Tarikh (al-Tabari) 68
The story of the creation of Adam (peace be upon him)
وَفَاةِ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ رَوَى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لِآدَمَ حِينَ خَلَقَهُ: ائْتِ أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ قُلِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَمْ، فَأَتَاهُمْ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَالُوا لَهُ: عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَذِهِ تَحِيَّتُكَ وَتَحِيَّةُ ذُرِّيَّتِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَبَضَ لَهُ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ خُذْ وَاخْتَرْ. فَقَالَ: أَحْبَبْتُ يَمِينَ رَبِّي وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ، فَفَتَحَهَا لَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهَا صُورَةُ آدَمَ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كُلِّهِمْ، وَإِذَا كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ مَكْتُوبٌ عِنْدَهُ أَجَلُهُ، وَإِذَا آدَمُ قَدْ كُتِبَ لَهُ عُمُرُ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ، وَإِذَا قَوْمٌ عَلَيْهِمُ النُّورُ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ عَلَيْهِمُ النُّورُ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَالرُّسُلُ الَّذِينَ أُرْسِلُهُمْ إِلَى عِبَادِي، وَإِذَا فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ هُوَ مِنْ أَضْوَئِهِمْ نُورًا وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ لَهُ مِنَ الْعُمُرِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً. فَقَالَ آدَمُ: يَا رَبِّ، هَذَا مِنْ أَضْوَئِهِمْ وَلَمْ تَكْتُبْ لَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، بَعْدَ أَنْ أَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّهُ دَاوُدُ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - فَقَالَ: ذَلِكَ مَا كَتَبْتُ لَهُ. فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، انْقُصْ لَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتِّينَ سَنَةً. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " فَلَمَّا أُهْبِطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَانَ يَعُدُّ أَيَّامَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِقَبْضِهِ قَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ: عَجِلْتَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ ! قَدْ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتُّونَ سَنَةً. فَقَالَ لَهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ: مَا بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ، سَأَلْتَ رَبَّكَ أَنْ يَكْتُبَهُ لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ. فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلْتُ ! " فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: فَنَسِيَ آدَمُ فَنَسِيَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ، وَجَحَدَ فَجَحَدَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ فَحِينَئِذٍ وَضَعَ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ وَأَمَرَ بِالشُّهُودِ ". وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَ عُمُرُ آدَمَ تِسْعَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَسِتًّا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، وَأَهْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عُمُرَ آدَمَ تِسْعُمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، وَالْأَخْبَارُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَالْعُلَمَاءِ مَا ذَكَرْنَا، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ الْخَلْقِ. وَعَلَى رِوَايَةِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ الَّتِي فِيهَا أَنَّ آدَمَ وَهَبَ دَاوُدَ مِنْ عُمُرِهِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً لَمْ يَكُنْ كَثِيرُ اخْتِلَافٍ بَيْنَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ، وَمَا فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مِنْ أَنَّ عُمُرَهُ كَانَ تِسْعَمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، فَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ ذَكَرَ عُمُرَهُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ سِوَى مَا وَهَبَهُ لِدَاوُدَ. وعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ شَيْخًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالُوا هَذَا أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ آَدَمَ [عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ] لَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ: أَيْ بَنِيَّ إِنِّي أَشْتَهِي مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَذَهَبُوا يَطْلُبُونَ لَهُ مِنْهَا فَاسْتَقْبَلَتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَمَعَهُمْ أَكْفَانُهُ وَحَنُوطٌ، وَمَعَهُمُ الْفُؤُوسُ وَالْمَسَاحِي وَالْمَكَاتِلُ، فَقَالُوا لَهُمْ: يَا بَنِي آدَمَ مَا تُرِيدُونَ؟ قَالُوا: أَبُونَا مَرِيضٌ وَاشْتَهَى مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ، قَالُوا لَهُمُ: ارْجِعُوا قَدْ قَضَى أَبُوكُمْ. فَجَاءُوا فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُمْ حَوَّاءُ عَرَفَتْهُمْ، فَلَاذَتْ بِآدَمَ، فَقَالَ: إِلَيْكِ عَنِّي إِنَّمَا أُتِيتُ مِنْ قِبَلِكِ، خَلِّي بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَلَائِكَةِ رَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، فَقَبَضُوهُ وَغَسَّلُوهُ وَكَفَّنُوهُ وَحَنَّطُوهُ وَحَفَرُوا لَهُ وَأَلْحَدُوا لَهُ، وَصَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلُوا قَبْرَهُ فَوَضَعُوهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَوَضَعُوا عَلَيْهِ اللَّبِنَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْقَبْرِ ثُمَّ حَثَوْا عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالُوا: يَا بَنِي آدَمَ هَذِهِ سُنَّتُكُمْ. وعَنْ أُبَيِّ [بْنِ] كَعْبٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ صَلَّتْ عَلَى آَدَمَ وَكَبَّرَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعًا، وَقَالُوا: هَذِهِ سُنَّتُكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ ". وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: صَلَّى جِبْرِيلُ عَلَى آدَمَ، كَبَّرَ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّى جِبْرِيلُ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَدُفِنَ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ وَحُدَّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَلُحِدَ لَهُ وَكُتِمَ قَبْرُهُ. وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ بِثِيَابٍ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَحَنُوطٍ مِنْ حَنُوطِهَا، فَكَفَّنَهُ وَحَنَّطَهُ وَحَمَلَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى وَضَعَتْهُ بِبَابِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ حَتَّى دَفَنَتْهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْخَيْفِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: قُبِرَ عِنْدَ مِنًى أَوَّلِ قَرْيَةٍ كَانَتْ فِي الْأَرْضِ ، قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ، وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: قُبِرَ فِي غَارِ أَبِي قُبَيْسٍ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: مَاتَ آدَمُ عَلَى نَوْدٍ، الْجَبَلِ الَّذِي أُهْبِطَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ شِيثٌ لِجِبْرِيلَ: صَلِّ عَلَى آدَمَ، فَقَالَ: تَقَدَّمْ أَنْتَ وَكَبِّرْ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثِينَ تَكْبِيرَةً. وَلَمَّا رَكِبَ نُوحٌ حَمَلَ مَعَهُ آدَمَ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنَ السَّفِينَةِ دُفِنَ آدَمُ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ، وَلَمْ يَمُتْ آدَمُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ وَلَدُهُ وَوَلَدُ وَلَدِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَرَأَى فِيهِمُ الزِّنَا وَشُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ وَالْفَسَادَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَّرْنَا أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ: لَمَّا مَاتَ آدَمُ بَكَتِ الْخَلَائِقُ عَلَيْهِ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ
Translation
✧ THE DEATH OF ADAM (PEACE BE UPON HIM) Abū Hurayrah narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: Allah Almighty said to Adam when He created him: “Go to that group of angels and say: al-salāmu ʿalaykum.” So he went to them and greeted them, and they said to him: “ʿAlayka al-salām wa-raḥmatu Allāh.” Then he returned to his Lord, who said to him: “This is your greeting and the greeting of your descendants among themselves.” Then He closed His two hands for him and said to him: “Take and choose.” He said: “I have chosen the right hand of my Lord, and both His hands are right.” So He opened it for him, and behold, in it was the image of Adam and all his descendants, and behold, every man among them had his term written beside him, and behold, Adam had a lifespan of one thousand years written for him, and behold, there were people upon whom there was light. He said: “O Lord, who are these upon whom there is light?” He said: “These are the prophets and messengers whom I shall send to My servants.” And behold, among them was a man who was the brightest of them in light, but no lifespan had been written for him except forty years. Adam said: “O Lord, this one is the brightest of them, yet You have not written for him except forty years,” after He had informed him that this was David ﷺ. He said: “That is what I have written for him.” He said: “O Lord, deduct for him sixty years from my lifespan.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When he was brought down to the earth, he used to count his days. When the Angel of Death came to him to take his soul, Adam said to him: ‘You have come early, O Angel of Death! Sixty years of my lifespan remain.’ The Angel of Death said to him: ‘Nothing remains. You asked your Lord to write them for your son David.’ He said: ‘I did not do that!’” The Prophet ﷺ said: “Adam forgot, and his descendants forgot; and he denied, and his descendants denied. Thus at that time Allah established writing and commanded witnesses.” Ibn ʿAbbās said: The lifespan of Adam was nine hundred and thirty-six years, while the People of the Torah claim that Adam’s lifespan was nine hundred and thirty years. The reports from the Messenger of Allah and the scholars are as we have mentioned, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is the most knowledgeable of creation. According to the narration of Abū Hurayrah in which Adam gave David sixty years of his lifespan, there would be no great discrepancy between the two ḥadīths and the Torah’s statement that his lifespan was nine hundred and thirty years; perhaps Allah mentioned his lifespan in the Torah excluding what he gave to David. From al-Ḥasan, who said: I saw an old man in Madinah speaking, so I asked about him, and they said: “This is Ubayy b. Kaʿb.” He said: When death came to Adam ﷺ, he said to his sons: “O my sons, I long for some of the fruits of Paradise.” So they went seeking some for him, and the angels met them, carrying his shrouds and embalming spices, and with them were axes, shovels, and baskets. They said to them: “O sons of Adam, what do you want?” They said: “Our father is ill and has longed for some of the fruits of Paradise.” They said to them: “Go back, for your father has died.” So they came back, and when Eve saw them, she recognized them and clung to Adam. He said: “Away from me! I was only brought to this through you. Leave me alone with the angels of my Lord, blessed and exalted be He.” So they took his soul, washed him, shrouded him, embalmed him, dug for him, and made a laḥd for him, and prayed over him. Then they entered his grave and placed him in it, and placed bricks over him, then they came out of the grave and threw earth upon him. Then they said: “O sons of Adam, this is your sunnah.” From Ubayy b. Kaʿb, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The angels prayed over Adam and said four takbīrs over him, and said: ‘This is your sunnah, O sons of Adam.’” From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Gabriel prayed over Adam, saying four takbīrs over him, and Gabriel led the angels in prayer that day. He was buried in the Mosque of al-Khayf, a boundary was marked for him facing the qiblah, a laḥd was made for him, and his grave was concealed. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr said: Gabriel came to him with garments from Paradise and embalming spices from its spices, so he shrouded him and embalmed him, and the angels carried him until they placed him at the door of the Kaʿbah. Gabriel prayed over him, then the angels carried him until they buried him in the Mosque of al-Khayf. Ibn Isḥāq said: He was buried near Minā, the first village that existed on earth. He said: It has reached me that he died in Makkah, and some people said: He was buried in the cave of Abū Qubays. From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Adam died on Nawd, the mountain upon which he was brought down. Seth said to Gabriel: “Pray over Adam.” He said: “Step forward yourself and say thirty takbīrs over him.” When Noah embarked, he carried Adam with him. When he came out of the ark, Adam was buried in Jerusalem. Adam did not die until his children and his children’s children reached forty thousand, and he saw among them fornication, drinking of wine, and corruption. We have already mentioned that he died on Friday. ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī said: When Adam died, all creatures wept over him for seven days.
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