Tarikh (al-Tabari) 734
قِصَّةُ اسْتِمَاعِ قُرَيْشٍ إلَى قِرَاءَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ [ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَأَبُو جَهْلٍ وَالْأَخْنَسُ، وَحَدِيثُ اسْتِمَاعِهِمْ لِلرَّسُولِ ﷺ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ حُدِّثَ: أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ، وَأَبَا جَهْلِ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، وَالْأَخْنَسَ بْنَ شَرِيقِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، حَلِيفَ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، خَرَجُوا لَيْلَةً لِيَسْتَمِعُوا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي مِنْ اللَّيْلِ فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَأَخَذَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مَجْلِسًا يَسْتَمِعُ فِيهِ، وَكُلٌّ لَا يَعْلَمُ بِمَكَانِ صَاحِبِهِ، فَبَاتُوا يَسْتَمِعُونَ لَهُ، حَتَّى إذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ تَفَرَّقُوا. فَجَمَعَهُمْ الطَّرِيقُ، فَتَلَاوَمُوا، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: لَا تَعُودُوا، فَلَوْ رَآكُمْ بَعْضُ سُفَهَائِكُمْ لَأَوْقَعْتُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا. حَتَّى إذَا كَانَتْ اللَّيْلَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ، عَادَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ إلَى مَجْلِسِهِ، فَبَاتُوا يَسْتَمِعُونَ لَهُ، حَتَّى إذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ تَفَرَّقُوا، فَجَمَعَهُمْ الطَّرِيقُ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ مِثْلَ مَا قَالُوا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا. حَتَّى إذَا كَانَتْ اللَّيْلَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ أَخَذَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مَجْلِسَهُ، فَبَاتُوا يَسْتَمِعُونَ لَهُ، حَتَّى إذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ تَفَرَّقُوا، فَجَمَعَهُمْ الطَّرِيقُ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: لَا نَبْرَحُ حَتَّى نَتَعَاهَدَ أَلَا نَعُودَ: فَتَعَاهَدُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقُوا. [ ذَهَابُ الْأَخْنَسِ إلَى أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مَعْنَى مَا سَمِعَ ] فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ الْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ شَرِيقٍ أَخَذَ عَصَاهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى أَتَى أَبَا سُفْيَانَ فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي يَا أَبَا حَنْظَلَةَ عَنْ رَأْيِكَ فِيمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا ثَعْلَبَةَ وَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ أَشْيَاءَ أَعْرِفُهَا وَأَعْرِفُ مَا يُرَادُ بِهَا، وَسَمِعْتُ أَشْيَاءَ مَا عَرَفْتُ مَعْنَاهَا، وَلَا مَا يُرَادُ بِهَا؛ قَالَ الْأَخْنَسُ: وَأَنَا الَّذِي حَلَفْتَ بِهِ ( كَذَلِكَ ). [ ذَهَابُ الْأَخْنَسِ إلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مَعْنَى مَا سَمِعَ ] قَالَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ حَتَّى أَتَى أَبَا جَهْلٍ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بَيْتَهُ، فَقَالَ. يَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ، مَا رَأْيُكَ فِيمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَاذَا سَمِعْتُ، تَنَازَعْنَا نَحْنُ وَبَنُو عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ الشَّرَفَ، أَطْعَمُوا فَأَطْعَمْنَا، وَحَمَلُوا فَحَمَلْنَا، وَأَعْطَوْا فَأَعْطَيْنَا، حَتَّى إذَا تَجَاذَيْنَا عَلَى الرَّكْبِ، وَكُنَّا كَفَرَسَيْ رِهَانٍ، قَالُوا: مِنَّا نَبِيٌّ يَأْتِيهِ الْوَحْيُ مِنْ السَّمَاءِ، فَمَتَى نُدْرِكُ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ، وَاَللَّهِ لَا نُؤْمِنُ بِهِ أَبَدًا وَلَا نُصَدِّقُهُ. قَالَ: فَقَامَ عَنْهُ الْأَخْنَسُ وَتَرَكَهُ. وعَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ عَرَفْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَمْشِي أَنَا وَأَبُو جَهْلِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي بَعْضِ أَزِقَّةِ مَكَّةَ، إِذْ لَقِيَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي جَهْلٍ: " يَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ هَلُمَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ، أَدْعُوكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ". فَقَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، هَلْ أَنْتَ مُنْتَهٍ عَنْ سَبِّ آلِهَتِنَا ؟ هَلْ تُرِيدُ إِلَّا أَنْ نَشْهَدَ أَنَّكَ قَدْ بَلَّغْتَ ؟ فَنَحْنُ نَشْهَدُ أَنَّ قَدْ بَلَّغْتَ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مَا تَقُولُ حَقٌّ لَاتَّبَعْتُكَ. فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مَا يَقُولُ حَقٌّ، وَلَكِنْ يَمْنَعُنِي شَيْءٌ ; إِنَّ بَنِي قُصَيٍّ، قَالُوا: فِينَا الْحِجَابَةُ. فَقُلْنَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا: فِينَا السِّقَايَةُ. فَقُلْنَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا: فِينَا النَّدْوَةُ. فَقُلْنَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا فِينَا اللِّوَاءُ. فَقُلْنَا: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ أَطْعَمُوا وَأَطْعَمْنَا، حَتَّى إِذَا تَحَاكَّتِ الرُّكَبُ، قَالُوا: مِنَّا نَبِيٌّ. وَاللَّهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ. [ تَعَنُّتُ قُرَيْشٍ فِي عَدَمِ اسْتِمَاعِهِمْ لِلرَّسُولِ ﷺ، وَمَا أَنْزَلَهُ تَعَالَى ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إذَا تَلَا عَلَيْهِمْ الْقُرْآنَ، وَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ، قَالُوا يَهْزَءُونَ بِهِ: قُلُوبُنَا فِي أَكِنَّةٍ مِمَّا تَدْعُونَا إلَيْهِ لَا نَفْقَهُ مَا تَقُولُ وَفِي آذَانِنَا وَقْرٌ لَا نَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ وَمِنْ بَيْنِنَا وَبَيْنِكَ حِجَابٌ قَدْ حَالَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ ( فَاعْمَلْ ) بِمَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ إنَّنَا عَامِلُونَ بِمَا نَحْنُ عَلَيْهِ، إنَّا لَا نَفْقَهُ عَنْكَ شَيْئًا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ( عَلَيْهِ ) فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: وَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ جَعَلْنَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ حِجَابًا مَسْتُورًا إلَى قَوْلِهِ وَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَ رَبَّكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَحْدَهُ وَلَّوْا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهِمْ نُفُورًا أَيْ كَيْفَ فَهِمُوا تَوْحِيدَكَ رَبَّكَ إنْ كُنْتُ جَعَلْتُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ أَكِنَّةً، وَفِي آذَانِهِمْ وَقْرًا، وَبَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ حِجَابًا بِزَعْمِهِمْ؛ أَيْ إنِّي لَمْ أَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ. نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَإِذْ هُمْ نَجْوَى إِذْ يَقُولُ الظَّالِمُونَ إِنْ تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَسْحُورًا أَيْ ذَلِكَ مَا تَوَاصَوْا بِهِ مِنْ تَرْكِ مَا بَعَثْتُكَ بِهِ إلَيْهِمْ. انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا لَكَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَضَلُّوا فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا أَيْ أَخْطَئُوا الْمَثَلَ الَّذِي ضَرَبُوا ( لَكَ )، فَلَا يُصِيبُونَ بِهِ هُدًى، وَلَا يَعْتَدِلُ لَهُمْ فِيهِ قَوْلٌ وَقَالُوا أَئِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا أَئِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ خَلْقًا جَدِيدًا أَيْ قَدْ جِئْتَ تُخْبِرُنَا أَنَّا سَنُبْعَثُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِنَا إذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا وَرُفَاتًا، وَذَلِكَ مَا لَا يَكُونُ. قُلْ كُونُوا حِجَارَةً أَوْ حَدِيدًا أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَنْ يُعِيدُنَا قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ أَيْ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِمَّا تَعْرِفُونَ، فَلَيْسَ خَلْقُكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ بِأَعَزَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ مَا الَّذِي أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: الْمَوْتُ.
Translation
✧ The story of Quraysh listening to the recitation of the Prophet ﷺ [Abū Sufyān, Abū Jahl, and al-Akhnas, and the account of their listening to the Messenger ﷺ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. Muslim b. Shihāb al-Zuhrī related to me that he was told: That Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb, Abū Jahl b. Hishām, and al-Akhnas b. Sharīq b. ʿAmr b. Wahb al-Thaqafī, the confederate of Banū Zuhrah, went out one night to listen to the Messenger of God ﷺ while he was praying at night in his house. Each man took a place from which to listen, and none of them knew where his companion was. They spent the night listening to him, until when dawn broke they dispersed. The road brought them together, and they reproached one another. Some of them said to the others: Do not do this again; for if some of your foolish ones saw you, you would put something into his mind. Then they left. When the second night came, each man returned to his place, and they spent the night listening to him, until when dawn broke they dispersed. The road brought them together, and they said to one another the like of what they had said the first time. Then they left. When the third night came, each man took his place, and they spent the night listening to him, until when dawn broke they dispersed. The road brought them together, and they said to one another: We shall not leave until we pledge not to return. So they pledged to that, then they dispersed. [Al-Akhnas going to Abū Sufyān to ask him about the meaning of what he heard] When morning came, al-Akhnas b. Sharīq took his staff, then went out until he came to Abū Sufyān in his house and said: Tell me, O Abū Ḥanẓalah, your opinion about what you heard from Muḥammad. He said: O Abū Thaʿlabah, by God, I heard things I recognize and I recognize what is intended by them, and I heard things whose meaning I did not recognize, nor what is intended by them. Al-Akhnas said: And I, by the One by whom you swore, am likewise. [Al-Akhnas going to Abū Jahl to ask him about the meaning of what he heard] He said: Then he left him and went until he came to Abū Jahl, entered his house upon him, and said: O Abū al-Ḥakam, what is your opinion about what you heard from Muḥammad? He said: What did I hear? We and Banū ʿAbd Manāf contended for honor: they fed, so we fed; they bore burdens, so we bore burdens; they gave, so we gave; until when we drew even like two racehorses, they said: Among us is a prophet to whom revelation comes from heaven. When shall we attain the like of this? By God, we shall never believe in him nor ever declare him truthful. He said: Then al-Akhnas rose and left him. And from al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, who said: The first day I recognized the Messenger of God ﷺ was when I was walking with Abū Jahl b. Hishām in one of the alleys of Makkah, when the Messenger of God ﷺ met us. The Messenger of God ﷺ said to Abū Jahl: "O Abū al-Ḥakam, come to God and to His Messenger; I call you to God." Abū Jahl said: O Muḥammad, will you not stop reviling our gods? Do you want anything except that we bear witness that you have conveyed? Then we bear witness that you have conveyed. By God, if I knew that what you say is true, I would have followed you. The Messenger of God ﷺ turned away, and ʿAlī came forward and said: By God, I know that what he says is true, but something prevents me. Banū Quṣayy said: Among us is the ḥijābah. So we said: Yes. Then they said: Among us is the siqāyah. So we said: Yes. Then they said: Among us is the nadwah. So we said: Yes. Then they said: Among us is the liwāʾ. So we said: Yes. Then they fed, and we fed, until when the knees rubbed together, they said: Among us is a prophet. By God, I will not do it. [The stubbornness of Quraysh in not listening to the Messenger ﷺ, and what God Most High revealed] Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ recited the Qurʾān to them and called them to God, they said in mockery of him: Our hearts are in coverings from what you call us to; we do not understand what you say, and in our ears is deafness; we do not hear what you say, and between us and you is a veil that has come between us and you. So act upon what you are upon; we are acting upon what we are upon. We do not understand anything from you. Then God Most High revealed concerning that saying of theirs: And when you recite the Qurʾān, We place between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a hidden veil — up to His saying: And when you mention your Lord alone in the Qurʾān, they turn their backs in aversion. That is: how did they understand your declaring the oneness of your Lord if I had placed upon their hearts coverings, and in their ears deafness, and between you and them a veil, as they claim? That is: I did not do that. We know best what they listen to when they listen to you, and when they are in secret counsel, when the wrongdoers say: You are following none but a bewitched man. That is: that is what they enjoined one another of abandoning what I sent you with to them. Look how they strike similitudes for you, so they have gone astray and cannot find a way. That is: they erred in the similitude which they struck for you, so they do not attain guidance by it, nor is any statement of theirs sound concerning it. And they say: What, when we are bones and crumbled dust, shall we indeed be raised as a new creation? That is: you have come to inform us that we shall be raised after our death when we are bones and crumbled dust, and that is something that will not happen. Say: Be stones or iron, or some creation that is great in your breasts. Then they will say: Who will bring us back? Say: He who originated you the first time. That is: He who created you from what you know, so your creation from dust is not more difficult for Him than that. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Najīḥ related to me, from Mujāhid, from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: I asked him about the saying of God Most High: Or some creation that is great in your breasts — what did God mean by it? He said: Death.
Grades by grader
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