Tarikh (al-Tabari) 651
The Birth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and His Suckling
فَرَحِ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بِهِ ﷺ وَتَسْمِيَتِهِ لَهُ مُحَمَّدًا قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا: لَمَّا وَضَعَتْ آمِنَةُ سَيِّدَنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ: أَنَّهُ قَدْ وُلِدَ لَكَ غُلَامٌ فَائْتِهِ فَانْظُرْ إِلَيْهِ. فَأَتَاهُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ. وَحَدَّثَتْهُ بِمَا رَأَتْ حِينَ حَمَلَتْ بِهِ وَمَا قِيلَ لَهَا وَمَا أُمِرَتْ بِهِ أَنْ تُسَمِّيَهُ، فَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَخَذَهُ فَدَخَلَ بِهِ الْكَعْبَةَ فَقَامَ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ وَيَشْكُرُهُ عَلَى مَا أَعْطَاهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُمِّهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَعْطَانِي هَذَا الْغُلَامَ الطَّيِّبَ الْأَرْدَانِ قَدْ سَادَ فِي الْمَهْدِ عَلَى الْغِلْمَانِ أُعِيذُهُ بِالْبَيْتِ ذِي الْأَرْكَانِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ بُلْغَةَ الْفِتْيَانِ حَتَّى أَرَاهُ بَالِغَ التِّبْيَانِ أُعِيذُهُ مِنْ شَرِّ ذِي شَنَآنِ مِنْ حَاسِدٍ مُضْطَرِبِ الْعِيَانِ ذِي هِمَّةٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَيْنَانِ حَتَّى أَرَاهُ رَافِعًا لِلشَّانِ أَنْتَ الَّذِي سُمِّيتَ فِي الْفُرْقَانِ أَحْمَدَ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَى اللِّسَانِ وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ التَّنُوخِيِّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ السَّابِعِ مِنْ وِلَادَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَبَحَ عَنْهُ جَدُّهُ وَدَعَا قُرَيْشًا ، فَلَمَّا أَكَلُوا قَالُوا: يَا عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ مَا سَمَّيْتُهُ؟ قَالَ: سَمَّيْتُهُ مُحَمَّدًا. قَالُوا: لِمَ رَغِبْتَ بِهِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ. قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَحْمَدَهُ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَخَلْقُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَرَوَى أَبُو عُمَرَ وَأَبُو الْقَاسِمِ بْنُ عَسَاكِرَ مَنْ طُرُقٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا وُلِدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَقَّ عِنْدَهُ جَدُّهُ بِكَبْشٍ وَسَمَّاهُ مُحَمَّدًا. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا الْحَارِثِ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُسَمِّيَهُ مُحَمَّدًا وَلَمْ تُسَمِّهِ بِاسْمِ آبَائِهِ؟ قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَحْمَدَهُ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَيَحْمَدَهُ النَّاسُ فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَذِكَرَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ - رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ إِنَّمَا سَمَّاهُ مُحَمَّدًا لِرُؤْيَا رَآهَا. زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ رَأَى مَنَامًا كَأَنَّ سِلْسِلَةً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ خَرَجَتْ مَنْ ظَهْرِهِ وَلَهَا طَرَفٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَطَرَفٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَطَرَفٌ فِي الْمَشْرِقِ وَطَرَفٌ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ، ثُمَّ عَادَتْ كَأَنَّهَا شَجَرَةٌ عَلَى كُلِّ وَرَقَةٍ مِنْهَا نُورٌ، وَإِذَا أَهْلُ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ يَتَعَلَّقُونَ بِهَا. فَقَصَّهَا فَعُبِّرَتْ لَهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ يَكُونُ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ يَتْبَعُهُ أَهْلُ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَيَحْمَدُهُ أَهْلُ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَلِذَلِكَ سَمَّاهُ مُحَمَّدًا مَعَ مَا حَدَّثَتْهُ بِهِ أُمُّهُ ﷺ. وَيَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْإِمَامَ الْعَلَّامَةَ الْعَارِفَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الرَّقِّيَّ حَيْثُ قَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّ كُلَّ الْخَلْقِ لَيْلَةَ مَوْلِدِ الْ هَادِي عَلَى الْهَامَاتِ مِنْهُمْ قَامُوا شُكْرًا لِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّهِمْ فِيمَا حُبُوا فِيهَا بِعُشْرِ عُشَيْرِهَا مَا قَامُوا هِيَ نِعْمَةٌ مَا غَادَرَتْ مَنْ دِينُهُ كَفْرٌ وَلَا مَنْ دِينُهُ الْإِسْلَامُ عَمَّتْهُمُ بِبِحَارِهَا فَالْعَالَمُ الْ عُلْوِيُّ وَالسُّفْلِيُّ فِيهَا عَامُوا فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَمِّ الْبَرِيَّةَ كُلَّهَا الْإِنْعَامُ نَظَرَ الرَّحِيمُ إِلَى الْوَرَى فَرَآهُمُ أَغْوَتْهُمُ الْأَنْصَابُ وَالْأَزْلَامُ وَتَحَيَّرُوا فِي ظُلْمَةِ الْكُفْرِ الَّذِي عُبِدَتْ بِهِ الْأَوْثَانُ وَالْأَصْنَامُ تَغْشَى الْفَوَاحِشُ فِي الْمَحَافِلِ جَهْرَةً لَا يُنْكِرُونَ كَأَنَّهُمْ أَنْعَامُ يَبْغِي الْقَوِيُّ عَلَى الضَّعِيفِ وَيَقْهَرُ الْ وَالِي الْيَتِيمَ وَتُقْطَعُ الْأَرْحَامُ فَأَغَاثَهُمْ رَبُّ الْعِبَادِ بِشِرْعَةٍ فِيهَا الْحُدُودُ عَلَى السَّدَادِ تُقَامُ دِينُ النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ خَيْرِ الْوَرَى مَنْ فُصِّلَتْ فِي دِينِهِ الْأَحْكَامُ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى بَشَّرَا بِظُهُورِهِ وَدَعَا بِهِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِبْرَاهَامُ شُكْرًا لِمُهْدِيهِ إِلَيْنَا نِعْمَةً لَيْسَتْ تُحِيطُ بِكُنْهِهَا الْأَوْهَامُ
Translation
✧ The Joy of His Grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib at His Birth ﷺ and His Naming Him Muḥammad Ibn Isḥāq, al-Wāqidī, and others said: When Āminah gave birth to our master the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, she sent to his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib: "A boy has been born to you, so come and look at him." He came and looked at him. She told him what she had seen when she was pregnant with him, what had been said to her, and what she had been commanded to name him. They claim that ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib took him and entered the Kaʿbah with him and stood supplicating Allah and thanking Him for what He had given him. Then he came out with him ﷺ to his mother, saying: Praise be to Allah who gave me this boy, pure of collar, He has already become master over the boys in the cradle. I seek refuge for him by the House with its corners, So that he may be the goal of the young men. Until I see him attaining full clarity, I seek refuge for him from the evil of any hater, From an envier of restless countenance, Of great ambition but having no eyes. Until I see him raising high the rank, You are the one named in the Furqān, Aḥmad, written upon the tongue. Al-Bayhaqī narrated, on the authority of Abū al-Ḥasan al-Tanūkhī (may Allah Almighty have mercy on him), that when it was the seventh day after the birth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, his grandfather slaughtered for him and invited Quraysh. When they had eaten, they said: "O ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, what have you named him?" He said: "I named him Muḥammad." They said: "Why did you prefer him over the names of his household?" He said: "I wanted Allah to praise him in heaven and His creation to praise him on earth." Abū ʿUmar and Abū al-Qāsim b. ʿAsākir narrated through several chains on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was born, his grandfather performed ʿaqīqah for him with a ram and named him Muḥammad. It was said to him: "O Abū al-Ḥārith, what led you to name him Muḥammad and not name him after his forefathers?" He said: "I wanted Allah to praise him in heaven and people to praise him on earth." Al-Suhaylī and Abū al-Rabīʿ (may Allah Almighty have mercy on them both) mentioned that ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib named him Muḥammad because of a vision he saw. They claim that he saw in a dream as if a chain of silver came out of his back, having one end in the sky, one end in the earth, one end in the east, and one end in the west, then it returned as if it were a tree, on every leaf of which there was light, and the people of the east and the west were clinging to it. He related it, and it was interpreted to him as a child who would be from his loins, whom the people of the east and the west would follow, and whom the people of heaven and earth would praise. Therefore, he named him Muḥammad, along with what his mother ﷺ had told him. May Allah Almighty have mercy on the erudite imam, the learned gnostic Ibrāhīm b. Aḥmad al-Raqqī, who said: If all creation on the night of the birth of the Guide Stood upon their heads before him, In gratitude for the blessing of their Lord in what they were granted, Even by a tenth of a tenth of it, they would not have done enough. It is a blessing that left no one whose religion is unbelief And no one whose religion is Islam. It encompassed them with its seas, so the upper and lower worlds All swam in it. Praise be to Allah, from whose bounty Grace has encompassed all creation. The Merciful looked upon mankind and saw that Idols and divining arrows had led them astray, And they wandered in the darkness of unbelief, In which idols and images were worshipped. Indecencies covered public gatherings openly, They did not denounce them, as if they were cattle. The strong oppressed the weak, and the guardian Subjugated the orphan, and kinship ties were severed. So the Lord of servants succored them with a sacred law, In which the prescribed penalties are established upon righteousness. The religion of the Prophet Muḥammad, the best of creation, In whose religion the rulings are detailed. Moses and Jesus announced his appearance, And before that Abraham called for him. Gratitude to the One who sent him to us as a blessing, Whose essence no illusions can encompass.
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