Tarikh (al-Tabari) 624
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
يوم بعاث يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرَ جَدَّدُوا الْعُهُودَ مَعَ الْأَوْسِ عَلَى الْمُوَازَرَةِ وَالتَّنَاصُرِ، وَاسْتَحْكَمَ أَمْرُهُمْ وَجَدُّوا فِي حَرْبِهِمْ، وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُمْ قَبَائِلُ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ غَيْرُ مَنْ ذَكَرْنَا. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ بِذَلِكَ الْخَزْرَجُ جَمَعَتْ وَحَشَدَتْ وَرَاسَلَتْ حُلَفَاءَهَا مِنْ أَشْجَعَ وَجُهَيْنَةَ، وَرَاسَلَتِ الْأَوْسُ حُلَفَاءَهَا مِنْ مُزَيْنَةَ، وَمَكَثُوا يَوْمًا يَتَجَهَّزُونَ لِلْحَرْبِ، وَالْتَقَوْا بِبُعَاثَ، وَهِيَ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ قُرَيْظَةَ، وَعَلَى الْأَوْسِ حُضَيْرُ الْكَتَائِبِ بْنُ سِمَاكٍ وَالِدُ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ حُضَيْرٍ، وَعَلَى الْخَزْرَجِ عَمْرُو بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الْبَيَاضِيُّ، وَتَخَلَّفَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ فِيمَنْ تَبِعَهُ عَنِ الْخَزْرَجِ، وَتَخَلَّفَ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنِ الْأَوْسِ. فَلَمَّا الْتَقَوُا اقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا وَصَبَرُوا جَمِيعًا. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَوْسَ وَجَدَتْ مَسَّ السِّلَاحِ فَوَلَّوْا مُنْهَزِمِينَ نَحْوَ الْعَرِيضِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى حُضَيْرٌ هَزِيمَتَهُمْ بَرَكَ وَطَعَنَ قَدَمَهُ بِسِنَانِ رُمْحِهِ وَصَاحَ: وَا عَقْرَاهُ كَعَقْرِ الْجَمَلِ ! وَاللَّهِ لَا أَعُودُ حَتَّى أُقْتَلَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَوْسِ أَنْ تُسْلِمُونِي فَافْعَلُوا. فَعَطَفُوا عَلَيْهِ وَقَاتَلَ عَنْهُ غِلْمَانٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ يُقَالُ لَهُمَا مَحْمُودٌ وَيَزِيدُ ابْنَا خَلِيفَةَ حَتَّى قُتِلَا، وَأَقْبَلَ سَهْمٌ لَا يُدْرَى مَنْ رَمَى بِهِ فَأَصَابَ عَمْرَو بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ الْبَيَاضِيَّ رَئِيسَ الْخَزْرَجِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَبَيْنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولٍ يَتَرَدَّدُ رَاكِبًا قَرِيبًا مِنْ بُعَاثٍ يَتَجَسَّسُ الْأَخْبَارَ إِذْ طُلِعَ عَلَيْهِ بِعَمْرِو بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ قَتِيلًا فِي عَبَاءَةٍ يَحْمِلُهُ أَرْبَعَةُ رِجَالٍ، كَمَا كَانَ قَالَ لَهُ. فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ: ذُقْ وَبَالَ الْبَغْيِ ! وَانْهَزَمَتِ الْخَزْرَجُ، وَوَضَعَتْ فِيهِمُ الْأَوْسُ السِّلَاحَ، فَصَاحَ صَائِحٌ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَوْسِ أَحْسِنُوا وَلَا تُهْلِكُوا إِخْوَانَكُمْ فَجِوَارُهُمْ خَيْرٌ مِنْ جِوَارِ الثَّعَالِبِ ! فَانْتَهَوْا عَنْهُمْ وَلَمْ يَسْلُبُوهُمْ. وَإِنَّمَا سَلَبَهُمْ قُرَيْظَةُ وَالنَّضِيرُ، وَحَمَلَتِ الْأَوْسُ حُضَيْرًا مَجْرُوحًا فَمَاتَ. وَأَحْرَقَتِ الْأَوْسُ دُورَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَنَخِيلَهُمْ، فَأَجَارَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ وَنَخِيلَهُمْ وَدُورَهُمْ جَزَاءً بِمَا فَعَلُوا لَهُ فِي الرَّعْلِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ، وَنَجَّى يَوْمَئِذٍ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ إِيَاسِ بْنِ بَاطَا ثَابِتَ بْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ شِمَاسٍ الْخَزْرَجِيَّ، أَخَذَهُ فَجَزَّ نَاصِيَتَهُ وَأَطْلَقَهُ، وَهِيَ الْيَدُ الَّتِي جَازَاهُ بِهَا ثَابِتٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ يَوْمَ بَنِي الْقُرَيْظَةِ، وَسَنَذْكُرُهُ. وَكَانَ يَوْمُ الْبُعَاثِ آخِرَ الْحُرُوبِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَاتَّفَقَتِ الْكَلِمَةُ، وَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى نَصْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ، وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ. وَأَكْثَرَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ الْأَشْعَارَ يَوْمَ الْبُعَاثِ، فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْخَطِيمِ الظَّفَرِيِّ الْأَوْسِيِّ: أَتَعْرِفُ رَسْمًا كَالطِّرَازِ الْمُذَهَّبِ لِعَمْرَةَ رَكْبًا غَيْرَ مَوْقِفِ رَاكِبِ دِيَارُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ وَنَحْنُ عَلَى مِنًى تَحِلُّ بِنَا لَوْلَا رَجَاءُ الرَّكَائِبِ تَبَدَّتْ لَنَا كَالشَّمْسِ تَحْتَ غَمَامَةٍ بَدَا حَاجِبٌ مِنْهَا وَضَنَّتْ بِحَاجِبِ وَمِنْهَا: وَكُنْتُ امْرَأً لَا أَبْعَثُ الْحَرْبَ ظَالِمًا فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا شَعَّلْتُهَا كُلَّ جَانِبِ أَذِنْتُ بِدَفْعِ الْحَرْبِ حَرْبًا رَأَيْتُهَا عَنِ الدَّفْعِ لَا تَزْدَادُ غَيْرَ تَقَارُبِ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ الْحَرْبَ تَجَرَّدَتْ لَبِسْتُ مَعَ الْبُرْدَيْنِ ثَوْبَ الْمُحَارِبِ مُضَعَّفَةً يَغْشَى الْأَنَامِلَ رَيْعُهَا كَأَنَّ قَتِيرَيْهَا عُيُونَ الْجَنَادِبِ تَرَى قِصَدَ الْمُرَّانِ تُلْقَى كَأَنَّهَا تَذَرُّعُ خِرْصَانٍ بِأَيْدِي الشَّوَاطِبِ وَسَامَحَنِي مِلْكَاهَنِينِ وَمَالِكٌ وَثَعْلَبَةُ الْأَخْيَارِ رَهْطُ الْقَبَاقِبِ رِجَالٌ مَتَى يُدْعَوْا إِلَى الْحَرْبِ يُسْرِعُوا كَمَشْيِ الْجِمَالِ الْمُشْعِلَاتِ الْمَصَاعِبِ إِذَا مَا فَرَرْنَا كَانَ أَسْوَا فِرَارِنَا صُدُودُ الْخُدُودِ وَازْوِرَارُ الْمَنَاكِبِ صُدُودُ الْخُدُودِ وَالْقَنَا مُتَشَاجِرٌ وَلَا تَبْرَحُ الْأَقْدَامُ عِنْدَ التَّضَارُبِ ظَأَرْنَاكُمُ بِالْبِيضِ حَتَّى لَأَنْتُمُ أَذَلُّ مِنَ السُّقْبَانِ بَيْنَ الْحَلَائِبِ يُجَرَّدْنَ بِيضًا كُلَّ يَوْمِ كَرِيهَةٍ وَيَرْجِعْنَ حُمْرًا جَارِحَاتِ الْمَضَارِبِ لَقِيتُكُمُ يَوْمَ الْحَدَائِقِ حَاسِرًا كَأَنَّ يَدِي بِالسَّيْفِ مِخْرَاقُ لَاعِبِ وَيَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ أَسْلَمَتْنَا سُيُوفُنَا إِلَى حَسَبٍ فِي جِذْمِ غَسَّانَ ثَاقِبِ قَتَلْنَاكُمُ يَوْمَ الْفِجَارِ وَقَبْلَهُ وَيَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ كَانَ يَوْمَ التَّغَالُبِ أَتَتْ عُصَبٌ لِلْأَوْسِ تَخْطُرُ بِالْقَنَا كَمَشْيِ الْأُسُودِ فِي رَشَاشِ الْأَهَاضِبِ فَأَجَابَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ: أَشَاقَتْكَ لَيْلَى فِي الْخَلِيطِ الْمُجَانِبِ نَعَمْ، فَرَشَاشُ الدَّمْعِ فِي الصَّدْرِ غَالِبِ بَكَتْ إِثْرَ مَنْ شَطَّتْ نَوَاهُ وَلَمْ يَقُمْ لِحَاجَةِ مَخْزُونٍ شَكَا الْحُبَّ نَاصِبِ لَدُنْ غَدْوَةً حَتَّى إِذَا الشَّمْسُ عَارَضَتْ أَرَاحَتْ لَهُ مِنْ لُبِّهِ كُلَّ عَازِبِ نُحَامِي عَلَى أَحْسَابِنَا بِتِلَادِنَا لِمُفْتَقِرٍ أَوْ سَائِلِ الْحَقِّ وَاجِبِ وَأَعْمَى هَدَتْهُ لِلسَّبِيلِ سُيُوفُنَا وَخَصْمٍ أَقَمْنَا بَعْدَمَا ثَجَّ ثَاعِبِ وَمُعْتَرَكٍ ضَنْكٍ يُرَى الْمَوْتُ وَسْطَهُ مَشَيْنَا لَهُ مَشْيَ الْجِمَالِ الْمَصَاعِبِ بِرَجْلٍ تَرَى الْمَاذِيَّ فَوْقَ جُلُودِهِمْ وَبِيضًا نَقِيًّا مِثْلَ لَوْنِ الْكَوَاكِبِ وَه?مْ حُسَّرٌ لَا فِي الدُّرُوعِ تَخَالُهُمْ أُسُودًا مَتَّى تُنْشَا الرِّمَاحُ تُضَارِبِ مَعَاقِلُهُمْ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ كَرِيهَةٍ مَعَ الصِّدْقِ مَنْسُوبِ السُّيُوفِ الْقَوَاضِبِ وَهِيَ طَوِيلَةٌ. وَلَيْلَى الَّتِي شَبَّبَ بِهَا ابْنُ رَوَاحَةَ هِيَ أُخْتُ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْخَطِيمِ. وَعَمْرَةُ الَّتِي شَبَّبَ بِهَا ابْنُ الْخَطِيمِ هِيَ أُخْتُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ، وَهِيَ أُمُّ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ. ( بُعَاثُ: بِضَمِّ الْبَاءِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ، وَبِالْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ كِتَابِ الْعَيْنِ وَحْدَهُ: وَهُوَ بِالْغَيْنِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ ).
Translation
✧ The Day of Buʿāth Then Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr renewed the covenants with the Aws for mutual support and aid, and their affair became firm, and they strove in their war. And tribes of the Jews other than those we have mentioned entered with them. When the Khazraj heard of that, they gathered and mustered and corresponded with their allies from Ashjaʿ and Juhaynah, and the Aws corresponded with their allies from Muzaynah. They remained one day equipping themselves for war, and they met at Buʿāth, which is among the districts of Qurayẓah. Over the Aws was Ḥuḍayr al-Katāʾib b. Simāk, the father of Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr, and over the Khazraj was ʿAmr b. al-Nuʿmān al-Bayāḍī. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl stayed behind, along with those who followed him, from the Khazraj, and the Banū Ḥārithah b. al-Ḥārith stayed behind from the Aws. When they met, they fought a fierce battle and all showed endurance. Then the Aws felt the bite of the weapons and turned in defeat toward al-ʿArīḍ. When Ḥuḍayr saw their defeat, he knelt and thrust his foot with the blade of his spear and cried out: 'What a wound, like the wound of a camel! By God, I will not return until I am killed; if you wish, O company of the Aws, to abandon me, then do so.' So they turned back to him, and two youths of the Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal named Maḥmūd and Yazīd, the two sons of Khalīfah, fought in his defense until they were killed. An arrow came—no one knew who shot it—and struck ʿAmr b. al-Nuʿmān al-Bayāḍī, the chief of the Khazraj, and killed him. While ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl was going back and forth on horseback near Buʿāth, spying out the news, ʿAmr b. al-Nuʿmān was brought to him dead, wrapped in a cloak, carried by four men, just as he had told him. When he saw him, he said: 'Taste the evil consequence of oppression!' The Khazraj were routed, and the Aws set their weapons upon them. A crier shouted: 'O company of the Aws, act well and do not destroy your brothers, for their protection is better than the protection of foxes!' So they desisted from them and did not despoil them. Only Qurayẓah and al-Naḍīr despoiled them. The Aws carried Ḥuḍayr wounded, and he died. The Aws burned the houses of the Khazraj and their palm trees, but Saʿd b. Muʿādh al-Ashhalī granted protection to the properties of the Banū Salamah, their palm trees and their houses, as a reward for what they had done for him at al-Raʿl—and its mention has preceded. On that day, al-Zubayr b. Iyās b. Bāṭā saved Thābit b. Qays b. Shimmās al-Khazrajī; he seized him, cut off his forelock, and released him. This is the favor with which Thābit repaid him in Islam on the day of the Banū Qurayẓah, and we shall mention it. The Day of Buʿāth was the last of the famous wars between the Aws and the Khazraj. Then Islam came, the word became united, and they gathered to support Islam and its people, and God spared the believers from fighting. The Anṣār composed many poems on the Day of Buʿāth. Among them is the saying of Qays b. al-Khaṭīm al-Ẓafarī al-Awsī: Do you recognize a trace like the gilded border of ʿAmrah, a campsite without any rider stopping? The abodes of the one who, when we were at Minā, would alight with us were it not for the hope of the riding camels. She appeared to us like the sun beneath a cloud; one eyebrow of hers showed, and she begrudged the other eyebrow. And from them: I was a man who would not send forth war unjustly, but when they refused, I kindled it on every side. I gave leave to repel war—war I saw that by repelling only drew nearer. When I saw war stripped bare, I donned, along with the two cloaks, the garment of the warrior— a doubled coat whose hang covers the fingertips, as if its two rings were the eyes of locusts. You see the shafts of the lances cast down as if they were the trimming of palm branches in the hands of the strippers. And the two priest-kings and Mālik granted me favor, and Thaʿlabah of the good, the clan of the Qabāqib— men who, when called to war, hasten like the gait of camels kindled for the stallion. When we fled, the worst of our flight was the turning away of cheeks and the twisting of shoulders— turning away of cheeks while the spears were tangled, and the feet did not cease at the striking. We weaned you with the white swords until you became more abased than the young camels among the milk-camels. They are drawn forth white on every day of calamity and return red, wounding the striking places. I met you on the Day of al-Ḥadāʾiq unarmored, as if my hand with the sword were the playing-stick of a player. And on the Day of Buʿāth our swords delivered us to a lineage piercing in the root of Ghassān. We killed you on the Day of al-Fijār and before it, and the Day of Buʿāth was a day of mutual overpowering. Bands came to the Aws, swaggering with lances like the walking of lions in the scattered dust of the valleys. ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah answered him: Did Laylā stir your longing in the departing caravan? Yes, for the sprinkle of tears in the breast is overpowering. She wept after one whose departure was far, and he did not rise for the need of a grieved one who complained of love, weary. From early morning until when the sun crossed over, she brought back to him from his heart every straying thought. We defend our lineages with our inherited wealth for the needy or for one who asks the obligatory right. And a blind man whom our swords guided to the way, and an adversary whom we set aright after a stream gushed forth. And in a narrow battlefield where death is seen in its midst, we walked to it with the gait of refractory camels— with men upon whose skins you see the Yemeni swords, and white blades pure like the color of the stars. And they are unarmored, not in coats of mail; you would think them lions that, whenever the spears are raised, strike. Their strongholds on every day of calamity are with truth, the lineage of the sharp cutting swords. And it is a long poem. The Laylā with whom Ibn Rawāḥah made amatory verses is the sister of Qays b. al-Khaṭīm. The ʿAmrah with whom Ibn al-Khaṭīm made amatory verses is the sister of ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah, and she is the mother of al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr al-Anṣārī. (Buʿāth: with ḍammah on the undotted bāʾ and with the undotted ʿayn; the author of the Book of al-ʿAyn alone said: it is with the dotted ghayn).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.