Tarikh (al-Tabari) 635
The Death of Aminah and the Situation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with His Grandfather ʿAbd al-Muttalib Thereafter
الْبَابُ الثَّانِي فِي كفالة عبد المطلب للنبي كَفَالَةِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعْرِفَتِهِ بِشَأْنِهِ. لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ آمِنَةُ أُمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَمَّهُ إِلَيْهِ جَدُّهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَرَقَّ عَلَيْهِ رِقَّةً لَمْ يَرِقَّهَا عَلَى وَلَدِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ قَالَ: كَانَ يُوضَعُ لِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فِرَاشٌ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ وَكَانَ لَا يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِيهِ إِجْلَالًا لَهُ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْتِي حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَذْهَبَ أَعْمَامُهُ يُؤَخِّرُونَهُ فَيَقُولُ جَدُّهُ: دَعُوا ابْنِي. فَيَمْسَحُ ظَهْرَهُ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ لِابْنِي هَذَا لَشَأْنًا. وَرَوَى أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ مِثْلَهُ. وَزَادَ: دَعُوا ابْنِي يَجْلِسُ فَإِنَّهُ يُحِسُّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ بِشَيْءٍ، وَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مِنَ الشَّرَفِ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ عَرَبِيٌّ قَبْلَهُ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَنَافِعٍ وَابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالُوا: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَجْلِسُ عَلَى فِرَاشِ جَدِّهِ فَيَذْهَبُ أَعْمَامُهُ لِيُؤَخِّرُوهُ فَيَقُولُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ: دَعُوا ابْنِي لَيُؤْنِسُ مَلَكًا. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ لِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ: احْتَفِظْ بِهِ فَإِنَّا لَمْ نَرَ قَدَمًا أَشْبَهَ بِالْقَدَمِ الَّتِي فِي الْمَقَامِ مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ لِأُمِّ أَيْمَنَ: يَا بَرَكَةُ احْتَفِظِي بِهِ لَا تَغْفَلِي عَنْهُ فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ نَبِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَرَوَى الْمَحَامِلِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: كَانَ لِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مِفْرَشٌ فِي الْحِجْرِ لَا يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُهُ وَكَانَ حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَمَنْ دُونَهُ يَجْلِسُونَ حَوْلَهُ دُونَ الْمِفْرَشِ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْحُلُمَ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِفْرَشِ فَجَذَبَهُ رَجُلٌ فَبَكَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ- وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا كُفَّ بَصَرُهُ: مَا لِابْنِي يَبْكِي ؟ قَالُوا لَهُ: أَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ عَلَى الْمِفْرَشِ فَمَنَعُوهُ. دَعُوا ابْنِي يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ يُحِسُّ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ بِشَرَفٍ وَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَبْلُغَ مِنَ الشَّرَفِ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ عَرَبِيٌّ قَبْلَهُ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ كَانَ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِالطَّعَامِ أَجْلَسَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ وَرُبَّمَا أَقْعَدَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ فَيُؤْثِرُهُ بِأَطْيَبِ طَعَامِهِ، وَكَانَ رَقِيقًا عَلَيْهِ بَرًّا بِهِ، فَرُبَّمَا أُتِيَ بِالطَّعَامِ وَلَيْسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَاضِرًا فَلَا يَمَسُّ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْتَى بِهِ. وَكَانَ يَفْرِشُ لَهُ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ وَيَجْلِسُ بَنُوهُ حَوْلَ فِرَاشِهِ إِلَى خُرُوجِهِ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ قَامُوا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ مَعَ عَبِيدِهِ إِجْلَالًا لَهُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْتِي وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ جَفْرٌ فَيَجْلِسُ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ فَيَأْخُذُهُ أَعْمَامُهُ لِيُؤَخِّرُوهُ فَيَقُولُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ: دَعُوا ابْنِي مَا تُرِيدُونَ مِنْهُ ؟ إِنَّ لَهُ لَشَأْنًا. وَيُقَبِّلُ رَأْسَهُ وَيَمْسَحُ صَدْرَهُ وَيُسَرُّ بِكَلَامِهِ وَمَا يُرَى مِنْهُ. وَرَوَى أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ قَالُوا: بَيْنَا عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ يَوْمًا فِي الْحِجْرِ وَعِنْدَهُ أَسْقُفُ نَجْرَانَ وَهُوَ يُحَادِثُهُ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّا نَجِدُ صِفَةَ نَبِيٍّ بَقِيَ مَنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، هَذَا الْبَلَدُ مَوْلِدُهُ وَمِنْ صِفَتِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا. وَأَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ الْأُسْقُفُ وَإِلَى عَيْنَيْهِ وَإِلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَإِلَى قَدَمَيْهِ فَقَالَ: هُوَ هَذَا، مَا هَذَا مِنْكَ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا ابْنِي. قَالَ الْأَسْقُفَ: لَا، مَا نَجِدُ أَبَاهُ حَيًّا. قَالَ: هُوَ ابْنُ ابْنِي وَقَدْ مَاتَ أَبُوهُ وَأُمُّهُ حُبْلَى بِهِ. قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ. قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ لِبَنِيهِ: تَحَفَّظُوا بِابْنِ أَخِيكُمْ أَلَا تَسْمَعُونَ مَا يُقَالُ فِيهِ ؟. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي تَارِيخِهِ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ، عَنْ كَنْدِيرِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ وَيُقَالُ حَيْدَةُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حَيْدَةَ قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ: خَرَجْتُ حَاجًّا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. وَقَالَ الثَّانِي: خَرَجْتُ مُعْتَمِرًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. قَالَا: فَإِذَا شَيْخٌ طَوِيلٌ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: رُدَّ إِلَيَّ رَاكِبِي مُحَمَّدًا ارْدُدْهُ رَبِّي وَاتَّخِذْ عِنْدِي يَدًا فَسَأَلَا عَنْهُ فَقِيلَ هَذَا سَيِّدُ قُرَيْشٍ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَهُ إِبِلٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فَإِذَا ضَلَّ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ بَعَثَ فِيهِ بَنِيهِ يَطْلُبُونَهَا فَإِذَا غَابُوا بَعَثَ ابْنَ ابْنِهِ وَلَمْ يَبْعَثْهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ إِلَّا أَنْجَحَ فِيهَا، وَقَدْ بَعَثَهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ أَعْيَا عَنْهَا بَنَوْهُ وَقَدْ أَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَا: فَلَمْ نَلْبَثْ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْإِبِلِ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ: يَا بُنَيَّ حَزِنْتُ عَلَيْكَ حُزْنًا لَا تُفَارِقْنِي بَعْدُ أَبَدًا. وَرَوَى ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ عَنْ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ ؓ قَالَتْ: كُنْتُ أَحْضِنُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَغَفَلْتُ عَنْهُ يَوْمًا فَلَمْ أَدْرِ إِلَّا بِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَائِمًا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ يَقُولُ: يَا بَرَكَةُ. قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ. قَالَ: أَتَدْرِينَ أَيْنَ وَجَدْتُ ابْنِي ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي. قَالَ: وَجَدْتُهُ مَعَ غِلْمَانٍ قَرِيبًا مِنَ السِّدْرَةِ، لَا تَغْفَلِي عَنْهُ فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ نَبِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ وَأَنَا لَا آمَنُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ.
Translation
✧ THE SECOND CHAPTER ON THE GUARDIANSHIP OF ʿABD AL-MUṬṬALIB OVER THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH ﷺ AND HIS KNOWLEDGE OF HIS AFFAIR. When Āminah, the mother of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died, his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib took him into his care and showed him a tenderness he had not shown to his own son. Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Maʿbad narrated to me from some of his family, who said: A couch used to be placed for ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib in the shade of the Kaʿbah, and none of his sons would sit on it out of reverence for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would come until he sat on it, and his uncles would go to move him away, but his grandfather would say: Leave my son alone. Then he would stroke his back and say: Indeed, this son of mine has a great affair. Abū Nuʿaym narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ something similar, with the addition: Leave my son to sit, for he senses something within himself, and I hope that he will attain a degree of honor no Arab before or after him has attained. Ibn Saʿd and Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from al-Zuhrī, Mujāhid, Nāfiʿ, and Ibn Jubayr, who said: The Prophet ﷺ used to sit on the couch of his grandfather, and his uncles would go to move him away, but ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib would say: Leave my son alone, that he may keep company with an angel. A group from Banū Mudlij said to ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib: Guard him carefully, for we have never seen a foot more like the foot in the Maqām than his. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said to Umm Ayman: O Barakah, guard him and do not be heedless of him, for the People of the Book claim that he is the Prophet of this nation. Al-Maḥāmilī narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: I heard my father say: ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib had a spread in the Ḥijr on which no one but he sat. Ḥarb b. Umayyah and those below him sat around it, not on the spread. One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came while he was a boy who had not reached puberty and sat on the spread. A man pulled him away, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wept. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said—and that was after his eyesight had failed—: Why is my son weeping? They said to him: He wanted to sit on the spread, and they prevented him. Leave my son to sit on it, for he senses honor within himself, and I hope that he will attain a degree of honor no Arab before or after him has attained. Al-Balādhurī narrated from al-Zuhrī and Muḥammad b. al-Sāʾib that when food was brought to ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, he would seat the Messenger of Allah ﷺ beside him, and sometimes he would seat him on his thigh and give him preference with the best of his food. He was tender toward him and kind to him. Sometimes food would be brought while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was not present, and he would not touch any of it until he was brought. He used to spread a couch for him in the shade of the Kaʿbah, and his sons would sit around his couch until he came out. When he came out, they would stand at his head along with his servants out of reverence for him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would come while he was a weaned boy and sit on the couch. His uncles would take hold of him to move him away, but ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib would say: Leave my son alone; what do you want from him? Indeed, he has a great affair. And he would kiss his head, stroke his chest, and rejoice at his speech and at what he saw from him. Abū Nuʿaym narrated from Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī, from his shaykhs, who said: One day while ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was in the Ḥijr with the bishop of Najrān, conversing with him, the bishop said: We find the description of a Prophet remaining among the descendants of Ismāʿīl. This town is his birthplace, and among his characteristics are such-and-such. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came. The bishop looked at him, at his eyes, at his back, and at his feet, and said: It is this one. Is he from you? He said: This is my son. The bishop said: No, we do not find his father to be living. He said: He is my son's son, and his father died while his mother was pregnant with him. He said: You have spoken the truth. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said to his sons: Guard your brother's son; do you not hear what is said about him? Al-Bukhārī narrated in his Taʾrīkh, as did Ibn Saʿd and al-Ḥākim—who declared it sound—from Kundayr b. Saʿīd b. Ḥaywah, or it is said Ḥaydah, from his father; and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Muʿāwiyah b. Ḥaydah. The first said: I went out to perform Ḥajj in the Jāhiliyyah. The second said: I went out to perform ʿUmrah in the Jāhiliyyah. Both said: There was a tall old man circumambulating the House, saying: Return to me my rider Muḥammad; return him, my Lord, and grant me a favor. They asked about him and were told: This is the chief of Quraysh, ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. He has many camels, and when any of them go astray, he sends his sons to look for them. When they are absent, he sends his son's son, and he never sends him on an errand except that he succeeds in it. He has sent him on an errand that his sons failed at, and he has been delayed. They said: We did not wait long before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came with the camels. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib said to him: O my dear son, I grieved for you with a grief that will never leave me. Ibn al-Jawzī narrated from Umm Ayman ؓ, who said: I used to nurse the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. One day I became heedless of him and did not realize anything until ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was standing at my head saying: O Barakah. I said: At your service. He said: Do you know where I found my son? I said: I do not know. He said: I found him with some boys near the lote tree. Do not be heedless of him, for the People of the Book claim that he is the Prophet of this nation, and I do not trust them with him.
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