Tarikh (al-Tabari) 736
Mention of some of the harm the Messenger of Allah ﷺ suffered from his people
[ تَهَكُّمُ أَبِي لَهَبٍ بِالرَّسُولِ ﷺ، وَمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ أَبَا لَهَبٍ لَقِيَ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، حِينَ فَارَقَ قَوْمَهُ، وَظَاهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُرَيْشًا، فَقَالَ: يَا بِنْتَ عُتْبَةَ؛ هَلْ نَصَرْتِ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى، وَفَارَقْتِ مَنْ فَارَقَهُمَا وَظَاهَرَ عَلَيْهِمَا ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا يَا أَبَا عُتْبَةَ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحُدِّثْتُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي بَعْضِ مَا يَقُولُ: يَعِدُنِي مُحَمَّدٌ أَشْيَاءَ لَا أَرَاهَا، يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا كَائِنَةٌ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَمَاذَا وَضَعَ فِي يَدَيَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ يَنْفُخُ فِي يَدَيْهِ وَيَقُولُ: تَبًّا لَكُمَا، مَا أَرَى فِيكُمَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا يَقُولُ مُحَمَّدٌ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: تَبَّتْ: خَسِرَتْ. وَالتَّبَابُ: الْخُسْرَانُ. قَالَ حَبِيبُ بْنُ خُدْرَةَ الْخَارِجِيُّ: أَحَدُ بَنِي هِلَالِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ: : يَا طَيِّبُ إنَّا فِي مَعْشَرٍ ذَهَبَتْ مَسْعَاتُهُمْ فِي التَّبَارِ وَالتَّبَبِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الأَقْرَبِينَ صَعِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الصَّفَا فَجَعَلَ يُنَادِي: يَا بَنِي فِهْرٍ، يَا بَنِي عَدِيٍّ لِبُطُونٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، حَتَّى اجْتَمَعُوا فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولًا يَنْظُرُ مَا هُوَ، فَجَاءَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ وَقُرَيْشٌ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَرَأَيْتَكُمْ لَوْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ أَنَّ خَيْلًا بِالْوَادِي تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُغِيرَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَكُنْتُمْ مُصَدِّقِيَّ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ مَا جَرَّبْنَا عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا صِدْقًا قَالَ: فَإِنِّي لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ. فَقَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ: تَبًّا لَكَ سَائِرَ الْيَوْمِ أَلِهَذَا جَمَعْتَنَا! فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ تَبَّتْ ، يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ، وَتَبَّ. ووما كان يفعله عَمُّهُ أَبُو لَهَبٍ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أنه كَانَ شَدِيدًا عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، عَظِيمَ التَّكْذِيبِ لَهُ، دَائِمَ الْأَذَى، فَكَانَ يَطْرَحُ الْعَذِرَةَ وَالنَّتَنَ عَلَى بَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَكَانَ جَارَهُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: أَيُّ جِوَارٍ هَذَا يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ! فَرَآهُ يَوْمًا حَمْزَةُ فَأَخَذَ الْعَذِرَةَ وَطَرَحَهَا عَلَى رَأْسِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ فَجَعَلَ يَنْفُضُهَا عَنْ رَأْسِهِ وَيَقُولُ: " صَاحِبِي أَحْمَقُ ! " وَأَقْصَرَ عَمَّا كَانَ يَفْعَلُهُ، لَكِنَّهُ يَضَعُ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ. ذِكْرُ مَا لَقِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ الْأَذَى [ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أَبِي لَهَبٍ ] فَجَعَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حِينَ مَنَعَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا، وَقَامَ عَمُّهُ وَقَوْمُهُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَبَنِيَّ الْمُطَّلِبِ دُونَهُ، وَحَالُوا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ مَا أَرَادُوا مِنْ الْبَطْشِ بِهِ، يَهْمِزُونَهُ وَيَسْتَهْزِئُونَ بِهِ وَيُخَاصِمُونَهُ، وَجَعَلَ الْقُرْآنُ يَنْزِلُ فِي قُرَيْشٍ بِأَحْدَاثِهِمْ، وَفِيمَنْ نُصِبَ لِعَدَاوَتِهِ مِنْهُمْ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ سُمِّيَ لَنَا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ فِي عَامَّةِ مَنْ ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ مِنْ الْكُفَّارِ، فَكَانَ مِمَّنْ سُمِّيَ لَنَا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِمَّنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ عَمُّهُ أَبُو لَهَبِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَامْرَأَتُهُ أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ بِنْتُ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ، وَإِنَّمَا سَمَّاهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ، لِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ - فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي - تَحْمِلُ الشَّوْكَ فَتَطْرَحَهُ عَلَى طَرِيقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيْثُ يَمُرُّ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمَا: تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ مَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُ مَالُهُ وَمَا كَسَبَ سَيَصْلَى نَارًا ذَاتَ لَهَبٍ وَامْرَأَتُهُ حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ فِي جِيدِهَا حَبْلٌ مِنْ مَسَدٍ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْجِيدُ: الْعُنُقُ. قَالَ أَعْشَى بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ: : يَوْمَ تُبْدَى لَنَا قُتَيْلَةُ عَنْ جِيدٍ أَسِيلٍ تُزَيِّنُهُ الْأَطْوَاقُ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَجَمْعُهُ: أَجْيَادٌ. وَالْمَسَدُّ: شَجَرٌ يُدَقُّ كَمَا يُدَقُّ الْكَتَّانُ فَتُفْتَلُ مِنْهُ حِبَالٌ. قَالَ النَّابِغَةُ الذُّبْيَانِيُّ، وَاسْمُهُ زِيَادُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ: : مَقْذُوفَةٍ بِدَخِيسِ النَّحْضِ بَازِلُهَا لَهُ صَرِيفٌ صَرِيفَ الْقَعْوِ بِالْمَسَدِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَوَاحِدَتُهُ: مَسَدَةٌ. [ أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ وَرَدُّ اللَّهِ كَيْدَهَا عَنْ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَذُكِرَ لِي: أَنَّ أُمَّ جَمِيلٍ: حَمَّالَةَ الْحَطَبِ، حِينَ سَمِعَتْ مَا نَزَلَ فِيهَا، وَفِي زَوْجِهَا مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ، أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، وَفِي يَدِهَا فِهْرٌ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ، فَلَمَّا وَقَفَتْ عَلَيْهِمَا أَخَذَ اللَّهُ بِبَصَرِهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَا تَرَى إلَّا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ: أَيْنَ صَاحِبُكَ، فَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ يَهْجُونِي، وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ وَجَدْتُهُ لَضَرَبْتُ بِهَذَا الْفِهْرِ فَاهُ، أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ إنِّي لَشَاعِرَةٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: : مُذَمَّمًا عَصَيْنَا وَأَمْرَهُ أَبَيْنَا : وَدِينَهُ قَلَيْنَا ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَتْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمَا تَرَاهَا رَأَتْكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا رَأَتْنِي، لَقَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ بِبَصَرِهَا عَنِّي. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: قَوْلُهَا وَدِينَهُ قَلَيْنَا عَنْ غَيْرِ ابْنِ إسْحَاقَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إنَّمَا تُسَمِّي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُذَمَّمًا، ثُمَّ يَسُبُّونَهُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: أَلَا تَعْجَبُونَ لِمَا يَصْرِفُ اللَّهُ عَنِّي مِنْ أَذَى قُرَيْشٍ، يَسُبُّونَ وَيَهْجُونَ مُذَمَّمًا، وَأَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ
Translation
✧ [The Mockery of Abū Lahab toward the Messenger ﷺ, and What Allah Revealed Concerning Him] Ibn Isḥāq said: Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me that Abū Lahab met Hind bt. ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah when he had separated from his people and aided Quraysh against them. He said: “O daughter of ʿUtbah, have you supported al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā, and separated from those who separated from them and aided against them?” She said: “Yes, may Allah reward you well, O Abū ʿUtbah.” Ibn Isḥāq said: I was told that he used to say among other things: “Muḥammad promises me things I do not see; he claims they will be after death. What has he placed in my hands after that?” Then he would blow into his hands and say: “Perish you both! I see in you nothing of what Muḥammad says.” So Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning him: “May the hands of Abū Lahab perish, and may he perish” (Q 111:1). Ibn Hishām said: tabbat means “lost”; al-tabāb means “loss.” Ḥabīb b. Khudrah al-Khārijī, one of Banū Hilāl b. ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, said: Yā Ṭayyib, we are among a people whose efforts have gone to ruin and loss. And this verse is from an ode of his. The two Shaykhs reported from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that when “And warn your nearest kindred” (Q 26:214) was revealed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ascended al-Ṣafā and began calling out: “O Banū Fihr! O Banū ʿAdī!” to the clans of Quraysh until they gathered. A man who could not come out sent a messenger to see what it was. Abū Lahab and Quraysh came. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Do you think that if I told you there were horsemen in the valley who wanted to raid you, you would believe me?” They said: “Yes, we have experienced nothing from you but truthfulness.” He said: “Then I am a warner to you before a severe punishment.” Abū Lahab said: “May you perish for the rest of the day! Is it for this you have gathered us?” So Allah, exalted is He, revealed: In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate: “May the hands of Abū Lahab perish, and may he perish.” And what his uncle Abū Lahab ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib did: he was harsh toward him and the Muslims, greatly denying him, constantly harmful. He would throw filth and stench at the Prophet’s door ﷺ, for he was his neighbor. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say: “What kind of neighborliness is this, O Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib!” One day Ḥamzah saw him, took the filth and threw it on Abū Lahab’s head. He began shaking it off his head and saying: “My companion is a fool!” And he stopped doing what he used to do, but he would appoint someone to do it. Mention of what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ suffered from his people of harm. [What Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning Abū Lahab] When Allah protected him from them, and his uncle and his people from Banū Hāshim and Banū al-Muṭṭalib stood beside him and intervened between them and the violence they intended, Quraysh began to revile him, mock him, and dispute with him. The Qur’an began to descend concerning Quraysh and their events, and concerning those among them who set themselves to hostility toward him. Some of them are named for us, and some are those about whom the Qur’an descended among the generality of the disbelievers whom Allah mentioned. Among those of Quraysh named for us about whom the Qur’an descended were his uncle Abū Lahab b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and his wife Umm Jamīl bt. Ḥarb b. Umayyah, the carrier of firewood. Allah, exalted is He, called her “carrier of firewood” because, as I have been told, she used to carry thorny branches and throw them in the path of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ where he would walk. So Allah, exalted is He, revealed concerning them both: “May the hands of Abū Lahab perish, and may he perish. His wealth will not avail him, nor what he has earned. He will burn in a fire of blazing flame, and his wife, the carrier of firewood, with a rope of palm fiber around her neck” (Q 111:1–5). Ibn Hishām said: al-jīd means “neck.” Aʿshā Banī Qays b. Thaʿlabah said: On the day Qutaylah appears to us with a slender neck adorned by necklaces. And this verse is from an ode of his, and its plural is ajyād. Al-masad is a tree that is pounded like flax, and from it ropes are twisted. Al-Nābighah al-Dhubyānī, whose name was Ziyād b. ʿAmr b. Muʿāwiyah, said: A she-camel cast with firm flesh whose grinder is the creak of the pulley with palm fiber. And this verse is from an ode of his, and its singular is masadah. [Umm Jamīl and Allah’s turning her plot away from the Messenger ﷺ] Ibn Isḥāq said: It was mentioned to me that Umm Jamīl, the carrier of firewood, when she heard what had been revealed concerning her and her husband in the Qur’an, came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was sitting in the mosque near the Kaʿbah, with Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. In her hand was a stone pestle. When she stood before them, Allah took her sight away from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so she saw only Abū Bakr. She said: “O Abū Bakr, where is your companion? I have heard that he satirizes me. By Allah, if I found him, I would strike his mouth with this pestle. By Allah, I am a poetess.” Then she said: We disobeyed a blameworthy one, and refused his command, And we hated his religion. Then she left. Abū Bakr said: “O Messenger of Allah, do you not see that she saw you?” He said: “She did not see me. Allah took her sight away from me.” Ibn Hishām said: Her words “and we hated his religion” are from someone other than Ibn Isḥāq. Ibn Isḥāq said: Quraysh used to call the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Mudhammam (“the blamed one”), then insult him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say: “Do you not wonder at how Allah diverts from me the harm of Quraysh? They insult and satirize Mudhammam, but I am Muḥammad.”
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