Tarikh (al-Tabari) 633
The Death of Aminah and the Situation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with His Grandfather ʿAbd al-Muttalib Thereafter
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ رُجُوعِهِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، إِلَى أُمِّهِ آمِنَةَ بَعْدَ رَضَاعَةِ حَلِيمَةَ لَهُ : فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مَعَ أُمِّهِ آمِنَةَ بِنْتِ وَهْبٍ وَجَدِّهِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي كَلَاءَةِ اللَّهِ وَحِفْظِهِ، يُنْبِتُهُ اللَّهُ نَبَاتًا حَسَنًا لِمَا يُرِيدُ بِهِ مِنْ كَرَامَتِهِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ سِتَّ سِنِينَ تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّهُ آمِنَةُ بِنْتُ وَهْبٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزَمٍ أَنَّ أُمَّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ آمِنَةَ، تُوُفِّيَتْ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سِتِّ سِنِينَ، بِالْأَبْوَاءِ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ كَانَتْ قَدْ قَدِمَتْ بِهِ عَلَى أَخْوَالِهِ مِنْ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ تُزِيرُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ فَمَاتَتْ وَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ بِهِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ. وَذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَتْ بِهِ أُمُّهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَمَعَهُ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ، وَلَهُ سِتُّ سِنِينَ فَزَارَتْ أَخْوَالَهُ قَالَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ: فَجَاءَنِي ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ يَهُودِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَا لِي: أَخْرِجِي إِلَيْنَا أَحْمَدَ نَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَنَظَرا إِلَيْهِ وَقَلَّبَاهُ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ: هَذَا نَبِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَهَذِهِ دَارُ هِجْرَتِهِ، وَسَيَكُونُ بِهَا مِنَ الْقَتْلِ وَالسَّبْيِ أَمْرٌ عَظِيمٌ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ أُمُّهُ خَافَتْ وَانْصَرَفَتْ بِهِ فَمَاتَتْ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ وَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِوَدَّانَ قَالَ: مَكَانَكُمْ حَتَّى آتِيَكُمْ فَانْطَلَقَ ثُمَّ جَاءَنَا وَهُوَ سَقِيمٌ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ قَبْرَ أُمِّ مُحَمَّدٍ فَسَأَلْتُ رَبِّي الشَّفَاعَةَ - يَعْنِي لَهَا - فَمَنَعَنِيهَا، وَإِنِّي كُنْتُ نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْزِيَارَةِ الْقُبُورِ فَزُورُوهَا. وَنَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْأَضَاحِي بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَكُلُوا وَأَمْسِكُوا مَا بَدَا لَكُمْ. وَنَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَوْعِيَةِ فَاشْرَبُوا مَا بَدَا لَكُمْ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ انْتَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى رَسْمِ قَبْرٍ فَجَلَسَ وَجَلَسَ النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ كَثِيرٌ فَجَعَلَ يُحَرِّكُ رَأْسَهُ كَالْمُخَاطِبِ ثُمَّ بَكَى فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فَقَالَ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا قَبْرُ آمِنَةَ بِنْتِ وَهْبٍ اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي فِي أَنْ أَزُورَ قَبْرَهَا فَأَذِنَ لِي، وَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فِي الِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهَا فَأَبَى عَلَيَّ، وَأَدْرَكَتْنِي رِقَّتُهَا فَبَكَيْتُ قَالَ: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ سَاعَةً أَكْثَرَ بَاكِيًا مِنْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ. تَابَعَهُ مُحَارِبُ بْنُ دِثَارٍ عَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ثُمَّ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ الْحَاكِمِ عَنِ الْأَصَمِّ عَنْ بَحْرِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ هَانِئٍ عَنْ مَسْرُوقِ بْنِ الْأَجْدَعِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ فِي الْمَقَابِرِ وَخَرَجْنَا مَعَهُ فَأَمَرَنَا فَجَلَسْنَا، ثُمَّ تَخَطَّى الْقُبُورَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى قَبْرٍ مِنْهَا فَنَاجَاهُ طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَ نَحِيبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَاكِيًا فَبَكَيْنَا لِبُكَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا فَتَلَقَّاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الَّذِي أَبْكَاكَ ؟ لَقَدْ أَبْكَانَا وَأَفْزَعَنَا فَجَاءَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: أَفْزَعَكُمْ بُكَائِي ؟ قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: إِنَّ الْقَبْرَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُمُونِي أُنَاجِي قَبْرَ آمِنَةَ بِنْتِ وَهْبٍ، وَإِنِّي اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي فِي زِيَارَتِهَا فَأَذِنَ لِي، وَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي فِي الِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهَا فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِي فِيهِ، وَنَزَلَ عَلَيَّ " مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِي قُرْبَى مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ " فَأَخَذَنِي مَا يَأْخُذُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْوَالِدَةِ مِنَ الرِّقَّةِ فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي أَبْكَانِي غَرِيبٌ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ. وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ زَارَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَبْرَ أُمِّهِ فَبَكَى وَأَبْكَى مَنْ حَوْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي فِي زِيَارَةِ قَبْرِ أُمِّي فَأَذِنَ لِي، وَاسْتَأْذَنْتُهُ فِي الِاسْتِغْفَارِ لَهَا فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لِي فَزُورُوا الْقُبُورَ تُذَكِّرُكُمُ الْمَوْتَ
Translation
✧ Ibn Isḥāq said, after mentioning his ﷺ return to his mother Āminah after Ḥalīmah's nursing of him: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was with his mother Āminah bt. Wahb and his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib under Allah's care and protection, Allah making him grow in a goodly manner for the honor He intended for him. When he reached six years of age, his mother Āminah bt. Wahb died. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm narrated to me that the mother of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Āminah, died when he was six years old, at al-Abwāʾ between Makkah and Madinah. She had brought him to her maternal uncles of Banū ʿAdī b. al-Najjār to visit them, and she died while returning with him to Makkah. Al-Wāqidī mentioned with his chains of transmission that the Prophet ﷺ's mother took him to Madinah, accompanied by Umm Ayman, when he was six years old, and she visited her maternal uncles. Umm Ayman said: One day two men from the Jews of Madinah came to me and said, 'Bring out Aḥmad to us so we may look at him.' They looked at him and turned him over. One of them said to his companion, 'This is the Prophet of this nation, and this is the abode of his emigration. There will occur in it great matters of killing and captivity.' When his mother heard this, she became afraid and departed with him, and she died at al-Abwāʾ while returning. Imām Aḥmad said: Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad narrated to us, Ayyūb b. Jābir narrated to us, from Simāk, from al-Qāsim b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, from Ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until when we were at Waddān, he said, 'Stay where you are until I come to you.' He went off, then came back to us while he was distressed. He said, 'I came to the grave of Muḥammad's mother and asked my Lord for intercession—meaning for her—but He denied it to me. I had forbidden you from visiting graves, so visit them. And I had forbidden you from the meat of sacrificial animals after three days, so eat and keep whatever you wish. And I had forbidden you from drinks in these vessels, so drink whatever you wish.' Al-Bayhaqī narrated it by way of Sufyān al-Thawrī, from ʿAlqamah b. Marthad, from Sulaymān b. Buraydah, from his father, who said: The Prophet ﷺ came to the trace of a grave and sat down, and the people sat around him in great numbers. He began moving his head as if addressing someone, then wept. ʿUmar ؓ faced him and said, 'What makes you weep, O Messenger of Allah?' He said, 'This is the grave of Āminah bt. Wahb. I asked my Lord for permission to visit her grave, and He permitted me. I asked Him for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He refused me, and tenderness for her overcame me, so I wept.' He said: I never saw an hour with more weeping than that hour. Muḥārib b. Dithār concurred with him from Buraydah from his father. Then al-Bayhaqī narrated from al-Ḥākim, from al-Aṣamm, from Baḥr b. Naṣr, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Wahb, Ibn Jurayj narrated to us, from Ayyūb b. Hāniʾ, from Masrūq b. al-Ajdaʿ, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to look at the graveyards, and we went out with him. He ordered us and we sat down. Then he stepped over the graves until he came to one of them and conversed with it for a long time. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's sobbing rose as he wept, and we wept because of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ's weeping. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came toward us, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb met him and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what made you weep? You have made us weep and alarmed us.' He came and sat with us and said, 'Did my weeping alarm you?' We said, 'Yes.' He said, 'The grave you saw me conversing with is the grave of Āminah bt. Wahb. I asked my Lord for permission to visit her, and He permitted me. I asked my Lord for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He did not permit me, and there was revealed to me: "It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to ask forgiveness for the polytheists, even if they were near relatives, after it has become clear to them that they are companions of the Blaze. And Abraham's asking forgiveness for his father was only because of a promise he had made to him; when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah, he disowned him." So I was seized by what seizes a child for his mother of tenderness, and that is what made me weep.' It is strange, and they did not include it. Muslim narrated from Abū Bakr b. Abī Shaybah, from Muḥammad b. ʿUbayd, from Yazīd b. Kaysān, from Abū Ḥāzim, from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Prophet ﷺ visited his mother's grave and wept, and made those around him weep. Then he said, 'I asked my Lord for permission to visit my mother's grave, and He permitted me. I asked Him for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He did not permit me. So visit graves, for they remind you of death.'
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.