Tarikh (al-Tabari) 729
The Prophet's ﷺ open proclamation to his people and their response
[ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ أَكْثَرِ مَا رَأَى قُرَيْشًا نَالَتْهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا أَكْثَرَ مَا رَأَيْتَ قُرَيْشًا أَصَابُوا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيمَا كَانُوا يُظْهِرُونَ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ ؟ قَالَ: حَضَرْتُهُمْ، وَقَدْ اجْتَمَعَ أَشْرَافُهُمْ يَوْمًا فِي الْحِجْرِ، فَذَكَرُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا: مَا رَأَيْنَا مِثْلَ مَا صَبَرْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ قَطُّ، سَفَّهَ أَحْلَامَنَا، وَشَتَمَ آبَاءَنَا، وَعَابَ دِينَنَا، وَفَرَّقَ جَمَاعَتَنَا، وَسَبَّ آلِهَتَنَا، لَقَدْ صَبَرْنَا مِنْهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ، أَوْ كَمَا قَالُوا: فَبَيْنَا هُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ إذْ طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَقْبَلَ يَمْشِي حَتَّى اسْتَلَمَ الرُّكْنَ، ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِهِمْ طَائِفًا بِالْبَيْتِ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِهِمْ غَمَزُوهُ بِبَعْضِ الْقَوْلِ. قَالَ: فَعَرَفْتُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَضَى، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِهِمْ الثَّانِيَةَ غَمَزُوهُ بِمِثْلِهَا، فَعَرَفْتُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِهِمْ الثَّالِثَةَ فَغَمَزُوهُ بِمِثْلِهَا، فَوَقَفَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَتَسْمَعُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، أَمَا وَاَلَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِالذَّبْحِ. قَالَ: فَأَخَذَتْ الْقَوْمَ كَلِمَتُهُ حَتَّى مَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إلَّا كَأَنَّمَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ طَائِرٌ وَاقِعٌ، حَتَّى إنَّ أَشَدَّهُمْ فِيهِ وَصَاةً قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لَيَرْفَؤُهُ بِأَحْسَنِ مَا يَجِدُ مِنْ الْقَوْلِ، حَتَّى إنَّهُ لِيَقُولَ: انْصَرِفْ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا كُنْتَ جَهُولًا. قَالَ: فَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْحِجْرِ وَأَنَا مَعَهُمْ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: ذَكَرْتُمْ مَا بَلَغَ مِنْكُمْ، وَمَا بَلَغَكُمْ عَنْهُ، حَتَّى إذَا بَادَاكُمْ بِمَا تَكْرَهُونَ تَرَكْتُمُوهُ. فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ طَلَعَ ( عَلَيْهِمْ ) رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَثَبُوا إلَيْهِ وَثْبَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَأَحَاطُوا بِهِ، يَقُولُونَ: أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، لِمَا كَانَ يَقُولُ مِنْ عَيْبِ آلِهَتِهِمْ وَدِينِهِمْ؛ فَيَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَعَمْ: أَنَا الَّذِي أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ أَخَذَ بِمِجْمَعِ رِدَائِهِ. قَالَ: فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ دُونَهُ، وَهُوَ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّي اللَّهُ ؟ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَأَشَدُّ مَا رَأَيْتُ قُرَيْشًا نَالُوا مِنْهُ قَطُّ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ الْمَلَأَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي الْحِجْرِ فَتَعَاهَدُوا بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةِ الْأُخْرَى: لَوْ قَدْ رَأَيْنَا مُحَمَّدًا قُمْنَا إِلَيْهِ قِيَامَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فَلَمْ نُفَارِقْهُ حَتَّى نَقْتُلَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَبْكِي حَتَّى دَخَلَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ [ ﷺ ] فَقَالَتْ: هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَلَأُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ فِي الْحِجْرِ قَدْ تَعَاهَدُوا أَنْ لَوْ رَأَوْكَ قَامُوا إِلَيْكَ يَقْتُلُونَكَ، فَلَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا قَدْ عَرَفَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ بَدَنِكَ. فَقَالَ: "يَا بُنَيَّةُ أَرِنِي وَضُوءًا" فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَسْجِدَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَالُوا: هُوَ هَذَا، هُوَ هَذَا. فَخَفَضُوا أَبْصَارَهُمْ وَعُقِرُوا فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَرْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِ أَبْصَارَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَقُمْ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ فَأَخَذَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ فَحَصَبَهُمْ بِهَا. وَقَالَ: "شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوهَ" فَمَا أَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ حَصَاةً إِلَّا قُتِلَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ كَافِرًا. وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ غَيْرَ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي وَرَهْطٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ جُلُوسٌ وَسَلَا جَزُورٍ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالُوا: مَنْ يَأْخُذُ هَذَا السَّلَا فَيُلْقِيهِ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ؟ فَقَالَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ: أَنَا. فَأَخَذَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ سَاجِدًا حَتَّى جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ فَأَخَذَتْهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِالْمَلَإِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِشَيْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ. اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِأَبِي جَهْلِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِعُقَبْةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، اللَّهُمَّ عَلَيْكَ بِأُبَيِّ بْنِ خَلَفٍ" - أَوْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ". فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُمْ قُتِلُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سُحِبُوا إِلَى الْقَلِيبِ غَيْرَ أُبَيٍّ - أَوْ أُمَيَّةَ - فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلًا ضَخْمًا فَتَقَطَّعَ. زَادَ الْبَزَّارُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَقِيَهُ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ وَمَعَ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ سَوْطٌ يَتَخَصَّرُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْكَرَ وَجْهَهُ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: خَلِّ عَنِّي قَالَ: عَلِمَ اللَّهُ لَا أُخَلِّي عَنْكَ أَوْ تُخْبِرُنِي مَا شَأْنُكَ فَلَقَدْ أَصَابَكَ شَيْءٌ. فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُخَلٍّ عَنْهُ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ أَمَرَ فَطُرِحَ عَلَيَّ فَرْثٌ. قَالَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ. فَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ فَدَخَلَا الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ أَنْتَ الَّذِي أَمَرْتَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ فَطُرِحَ عَلَيْهِ الْفَرْثُ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَرَفَعَ السَّوْطَ. فَضَرَبَ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ فَثَارَ الرِّجَالُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَصَاحَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: وَيْحَكُمْ إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَنْ يُلْقِيَ بَيْنَنَا الْعَدَاوَةَ وَيَنْجُوَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ. [ بَعْضُ مَا نَالَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِي سَبِيلِ الرَّسُولِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ، وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ آلِ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: ( لَقَدْ ) رَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَقَدْ صَدَعُوا فَرْقَ رَأْسِهِ، مِمَّا جَبَذُوهُ بِلِحْيَتِهِ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا كَثِيرَ الشَّعْرِ. [ أَشَدُّ مَا أُوذِيَ بِهِ الرَّسُولُ ﷺ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ أَشَدَّ مَا لَقِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ يَوْمًا فَلَمْ يَلْقَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ النَّاسِ إلَّا كَذَّبَهُ وَآذَاهُ، لَا حُرٌّ وَلَا عَبْدٌ، فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، فَتَدَثَّرَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ مَا أَصَابَهُ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ قُمْ فَأَنْذِرْ
Translation
✧ [The ḥadīth of Ibn al-ʿĀṣ about the most severe thing he saw Quraysh inflict upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Yaḥyā b. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr narrated to me, from his father ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, who said: I said to him: What was the most severe thing you saw Quraysh inflict upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in what they displayed of their enmity toward him? He said: I attended them when their nobles gathered one day in the Ḥijr, and they mentioned the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: We have never seen the like of what we have endured from the affair of this man. He has made fools of our dreams, reviled our fathers, faulted our religion, divided our community, and cursed our gods. We have endured from him a great matter, or as they said. While they were thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appeared, and he came walking until he touched the corner, then passed by them circumambulating the House. When he passed by them, they winked at him with some words. He said: I recognized that in the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: Then he went on. When he passed by them the second time, they winked at him with the like of it, and I recognized that in the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then he passed by them the third time, and they winked at him with the like of it, so he stopped and said: Do you hear, O assembly of Quraysh? By the One in whose hand is my soul, I have brought you slaughter. He said: His word seized the people, until there was not a man among them but it was as though a bird had landed on his head, until even the most severe of them in counsel against him before that was soothing him with the best words he could find, until he would say: Depart, O Abū al-Qāsim, for by Allah you were never ignorant. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed. When the morrow came, they gathered in the Ḥijr, and I was with them. Some of them said to others: You mentioned what he did to you and what you heard from him, until when he confronted you with what you dislike, you left him. While they were thus, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appeared to them, and they leaped upon him with the leap of one man, and surrounded him, saying: You are the one who says such and such, for what he used to say in faulting their gods and their religion. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Yes, I am the one who says that. He said: I saw one of them seize the gathered folds of his cloak. He said: Abū Bakr ؓ stood before him, weeping and saying: Would you kill a man for saying, 'My Lord is Allah'? Then they turned away from him. That was the most severe thing I ever saw Quraysh inflict upon him. And from Ibn ʿAbbās: That the chiefs of Quraysh gathered in the Ḥijr and swore by al-Lāt, al-ʿUzzā, and Manāt, the third, the other: If we see Muḥammad, we will rise against him as one man and not leave him until we kill him. Fāṭimah came weeping until she entered upon her father, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and said: These chiefs of Quraysh from your people in the Ḥijr have sworn that if they see you, they will rise against you and kill you. There is not a man among them but knows his share of your body. He said: "O my little daughter, show me water for ablution." So he performed ablution, then entered the mosque upon them. When they saw him, they said: It is he, it is he. They lowered their gazes and were hamstrung in their seats, not raising their eyes to him, and not a man of them rose. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came forward until he stood over their heads, took a handful of dust, and pelted them with it, saying: "May the faces be ugly." Not a man among them was struck by a pebble but he was killed on the day of Badr as an unbeliever. And from ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I did not see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicate against Quraysh except on a single day, for he was praying while a group of Quraysh sat and the amniotic sac of a slaughtered camel was near them. They said: Who will take this sac and cast it on his back? ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ said: I will. He took it and cast it on his back, and he remained prostrating until Fāṭimah came and removed it from his back. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Allah, take for Yourself the chiefs of Quraysh. O Allah, take for Yourself ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah. O Allah, take for Yourself Shaybah b. Rabīʿah. O Allah, take for Yourself Abū Jahl b. Hishām. O Allah, take for Yourself ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ. O Allah, take for Yourself Ubayy b. Khalaf" — or Umayyah b. Khalaf. ʿAbd Allāh said: I saw them all killed on the day of Badr, then dragged to the well, except Ubayy — or Umayyah — for he was a large man and was torn apart. Al-Bazzār and al-Ṭabarānī in al-Awsaṭ added: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left the mosque, and Abū al-Bakhtarī met him, and with Abū al-Bakhtarī was a whip with which he gestured. When he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he disapproved of his face and said: What is the matter with you? The Prophet ﷺ said: Let me be. He said: Allah knows I will not let you be until you tell me your affair, for something has afflicted you. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ knew he would not let him be, he told him: Abū Jahl ordered that dung be thrown upon me. Abū al-Bakhtarī said: Come to the mosque. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū al-Bakhtarī came and entered the mosque. Then Abū al-Bakhtarī turned to Abū Jahl and said: O Abū al-Ḥakam, are you the one who ordered Muḥammad to have dung thrown upon him? He said: Yes. He raised the whip and struck his head with it. The men rose against one another, and Abū Jahl shouted: Woe to you! Muḥammad only wanted to cast enmity among us and escape with his companions. [Some of what Abū Bakr suffered in the path of the Messenger] Ibn Isḥāq said: Someone from the family of Umm Kulthūm bt. Abī Bakr narrated to me that she said: Abū Bakr returned that day with the parting of his head split open, from their pulling of his beard, for he was a man of much hair. [The most severe harm inflicted upon the Messenger ﷺ] Ibn Hishām said: Some people of knowledge narrated to me that the most severe thing the Messenger of Allah ﷺ met from Quraysh was that he went out one day and met no one among the people but they denied him and harmed him, neither free man nor slave. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to his dwelling and wrapped himself in his garment from the severity of what had afflicted him. Then Allah, exalted is He, sent down upon him: "O you wrapped in garments, arise and warn."
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