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَهُوَ خَلْفَهُ يَخْلَجُ بِأَنْفِهِ وَفَمِهِ فَبَقِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَكَانَ مَغْمُوصًا عَلَيْهِ فِي دِينِهِ، - فَاطَّلَعَ يَوْمًا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي بَعْضِ حُجَرِ نِسَائِهِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ بِعَنَزَةٍ وَقَالَ: مَنْ عَذِيرِي مِنْ هَذَا الْوَزَغَةِ؟ لَوْ أَدْرَكْتُهُ لَفَقَأْتُ عَيْنَهُ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ ﷺ. وَلَعَنَهُ وَمَا وَلَدَ وَغَرَّبَهُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ خَارِجًا مِنْهَا إِلَى أَنْ مَاتَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ. قُلْتُ: وَرَوَى أَبُو الشَّيْخِ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: كَانَ رَجُلٌ خَلْفَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُحَاكِيهِ وَيَلْمَضُ فَرَآهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ كَذَلِكَ كُنْ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَلُبِطَ بِهِ مَغْشِيًّا عَلَيْهِ شَهْرًا ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ حِينَ أَفَاقَ وَهُوَ كَمَا يُحَاكِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَهَذَا الْمُبْهَمُ الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ الْحَكَمُ. وَذَكَرَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ مِمَّنْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَبُو الْأَصْدَاءِ وَكَانَ يَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا يُعَلِّمُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَسَاطِيرَهُمْ وَيَقُولُ النَّاسُ هُوَ مُعَلِّمٌ مَجْنُونٌ فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّهُ لَعَلَى جَبَلٍ إِذِ اجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَرْوَى فَنَطَحَتْهُ حَتَّى قَتَلَتْهُ وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِيهِمْ: أُمَيَّةَ بْنَ خَلَفٍ الْجُمَحِيَّ . قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ إِذَا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَمَزَهُ وَلَمَزَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ الَّذِي جَمَعَ مَالا وَعَدَّدَهُ .
Translation
✧ [What befell the mockers] Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Rūmān narrated to me, from ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, or another of the scholars: that Jibrīl came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while they were circumambulating the House, and he stood, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood beside him. Al-Aswad b. al-Muṭṭalib passed by him, and he threw a green leaf at his face, and he became blind. Al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth passed by him, and he pointed to his belly, and his belly swelled with dropsy, and he died of it. Al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah passed by him, and he pointed to the trace of a wound on the lower part of the ankle of his foot, which he had sustained years before while dragging his garment. That was because he had passed by a man of Khuzāʿah while he was fletching arrows, and an arrow from his quiver caught on his waist-wrapper, scratching that scratch on his foot, though it was nothing. It broke open and killed him. Al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil passed by him, and he pointed to the sole of his foot. He had gone out on his donkey, heading to al-Ṭāʾif, and it knelt with him on some thorny shrubs, and a thorn entered the sole of his foot and killed him. Al-Ḥārith b. al-Ṭulāṭilah passed by him, and he pointed to his head, and it filled with pus and killed him. What befell al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth b. Wahb And he said in al-Kāmil: Al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth b. Wahb b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Zuhrah, and he was the maternal uncle of the Prophet ﷺ, and he was one of the mockers. When he saw the poor Muslims, he would say to his companions: "These are the kings of the earth who will inherit the kingdom of Kisrā." And he would say to the Prophet ﷺ: "Have you not been spoken to today from heaven, O Muḥammad!" and the like of that. He went out from his family and the scorching wind struck him, and his face turned black. When he returned to them, they did not recognize him and shut the door against him. He went back bewildered until he died of thirst. It is also said: Jibrāʾīl gestured toward the sky and a disease struck him, and he filled with pus and died. Ibn Abī Ḥātim and al-Balādhurī narrated with a sound chain from ʿIkrimah that Jibrīl bent the back of al-Aswad until his chest became hollow and bent. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "My maternal uncle, my maternal uncle." He said: "Leave him from you, O Muḥammad, for you have been sufficed against him." What befell al-Ḥārith b. Qays al-Sahmī And about him was revealed: "Have you seen him who takes his own desire as his god?" (Al-Furqān 43), meaning his beloved thing; the second object is put first because it is more important, and the clause "man" is the first object of "Have you seen." "Would you then be a guardian over him?"—a protector who keeps him from following his desire? No. He used to say: "Muḥammad has deceived himself and his companions by promising them that they will live after death. By Allah, nothing destroys us except time and the passage of days and events." He ate salted fish and kept drinking water over it until his belly burst. It is also said that a throat disease struck him. Some said: his head filled with pus. What befell al-Aswad b. al-Muṭṭalib b. Asad Al-Balādhurī, may Allah have mercy on him, said: He and his companions used to wink and gesture at the Prophet ﷺ and his companions, saying: "The kings of the earth have come to you, and those who will seize the treasures of Kisrā and Qayṣar," then they would whistle and jeer. He spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with words that distressed him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated against him that Allah should blind his sight and bereave him of his son. He went out to meet his son, who had arrived from Syria. When he was partway along the road, he sat in the shade of a tree, and Jibrīl ﷺ began striking his face and eyes with a green leaf from its leaves and with a thorn from its thorns until he became blind. He called for help from his servant, and his servant said: "I see no one doing anything to you except yourself." It is also said that Jibrīl ﷺ gestured to his eyes and he became blind, and thus he was distracted from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. On the day of Badr, his son Zamʿah b. al-Aswad was killed; Abū Dujānah killed him, and it is said Thābit b. al-Jidhʿ killed him. His son ʿAqīl was also killed; Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and ʿAlī ؓ shared in killing him, and it is said ʿAlī ؓ killed him alone. What befell Mālik b. al-Ṭulāṭilah Mālik b. al-Ṭulāṭilah — with two dotted ṭāʾs, the first with ḍammah and the second with kasrah — b. ʿAmr b. Ghubshān — with ḍammah on the dotted ghayn and sukūn on the bāʾ, followed by a dotted shīn — Ibn al-Kalbī and al-Balādhurī mentioned him among them. He was foolish, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated against him and sought refuge with Allah from his evil. Jibrīl pressed his belly until his excrement came out of his belly and he died. What is reported concerning what befell al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣī b. Umayyah Al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣī b. Umayyah. Al-Balādhurī said: He was one of those who harmed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, insulting him and making him hear what he disliked. One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was walking while he was behind him, making gestures with his nose and mouth, and he remained like that. He professed Islam on the day of the conquest, but he was suspected in his religion. One day he looked in on the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in one of his wives' chambers, and he came out to him with a spear and said: "Who will excuse me from this lizard? If I had caught him, I would have gouged out his eye," or as he ﷺ said. He cursed him and what he begot, and banished him from al-Madīnah, and he remained banished until ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ died. I say: Abū al-Shaykh and Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Ibn ʿUmar ؓ who said: There was a man behind the Prophet ﷺ imitating him and making faces, and the Prophet ﷺ saw him and said: "Be as you are." He returned to his family and was struck down unconscious for a month, then he recovered when he recovered, and he was still imitating the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. This unnamed man is apparently al-Ḥakam. Al-Balādhurī mentioned among those who harmed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Abū al-Aṣdāʾ. He used to say to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "The People of the Book only teach you their legends, and people say he is a teacher, possessed." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated against him, and while he was on a mountain, a herd of mountain goats gathered upon him and gored him until they killed him. Ibn Isḥāq mentioned among them: Umayyah b. Khalaf al-Jumaḥī. Ibn Isḥāq said: When he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he would slander and defame him, so Allah, glorified and exalted be He, revealed: "Woe to every slanderer and defamer, who gathers wealth and counts it."
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