Tarikh (al-Tabari) 625
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
ذِكْرُ غَلَبَةِ ثَقِيفٍ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ وَالْحَرْبِ بَيْنَ الْأَحْلَافِ وَبَنِي مَالِكٍ كَانَتْ أَرْضُ الطَّائِفِ قَدِيمًا لِعُدْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَيْلَانَ بْنِ مُضَرَ. فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ بَنُو عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ بْنِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَصْفَةَ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَيْلَانَ غَلَبُوهُمْ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ بَعْدَ قِتَالٍ شَدِيدٍ. وَكَانَ بَنُو عَامِرٍ يُصَيِّفُونَ بِالطَّائِفِ، وَيُشَتُّونَ بِأَرْضِهِمْ مِنْ نَجْدٍ، وَكَانَتْ ثَقِيفُ حَوْلَ الطَّائِفِ. وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِيهِمْ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَعَلَهُمْ مِنْ إِيَادٍ فَقَالَ: ثَقِيفٌ اسْمُهُ قَسِيُّ بْنُ نَبَتَ بْنِ مُنَبِّهِ بْنِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ يَقْدُمَ بْنِ أَفْصَى بْنِ دُعْمِيِّ بْنِ إِيَادِ بْنِ مَعَدٍّ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ جَعَلَهُمْ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ فَقَالَ: هُوَ قَيْسُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهِ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ بْنِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَصْفَةَ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَيْلَانَ. فَرَأَتْ ثَقِيفٌ الْبِلَادَ فَأَعْجَبَهُمْ نَبَاتُهَا وَطِيبُ ثَمَرِهَا، فَقَالُوا لِبَنِي عَامِرٍ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضَ لَا تَصْلُحُ لِلزَّرْعِ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْضُ ضَرْعٍ، وَنَرَاكُمْ عَلَى أَنْ آثَرْتُمُ الْمَاشِيَةَ عَلَى الْغِرَاسِ، وَنَحْنُ أُنَاسٌ لَيْسَتْ لَنَا مَوَاشٍ، فَهَلْ لَكَمَ أَنْ تَجْمَعُوا الزَّرْعَ وَالضَّرْعَ بِغَيْرِ مَؤُونَةٍ ؟ تَدْفَعُونَ إِلَيْنَا بِلَادَكُمْ هَذِهِ فَنُثِيرُهَا وَنَغْرِسُهَا وَنَحْفِرُ فِيهَا الْأَطْوَاءَ وَلَا نُكَلِّفُكُمْ مَؤُونَةً. نَحْنُ نَكْفِيكُمُ الْمَؤُونَةَ وَالْعَمَلَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ وَقْتُ إِدْرَاكِ الثَّمَرِ كَانَ لَكُمُ النِّصْفُ كَامِلًا، وَلَنَا النِّصْفُ بِمَا عَمِلْنَا. فَرَغِبَ بَنُو عَامِرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ وَسَلَّمُوا إِلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضَ، فَنَزَلَتْ ثَقِيفٌ الطَّائِفَ وَاقْتَسَمُوا الْبِلَادَ وَعَمِلُوا الْأَرْضَ وَزَرَعُوهَا مِنَ الْأَعْنَابِ وَالثِّمَارِ، وَوَفَوْا بِمَا شَرَطُوا لِبَنِي عَامِرٍ حِينًا مِنَ الدَّهْرِ، وَكَانَ بَنُو عَامِرٍ يَمْنَعُونَ ثَقِيفًا مِمَّنْ أَرَادَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ. فَلَمَّا كَثُرَتْ ثَقِيفٌ وَشَرُفَتْ حَصَّنَتْ بِلَادَهَا وَبَنَوْا أَسْوَارًا عَلَى الطَّائِفِ وَحَصَّنُوهُ، وَمَنَعُوا عَامِرًا مِمَّا كَانُوا يَحْمِلُونَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ عَنْ نِصْفِ الثِّمَارِ. وَأَرَادَ بَنُو عَامِرٍ أَخْذَهُ مِنْهُمْ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ فَلَمْ يَظْفَرُوا، وَكَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ بَطْنَيْنِ: الْأَحْلَافُ وَبَنِي مَالِكٍ، وَكَانَ لِلْأَحْلَافِ فِي هَذَا أَثَرٌ عَظِيمٌ، وَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَعْتَدُّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى بَنِي مَالِكٍ فَأَقَامُوا كَذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَحْلَافَ أَثْرُوا وَكَثُرَتْ خَيْلُهُمْ، فَحَمَوْا لَهَا حِمًى مِنْ أَرْضِ بَنِي نَصْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ يُقَالُ لَهُ جِلْذَانُ، فَغَضِبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بَنُو نَصْرٍ وَقَاتَلُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَجَّتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ. وَكَانَ رَأْسُ بَنِي نَصْرٍ عُفَيْفَ بْنَ عَوْفِ بْنِ عُبَادٍ النَّصْرِيَّ ثُمَّ الْيَرْبُوعِيَّ، وَرَأْسُ الْأَحْلَافِ مَسْعُودَ بْنَ قَعْنَبٍ. فَلَمَّا لَجَّتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ بَنِي نَصْرٍ وَالْأَحْلَافِ اغْتَنَمَ ذَلِكَ بَنُو مَالِكٍ وَرَئِيسُهُمْ جُنْدَبُ بْنُ عَوْفِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ حُطَيْطِ بْنِ جُشَمَ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ لِضَغَائِنَ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْأَحْلَافِ، فَحَالَفُوا بَنِي يَرْبُوعٍ عَلَى الْأَحْلَافِ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الْأَحْلَافُ بِذَلِكَ اجْتَمَعُوا. وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ قِتَالٍ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْأَحْلَافِ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي مَالِكٍ وَحُلَفَائِهِمْ مِنْ بَنِي نَصْرٍ يَوْمَ الطَّائِفِ، وَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْتَصَرَ الْأَحْلَافُ وَأَخْرَجُوهُمْ مِنْهُ إِلَى وَادٍ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الطَّائِفِ يُقَالُ لَهُ لَحْبٌ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ بَنِي مَالِكٍ وَبَنِي يَرْبُوعٍ مَقْتَلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ فِي شِعْبٍ مِنْ شِعَابِ ذَلِكَ الْجَبَلِ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْأَبَانُ. ثُمَّ اقْتَتَلُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَيَّامًا مُسَمَّيَاتٍ، مِنْهُنَّ يَوْمُ غَمْرِ ذِي كِنْدَةَ، مِنْ نَحْوِ نَخْلَةَ، وَمِنْهُنَّ يَوْمُ كُرُونَا مِنْ نَحْوِ حُلْوَانَ، وَصَاحَ عُفَيْفُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ صَيْحَةً يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ سَبْعِينَ حُبْلَى مِنْهُمْ أَلْقَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا، فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ ثُمَّ افْتَرَقُوا. فَسَارَتْ بَنُو مَالِكٍ تَبْتَغِي الْحِلْفَ مِنْ دَوْسٍ وَخَثْعَمٍ وَغَيْرِهَا عَلَى الْأَحْلَافِ، وَخَرَجَتِ الْأَحْلَافُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ تَبْتَغِي الْحِلْفَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَلَى بَنِي مَالِكٍ، فَقَدِمَ مَسْعُودُ بْنُ مُعَتِّبٍ عَلَى أُحَيْحَةَ بْنِ الْجُلَاحِ أَحَدِ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ، وَكَانَ أَشْرَفَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي زَمَانِهِ، فَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ الْحِلْفَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أُحَيْحَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ إِلَى قَوْمٍ قَطُّ بِحِلْفٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ إِلَّا أَقَرَّ لِأُولَئِكَ الْقَوْمِ بِشَرٍّ مِمَّا أَنِفَ مِنْهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مَسْعُودٌ: إِنِّي أَخُوكَ، وَكَانَ صَدِيقًا لَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَخُوكَ الَّذِي تَرَكْتَهُ وَرَاءَكَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ، فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ وَزَوَّدَهُ بِسِلَاحٍ وَزَادٍ، وَأَعْطَاهُ غُلَامًا كَانَ يَبْنِي الْآطَامَ، يَعْنِي الْحُصُونَ، بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَبَنَى لِمَسْعُودِ بْنِ مُتَعَّبٍ أُطُمًا فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ أُطُمٍ يُبْنَى بِالطَّائِفِ، ثُمَّ بُنِيَتِ الْآطَامُ بَعْدَهُ بِالطَّائِفِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمْ حَرْبٌ تُذْكَرُ. وَقَالُوا فِي حَرْبِهِمْ أَشْعَارًا كَثِيرَةً، فَمِنْ ذَلِكَ قَوْلُ مُحَبَّرٍ، وَهُوَ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ أَحَدُ بَنِي عَوْفِ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ مِنَ الْأَحْلَافِ: وَمَا كُنْتُ مِمَّنْ أَرَّثَ الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ مَسْعُودًا جَنَاهَا وَجُنْدَبَا قَرِيعَيْ ثَقِيفٍ أَنْشَبَا الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَكُ عَنْهَا مَنْزِعٌ حِينَ أَنْشَبَا عَنَاقًا ضَرُوسًا بَيْنَ عَوْفٍ وَمَالِكٍ شَدِيدًا لَظَاهَا تَتْرُكُ الطِّفْلَ أَشْيَبَا مُضَرَّمَةً شَبًّا أَشَبَّا وَقُودَهَا بِأَيْدِيهِمَا مَا أَوْرَيَاهَا وَأَثْقَبَا أَصَابَتْ بَرَاءٌ مِنْ طَوَائِفِ مَالِكٍ وَعَوْفٍ بِمَا جَرَّا عَلَيْهَا وَأَجْلَبَا كَجُمْثُورَةٍ جَاءُوا تَخَطَّوْا مَآبَنَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَتَدْعُو فِي اللِّقَاءِ مُعَتَّبَا وَتَدْعُو بَنِي عَوْفِ بْنِ عُقْدَةَ فِي الْوَغَى وَتَدْعُو عِلَاجًا وَالْحَلِيفَ الْمُطَيَّبَا حُبَيْبًا وَحَيًّا مِنْ رِبَابٍ كَتَائِبًا وَسَعْدًا إِذَا الدَّاعِي إِلَى الْمَوْتِ ثَوَّبَا وَقَوْمًا بِمَكْرُوثَاءَ شَنَّتْ مُعَتَّبٌ بِغَارَتِهَا فَكَانَ يَوْمًا عَصَبْصَبَا فَأَسْقَطَ أَحْبَالَ النِّسَاءِ بِصَوْتِهِ عُفَيْفٌ إِذَا نَادَى بِنَصْرٍ فَطَرَّبَا ( عُفَيْفٌ هَذَا بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ وَفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ ).
Translation
✧ Account of Thaqīf's dominance over al-Ṭāʾif and the war between the Aḥlāf and Banū Mālik The land of al-Ṭāʾif had anciently belonged to ʿAdwān b. ʿAmr b. Qays b. ʿAylān b. Muḍar. When the Banū ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah b. Muʿāwiyah b. Bakr b. Hawāzin b. Manṣūr b. ʿIkrimah b. Khaṣafah b. Qays b. ʿAylān grew numerous, they overcame them over al-Ṭāʾif after severe fighting. The Banū ʿĀmir used to spend the summer in al-Ṭāʾif and the winter in their land in Najd, and Thaqīf were around al-Ṭāʾif. People have differed concerning them; some made them from Iyād and said: Thaqīf's name is Qasiyy b. Nabat b. Munabbih b. Manṣūr b. Yaqdum b. Afṣā b. Duʿmiyy b. Iyād b. Maʿadd, and some made them from Hawāzin and said: He is Qays b. Munabbih b. Bakr b. Hawāzin b. Manṣūr b. ʿIkrimah b. Khaṣafah b. Qays b. ʿAylān. Thaqīf looked at the lands and its vegetation and the goodness of its fruits pleased them. They said to Banū ʿĀmir: 'This land is not suitable for cultivation; it is only a land of pasturage. We see that you have preferred livestock over planting, and we are people who have no livestock. Would you like to combine cultivation and pasturage without expense? You hand over to us this land of yours, and we will till it and plant it and dig wells in it, and we will not impose any expense on you. We will take care of the expense and the work for you, and when the time of ripening of fruit comes, the half will be yours in full, and the half ours for our work.' Banū ʿĀmir desired that and handed over the land to them. Thaqīf settled in al-Ṭāʾif and divided the lands and worked the earth and cultivated it with vines and fruit trees, and they fulfilled what they had stipulated for Banū ʿĀmir for a time. Banū ʿĀmir used to protect Thaqīf from any Arabs who wanted them. When Thaqīf became numerous and noble, they fortified their land and built walls around al-Ṭāʾif and fortified it, and prevented ʿĀmir from what they used to carry to them as the half of the fruits. Banū ʿĀmir wanted to take it from them but were not able, so they fought them but did not prevail. Thaqīf were two clans: the Aḥlāf and Banū Mālik. The Aḥlāf had a great part in this, and they kept boasting of it over Banū Mālik, and so they remained. Then the Aḥlāf became wealthy and their horses multiplied, so they protected for them a reserve from the land of Banū Naṣr b. Muʿāwiyah b. Bakr b. Hawāzin called Jildhān. Banū Naṣr became angry at that and fought them over it, and the war between them persisted. The head of Banū Naṣr was ʿUfayf b. ʿAwf b. ʿUbād al-Naṣrī then al-Yarbūʿī, and the head of the Aḥlāf was Masʿūd b. Qaʿnab. When the war persisted between Banū Naṣr and the Aḥlāf, Banū Mālik seized that opportunity, and their chief Jundab b. ʿAwf b. al-Ḥārith b. Mālik b. Ḥuṭayṭ b. Jusham of Thaqīf, because of old grudges between them and the Aḥlāf, so they allied with Banū Yarbūʿ against the Aḥlāf. When the Aḥlāf heard of that, they assembled. The first fighting between the Aḥlāf and Banū Mālik and their allies of Banū Naṣr was the Day of al-Ṭāʾif; they fought a severe fight, and the Aḥlāf were victorious and drove them out of it to a valley beyond al-Ṭāʾif called Laḥb. A great slaughter of Banū Mālik and Banū Yarbūʿ took place in a ravine of that mountain called al-Abān. Then after that they fought on named days, among them the Day of Ghamr Dhī Kindah, in the direction of Nakhla, and among them the Day of Kūrūnā in the direction of Ḥulwān. On that day ʿUfayf b. ʿAwf al-Yarbūʿī let out a cry which they claim caused seventy pregnant women among them to miscarry what was in their wombs. They fought a most severe fight then separated. Banū Mālik went seeking alliance from Daws, Khathʿam and others against the Aḥlāf, and the Aḥlāf went to al-Madīnah seeking alliance from the Anṣār against Banū Mālik. Masʿūd b. Muʿattib came to Uḥayḥah b. al-Julāḥ, one of Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf of the Aws, who was the noblest of the Anṣār in his time, and sought alliance from him. Uḥayḥah said to him: 'By God, no man ever went out from his people to another people for alliance or otherwise except that he conceded to those people something worse than what he disdained from his own people.' Masʿūd said to him: 'I am your brother,' and he was a friend of his. He said: 'Your brother is the one you left behind you, so return to him.' He turned away from him, and he provisioned him with weapons and supplies, and gave him a servant who used to build the āṭām, meaning the fortresses, in al-Madīnah. He built for Masʿūd b. Muʿattib an uṭum, and it was the first uṭum built in al-Ṭāʾif; then the āṭām were built after it in al-Ṭāʾif. After that there was no war of note between them. They composed many poems about their war. Among that is the saying of Muḥabbar, who is Rabīʿah b. Sufyān, one of Banū ʿAwf b. ʿUqdah of the Aḥlāf: I was not one who kindled the evil between them, but Masʿūd committed it, and Jundabā— The two champions of Thaqīf fastened the evil between them, And there was no drawing back from it once they fastened it— A biting she-goat between ʿAwf and Mālik, With fierce flames that leave the child grey-haired, Kindled and blazing, whose fuel they set alight With their own hands, what they ignited and pierced. Innocents among the factions of Mālik were struck, And ʿAwf, by what the two brought upon them and gathered, Like a great mass they came, stepping over our perishing, To them, and she calls in the encounter Muʿattibā, And calls Banū ʿAwf b. ʿUqdah in the fray, And calls ʿIlāj and the allied Muṭayyabā, Ḥubayb and a band from Ribāb as battalions, And Saʿd when the caller to death raises the cry, And a people at Makrūthāʾ whom Muʿattib launched In her raid, and it was a most bitter day. Then he caused the cords of women to fall by his voice, ʿUfayf, when he called upon Naṣr and sang. (This ʿUfayf is with ḍammah on the ʿayn and fatḥah on the fāʾ).
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