Tarikh (al-Tabari) 63
The story of the creation of Adam (peace be upon him)
قَتْلُ قَابِيلَ أَخَاهُ هَابِيلَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ وَذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْأَةَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ يَاوَيْلَتَا أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْأَةَ أَخِي فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ: 27 - 31 ]. وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ فِي اسْمِ قَابِيلَ، فَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: قَيْنُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: قَائِينُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ قَايِنُ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: قَابِيلُ. الاختلاف في سبب قتل قابيل هابيل وَاخْتَلَفُوا أَيْضًا فِي سَبَبِ قَتْلِهِ، فَرَوَى السُّدِّيُّ عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ لَا يُولَدُ لِآدَمَ مَوْلُودٌ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ، وَكَانَ يُزَوِّجُ غُلَامَ هَذَا الْبَطْنِ جَارِيَةَ هَذَا الْبَطْنِ الْآخَرِ، وَجَارِيَةَ هَذَا الْبَطْنِ غُلَامَ هَذَا الْبَطْنِ الْآخَرِ. حَتَّى وُلِدَ لَهُ قَابِيلُ وَهَابِيلُ، وَكَانَ قَابِيلُ صَاحِبَ زَرْعٍ، وَهَابِيلُ صَاحِبَ ضَرْعٍ، وَكَانَ قَابِيلُ الْأَكْبَرَ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ أُخْتٌ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ أُخْتِ هَابِيلَ، وَطَلَبَ هَابِيلُ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ أُخْتَ قَابِيلَ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: هِيَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ أُخْتِكَ، وَأَنَا أَحَقُّ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَأَمَرَهُ آدَمُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا، فَأَبَى. فَقَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا، وَكَانَ آدَمُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ آدَمُ لِلسَّمَاءِ: احْفَظِي وَلَدَيَّ بِالْأَمَانَةِ، فَأَبَتْ، وَقَالَ لِلْأَرْضِ، فَأَبَتْ، وَقَالَ لِلْجِبَالِ فَأَبَتْ، فَقَالَ لِقَابِيلَ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، تَرْجِعُ فَتَجِدُ أَهْلَكَ كَمَا يَسُرُّكَ. فَلَمَّا انْطَلَقَ [ آدَمُ ] قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا، قَرَّبَ هَابِيلُ جَذَعَةً سَمِينَةً، وَقَرَّبَ قَابِيلُ حُزْمَةَ سُنْبُلٍ، فَنَزَلَتْ فَأَكَلَتْ قُرْبَانَ [هَابِيلَ] وَتَرَكَتْ قُرْبَانَ قَابِيلَ، فَغَضِبَ وَقَالَ: لِأَقْتُلُنَّكَ حَتَّى لَا تَنْكِحَ أُخْتِي قَالَ هَابِيلُ: إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَهُوَ فِي مَاشِيَتِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَهُمَا اللَّذَانِ قَصَّ اللَّهُ خَبَرَهُمَا فِي الْقُرْآنِ، فَقَالَ: وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْقِصَّةِ. فلما قتله سقط في يده [لَا يَدْرِي] كَيْفَ يُدْفَنُ، إِلَى أَنْ بَعْثَ اللَّهِ غُرَابَيْنِ فَاقْتَتَلَا، فَقَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ ثُمَّ حَفَرَ لَهُ ثُمَّ حَثَا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ حِينَئِذٍ: أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَذَا الْغُرَابِ . وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ لِآدَمَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَوْلَادٍ تَوْأَمٍ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى مِنْ بَطْنٍ [وَذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى مِنْ بَطْنٍ]، فَكَانَتْ أُخْتُ صَاحِبِ الْحَرْثِ وَضِيئَةً، وَكَانَتْ أُخْتُ صَاحِبِ الْغَنَمِ قَبِيحَةً، فَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْحَرْثِ: أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا، وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ: وَيْحَكَ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَسْتَأْثِرَ بِوَضَاءَتِهَا عَلَيَّ، تَعَالَى حَتَّى نُقَرِّبَ قُرْبَانًا، فَإِنْ تُقُبِّلَ قُرْبَانُكَ كُنْتَ أَحَقَّ بِهَا، وَإِنْ تُقُبِّلَ قُرْبَانِي كُنْتَ أَحَقَّ بِهَا. قَالَ: فَقَرَّبَا قُرْبَانَيْهِمَا، فَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ بِكَبْشٍ أَعَنَّ أَقْرَنَ أَبْيَضَ، وَجَاءَ صَاحِبُ الْحَرْثِ بَصُبْرَةٍ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ، فَقُبِلَ الْكَبْشُ فَجَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَرْبَعِينَ خَرِيفًا، وَهُوَ الْكَبْشُ الَّذِي ذَبَحَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، فَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْحَرْثِ: لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ، فَقَتَلَهُ، فَوَلَدُ آَدَمَ كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْكَافِرِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ: أَنَّ قَابِيلَ كَانَ يَفْتَخِرُ عَلَى هَابِيلَ وَيَقُولُ: أَنَا وَأُخْتِي مِنْ وِلَادَةِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ تَزْوِيجِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ بَعْدَ هَذَا. وَرَوَى الْعَوْفِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُمَا قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا تَطَوُّعًا لِأَجْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ قُرْبَانُ قَابِيلَ، فَغَضِبَ وَقَتَلَ أَخَاهُ، وَقَالَ: لَا يَنْظُرُ النَّاسُ إِلَيَّ وَإِلَيْكَ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ هَذَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَلَمْ يَكُونَا مَنْ صُلْبِ آدَمَ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ مَاتَ آدَمُ . وَفِي هَذَا بُعْدٌ، فَإِنَّا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ حَوَّاءَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ، فَسَمَّتْ وَلَدَهَا عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ، وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ مَاتَ آدَمُ. وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " لَا تُقْتَلُ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آَدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا"، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْلَ . أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ. وَذُكِرَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ: أَنَّ هَابِيلَ قُتِلَ وَلَهُ عِشْرُونَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ لِقَابِيلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قَتَلَ ابْنُ آدَمَ أَخَاهُ، قَالَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: تَغَيَّرَتِ الْبِلَادُ وَمَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَوَجْهُ الْأَرْضِ مُغْبَرٌ قَبِيحْ تَغَيَّرَ كُلُّ ذِي طَعْمٍ وَلَوْنٍ وَقَلَّ بَشَاشَةُ الْوَجْهِ الصَّبِيحْ قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلًا أَخَاهُ فَوَا حُزْنًا مَضَى الْوَجْهُ الْمَلِيحْ فَأَجَابَهُ إِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ: تَنَحَّ عَنِ الْبِلَادِ وَسَاكِنِيهَا بَنَى فِي الْخُلْدِ ضَاقَ لَكَ الْفَسِيحُ وَكُنْتَ بِهَا وَزَوْجَكَ فِي رَخَاءٍ وَقَلْبُكُ مِنْ أَذَى الدُّنْيَا مُرِيحُ فَمَا انْفَكَّتْ مُكَايَدَتِي وَمَكْرِي إِلَى أَنْ فَاتَكَ الثَّمَنُ الرَّبِيحُ فَلَوْلَا رَحْمَةُ الْجَبَّارِ أَضْحَى بِكَفِّكَ مِنْ جِنَانِ الْخُلْدِ رِيحُ هروب قابيل إلى اليمن ثم إِنَّ قَابِيلَ [بَعْدَ أَنْ] قَتَلَ أَخَاهُ هَرَبَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَشَاعَ فِي أَوْلَادِهِ الزِّنَا وَشُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ وَالْفَسَادُ ، فَأَوْصَى آدَمُ أَنْ لَا يَنْكِحَ بَنُو شِيثَ بَنِي قَابِيلَ، فَجَعَلَ بَنُو شِيثَ آدَمَ فِي مَغَارَةٍ وَجَعَلُوا عَلَيْهِ حَافِظًا لَا يَقْرَبُهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي قَابِيلَ. وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ يَأْتُونَهُ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ بَنُو شِيثَ، فَقَالَ مِائَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي شِيثَ صَبَاحٌ: لَوْ نَظَرْنَا مَا فَعَلَ عَمُّنَا. يَعْنُونَ بَنِي قَابِيلَ، فَهَبَطَتِ الْمِائَةُ إِلَى نِسَاءٍ مِنْ بَنِي قَابِيلَ فَاحْتَبَسُوهُنَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ مِائَةٌ أُخْرَى: لَوْ نَظَرْنَا مَا فَعَلَ إِخْوَتُنَا فَهَبَطُوا فَاحْتَبَسَهُمُ النِّسَاءُ ثُمَّ هَبَطَ بَنُو شِيثَ كُلُّهُمْ فَجَاءَتِ الْمَعْصِيَةُ، فَكَثُرَ بَنُو قَابِيلَ حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْأَرْضَ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ غَرِقُوا أَيَّامَ نُوحٍ. وعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَا: لَمَّا كَثُرَ بَنُو آدَمَ دَعَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ: رَبَّنَا أَهْلِكْهُمْ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ: أَنِّي لَوْ أَنْزَلْتُ الشَّيْطَانَ وَالشَّهْوَةَ فِيكُمْ مَنْزِلَتَهُمَا مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ لَفَعَلْتُمْ كَمَا يَفْعَلُونَ، فَحَدَّثُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ إِنِ ابْتُلُوا سَيَعْتَصِمُونَ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اخْتَارُوا مِنْ أَفْضَلِكُمْ مَلَكَيْنِ، فَاخْتَارُوا هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ فَأُهْبِطَا إِلَى الْأَرْضِ حَكَمَيْنِ، وَهَبَطَتِ الزَّهْرَةُ فِي صُورَةِ امْرَأَةٍ. وَأَهْلُ فَارِسَ يُسَمُّونَهُ بَيْدَخْتَ، وَكَانَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا، فَلَمَّا وَقَعَا فِي الْخَطِيئَةِ اسْتَغْفَرُوا لِمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ مُجَاهِدٌ: أَنَّ قَابِيلَ عُوجِلَ بِالْعُقُوبَةِ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ أَخَاهُ، فَعُلِّقَتْ سَاقُهُ إِلَى فَخِذِهِ، وَجُعِلَ وَجْهُهُ إِلَى الشَّمْسِ كَيْفَمَا دَارَتْ تَنْكِيلًا بِهِ وَتَعْجِيلًا لِذَنْبِهِ وَبَغْيِهِ وَحَسَدِهِ لِأَخِيهِ لِأَبَوَيْهِ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا مِنْ ذَنْبٍ أَجْدَرُ أَنْ يُعَجِّلَ اللَّهُ عُقُوبَتَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ مَا يَدَّخِرُ لِصَاحِبِهِ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْبَغْيِ وَقَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ. وَالَّذِي رَأَيْتُهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي بِأَيْدِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ التَّوْرَاةُ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَجَّلَهُ وَأَنْظَرَهُ، وَأَنَّهُ سَكَنَ فِي أَرْضِ نُودٍ فِي شَرْقِيِّ عَدَنٍ، وَهُمْ يُسَمُّونَهُ قَيْنًا، وَأَنَّهُ وُلِدَ لَهُ خَنُوخُ، وَلِخَنُوخَ عُنْدَرُ، وَلِعُنْدَرَ مَحْوَاوِيلُ، وَلِمَحْوَاوِيلَ مَتُّوشِيلُ، وَلِمَتُّوشِيلَ لَامَكُ، وَتَزَوَّجَ هَذَا امْرَأَتَيْنِ عَدَّا وَصَلَا، فَوَلَدَتْ عَدَّا وَلَدًا اسْمُهُ أَبُلُ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَكَنَ الْقِبَابَ وَاقْتَنَى الْمَالَ، وَوَلَدَتْ أَيْضًا تَوْبَلَ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَخَذَ فِي ضَرْبِ الْوَنَجِ وَالصَّنْجِ، وَوَلَدَتْ صَلَا وَلَدًا اسْمُهُ تُوبَلْقِينُ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَنَعَ النُّحَاسَ وَالْحَدِيدَ، وَبِنْتًا اسْمُهَا نُعْمَى.
Translation
✧ THE KILLING OF HIS BROTHER HĀBĪL BY QĀBĪL Allah, Exalted is He, said: And recite to them the story of the two sons of Ādam in truth, when they offered a sacrifice, and it was accepted from one of them and was not accepted from the other. He said, “I will surely kill you.” He said, “Allah accepts only from the righteous. If you stretch your hand toward me to kill me, I will not stretch my hand toward you to kill you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds. Indeed, I want you to bear my sin and your sin, and thus be among the companions of the Fire, and that is the recompense of the wrongdoers.” Then his soul made the killing of his brother easy for him, so he killed him and became among the losers. Then Allah sent a crow scratching in the earth to show him how to hide the nakedness of his brother. He said, “Woe to me! Was I unable to be like this crow and hide the nakedness of my brother?” And he became among the regretful. [Al-Māʾidah: 27–31]. The scholars differ concerning the name of Qābīl. Some say: Qayn; some say: Qāʾīn; some say Qāyin; and some say: Qābīl. Disagreement concerning the reason for Qābīl's killing of Hābīl They also differed concerning the reason for his killing. Al-Suddī narrated from his shaykhs, saying: No child was born to Ādam except that with him was a girl. He would marry the boy of one birth to the girl of another birth, and the girl of this birth to the boy of another birth. Until Qābīl and Hābīl were born to him. Qābīl was a cultivator, and Hābīl was a herder. Qābīl was the elder, and he had a sister who was more beautiful than Hābīl’s sister. Hābīl sought to marry Qābīl’s sister, but he refused, saying: She is more beautiful than your sister, and I have more right to marry her. Ādam ordered him to give her to him in marriage, but he refused. So they offered a sacrifice. Ādam had gone to Makkah. Ādam said to the sky: Guard my two sons with trustworthiness. It refused. He said to the earth, and it refused. He said to the mountains, and they refused. He said to Qābīl, and he said: Yes. You will return and find your family as pleases you. When [Ādam] departed, they offered a sacrifice. Hābīl offered a fat young ewe, and Qābīl offered a bundle of ears of grain. A fire descended and consumed Hābīl’s offering and left Qābīl’s offering. He became angry and said: I will surely kill you so that you will not marry my sister. Hābīl said: Allah accepts only from the righteous. If you stretch your hand toward me to kill me, I will not stretch my hand toward you to kill you, until His saying: Then his soul made the killing of his brother easy for him. He followed him while he was among his livestock and killed him. They are the two whose story Allah recounted in the Qurʾān, saying: And recite to them the story of the two sons of Ādam in truth, when they offered a sacrifice, and it was accepted from one of them and was not accepted from the other, to the end of the story. When he killed him, he was at a loss, not knowing how to bury him, until Allah sent two crows that fought with each other, and one of them killed the other, then dug for it and covered it with dust. At that moment he said: Was I unable to be like this crow? From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Ādam had four children, twins, a male and a female from one birth, [and a male and a female from another birth]. The sister of the cultivator was radiant, and the sister of the shepherd was ugly. The cultivator said: I have more right to her. The shepherd said: Woe to you! Do you want to keep her radiance for yourself over me? Come, let us offer a sacrifice. If your sacrifice is accepted, you will have more right to her, and if my sacrifice is accepted, you will have more right to her. He said: They offered their sacrifices. The shepherd came with a white, horned, excellent ram, and the cultivator came with a heap of his grain. The ram was accepted, and Allah placed it in Paradise for forty autumns. It is the ram that Ibrāhīm sacrificed. The cultivator said: I will surely kill you, and he killed him. All of Ādam’s descendants are from that disbeliever. Ibn Isḥāq mentioned from some of the People of the Book that Qābīl used to boast over Hābīl, saying: I and my sister are from the birth of Paradise. He refused to give her in marriage, so he killed him after that. Al-ʿAwfī narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās: They offered a sacrifice voluntarily because of the woman. Qābīl’s sacrifice was not accepted, so he became angry and killed his brother, saying: People will not look at me and at you while you are better than me. We have narrated from al-Ḥasan that these two sons of Ādam were from the Children of Israel and were not from Ādam’s own loins, and that the first to die was Ādam. This is far-fetched, for we have mentioned that Ḥawwāʾ had no child, so she named her son ʿAbd al-Ḥārith, and it is said that the first to die was Ādam. From ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “No soul is killed unjustly except that upon the first son of Ādam is a share of its blood,” because he was the first to institute killing. They included it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs. It is mentioned in the Torah that Hābīl was killed when he was twenty years old, and Qābīl was twenty-five years old at that time. From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When the son of Ādam killed his brother, Ādam ﷺ said: The lands and those upon them have changed, so the face of the earth is dusty and ugly. Every possessor of taste and colour has changed, and the cheerfulness of the radiant face has diminished. Qābīl killed Hābīl, his brother, so alas for grief! The comely face has departed. Iblīs, may Allah curse him, answered him: Depart from the lands and their inhabitants; in eternity he built, the spacious has become narrow for you. You and your wife were in comfort there, and your heart was at ease from the harm of the world. My scheming and cunning did not cease until the profitable price escaped you. Were it not for the mercy of the Compeller, a breeze from the gardens of eternity would have appeared in your palm. The flight of Qābīl to Yemen Then Qābīl, after killing his brother, fled to Yemen. Adultery, drinking wine, and corruption spread among his descendants. Ādam bequeathed that the sons of Shīth should not marry the sons of Qābīl. The sons of Shīth placed Ādam in a cave and set a guard over him so that no one from the sons of Qābīl could approach him. Those who used to come to him and for whom he sought forgiveness were the sons of Shīth. One hundred of the sons of Shīth said one morning: Let us see what our paternal uncle’s people have done, meaning the sons of Qābīl. The hundred descended to women from the sons of Qābīl and detained them. Then another hundred said: Let us see what our brothers have done, so they descended and the women detained them. Then all the sons of Shīth descended, and disobedience came. The sons of Qābīl multiplied until they filled the earth, and they are the ones who drowned in the days of Nūḥ. From Ibn Masʿūd and Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When the sons of Ādam multiplied, the sky, the earth, the mountains, and the angels called upon them: Our Lord, destroy them. Allah, Exalted is He, revealed to the angels: If I placed Satan and desire among you in the same position as they are among the sons of Ādam, you would do as they do. They told themselves that if they were tested, they would hold fast. Allah revealed to them: Choose from the best of you two angels. They chose Hārūt and Mārūt, and they were sent down to the earth as judges, and al-Zahrah descended in the form of a woman. The Persians call it Baydakht. Before that, the angels used to seek forgiveness for those who believed, but when the two fell into error, they sought forgiveness for those on earth. Mujāhid mentioned that Qābīl was hastened to punishment on the day he killed his brother: his shin was tied to his thigh, and his face was made to face the sun wherever it turned, as a chastisement for him and a hastening for his sin, his aggression, and his envy of his brother for his two parents. It has come in a ḥadīth from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said: There is no sin more deserving that Allah hasten its punishment in this world, along with what He stores for its doer in the Hereafter, than aggression and severing ties of kinship. What I have seen in the book possessed by the People of the Book, which they claim is the Torah, is that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, granted him a delay and respite, and that he dwelt in the land of Nūd, east of ʿAdan. They call him Qayn. To him was born Khanūkh, and to Khanūkh ʿUndar, and to ʿUndar Maḥwāwīl, and to Maḥwāwīl Mattūshīl, and to Mattūshīl Lāmak. He married two women, ʿAddā and Ṣalā. ʿAddā bore a son named Abul, who was the first to dwell in tents and acquire wealth. She also bore Tūbal, who was the first to take up striking the lute and the cymbal. Ṣalā bore a son named Tūbalqīn, who was the first to make copper and iron, and a daughter named Nuʿmā.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.