Tarikh (al-Tabari) 577
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
يَوْمُ الشَّقِيقَةِ وَقَتْلِ بِسْطَامِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ هَذَا يَوْمٌ بَيْنَ شَيْبَانَ وَضَبَّةَ بْنِ أُدٍّ، قُتِلَ فِيهِ بِسْطَامُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ سَيِّدُ شَيْبَانَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُهُ أَنَّ بِسْطَامَ بْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ذِي الْجَدَّيْنِ غَزَا بَنِي ضَبَّةَ، وَمَعَهُ أَخُوهُ السَّلِيلُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَمَعَهُ رَجُلٌ يَزْجُرُ الطَّيْرَ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ يُسَمَّى نُقَيْدًا. فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِسْطَامٌ فِي بَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ رَأَى فِي مَنَامِهِ كَأَنَّ آتِيًا أَتَاهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: الدَّلْوُ تَأْتِي الْغَرَبَ الْمُزِلَّهْ، فَقَصَّ رُؤْيَاهُ عَلَى نُقَيْدٍ، فَتَطَيَّرَ وَقَالَ: أَلَا قُلْتَ: ثُمَّ تَعُودُ بَادِيًا مُبْتَلَّهْ، فَتُفَرِّطُ عَنْكَ النُّحُوسَ. وَمَضَى بِسْطَامٌ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْ نَقًا يُقَالُ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ فِي بِلَادِ ضَبَّةَ صَعِدَهُ لِيَرَى، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِنَعَمٍ قَدْ مَلَأَ الْأَرْضَ، فِيهِ أَلْفُ نَاقَةٍ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ الْمُنْتَفِقِ الضَّبِّيِّ مِنْ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ ضَبَّةَ قَدْ فَقَأَ عَيْنَ فَحْلِهَا. وَكَذَلِكَ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، إِذَا بَلَغَتْ إِبِلُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَلْفَ بَعِيرٍ فَقَأُوا عَيْنَ فَحْلِهَا لِتُرَدَّ عَنْهَا الْعَيْنُ، وَهِيَ إِبِلٌ مُرْتَبِعَةٌ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ الْمُنْتَفِقِ فِيهَا عَلَى فَرَسٍ لَهُ جَوَادٍ. فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ بِسْطَامٌ عَلَى النَّقَا تَخَوَّفَ أَنْ يَرَوْهُ فَيُنْذَرُوا بِهِ فَاضْطَجَعَ وَتَدَهْدَى حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْأَرْضَ وَقَالَ: يَا بَنِي شَيْبَانَ لَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ فِي الْغِرَّةِ وَكَثْرَةِ النَّعَمِ. وَنَظَرَ نُقَيْدٌ إِلَى لِحْيَةِ بِسْطَامٍ مُعَفَّرَةً بِالتُّرَابِ لَمَّا تَدَهْدَى فَتَطَيَّرَ لَهُ أَيْضًا وَقَالَ: إِنْ صَدَقَتِ الطَّيْرُ فَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ يُقْتَلُ، وَعَزَمَ الْأَسَدِيُّ عَلَى فِرَاقِهِ، فَأَخَذَتْهُ رِعْدَةٌ تَهَيُّبًا لِفِرَاقِهِ وَالِانْصِرَافِ عَنْهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: ارْجِعْ يَا أَبَا الصَّهْبَاءِ، فَإِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تُقْتَلَ، فَعَصَاهُ فَفَارَقَهُ نُقَيْدٌ. وَرَكِبَ بِسْطَامٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَأَغَارُوا عَلَى الْإِبِلِ وَاطَّرَدُوهَا، وَفِيهَا فَحْلٌ لِمَالِكٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو شَاعِرٍ، وَكَانَ أَعْوَرَ، فَنَجَا مَالِكٌ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ مِنْ ضَبَّةَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى تَعْشَارٍ نَادَى: يَا صَبَاحَاهُ ! وَعَادَ رَاجِعًا. وَأَدْرَكَ الْفَوَارِسُ الْقَوْمَ وَهُمْ يَطَّرِدُونَ النَّعَمَ، فَجَعَلَ فَحْلُهُ أَبُو شَاعِرٍ يَشِذُّ مِنَ النَّعَمِ لِيَرْجِعَ وَتَتْبَعُهُ الْإِبِلُ، فَكُلَّمَا تَبِعَتْهُ نَاقَةٌ عَقَرَهَا بِسْطَامٌ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى مَالِكٌ مَا يَصْنَعُ بِسْطَامٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ قَالَ: مَا ذَا السَّفَهُ يَا بِسْطَامُ ؟ لَا تَعْقِرْهَا فَإِمَّا لَنَا وَإِمَّا لَكَ. فَأَبَى بِسْطَامٌ، وَكَانَ فِي أُخْرَيَاتِ النَّاسِ عَلَى فَرَسٍ أَدْهَمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الزَّعْفَرَانُ يَحْمِي أَصْحَابَهُ، فَلَمَّا لَحِقَتْ خَيْلُ ضَبَّةَ قَالَ لَهُمْ مَالِكٌ: ارْمُوا رَوَايَا الْقَوْمِ. فَجَعَلُوا يَرْمُونَهَا فَيَشُقُّونَهَا. فَلَحِقَتْ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ وَفِي أَوَائِلِهِمْ عَاصِمُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الصَّبَاحِيُّ، وَكَانَ ضَعِيفَ الْعَقْلِ، وَكَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يُعَقِّبُ قَنَاةً لَهُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا تَصْنَعُ بِهَا يَا عَاصِمُ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَقْتُلُ عَلَيْهَا بِسْطَامًا، فَيَهْزَأُونَ مِنْهُ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الصَّرِيخُ رَكِبَ فَرَسَ أَخِيهِ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهِ وَلَحِقَ الْخَيْلَ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ ضَبَّةَ: أَيُّهُمُ الرَّئِيسُ ؟ قَالَ: صَاحِبُ الْفَرَسِ الْأَدْهَمِ. فَعَارَضَهُ عَاصِمٌ حَتَّى حَاذَاهُ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَطَعَنَهُ بِالرُّمْحِ فِي صِمَاخِ أُذُنِهِ أَنْفَذَ الطَّعْنَةَ إِلَى الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ، وَخَرَّ بِسْطَامٌ عَلَى شَجَرَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا الْأَلَاءَةُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ شَيْبَانُ خَلُّوا سَبِيلَ النَّعَمِ وَوَلَّوُا الْأَدْبَارَ، فَمِنْ قَتِيلٍ وَأَسِيرٍ. وَأَسَرَ بَنُو ثَعْلَبَةَ نِجَادَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ أَخَا بِسْطَامٍ فِي سَبْعِينَ مِنْ بَنِي شَيْبَانَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ غَنَمَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ مُجَاوِرًا فِي شَيْبَانَ، فَخَافَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ فَقَالَ يَرْثِي بِسْطَامًا: لِأُمِّ الْأَرْضِ وَيْلٌ مَا أَجَنَّتْ غَدَاةَ أَضَرَّ بِالْحَسَنِ السَّبِيلُ يُقَسِّمُ مَالَهُ فِينَا وَنَدْعُو أَبَا الصَّهْبَاءِ إِذْ جَنَحَ الْأَصِيلُ أَجِدَّكِ لَنْ تَرَيْهِ وَلَنْ نَرَاهُ تَخِبُّ بِهِ عَذَافِرَةٌ ذَمُولُ حَقِيبَةُ بَطْنِهَا بَدَنٌ وَسِرْجٌ تُعَارِضُهَا مُزَبِّبَةٌ زَؤُولُ إِلَى مِيعَادِ أَرْعَنَ مُكْفَهِرٍّ تُضَمَّرُ فِي جَوَانِبِهِ الْخُيُولُ لَكَ الْمِرْبَاعُ مِنْهَا وَالصَّفَايَا وَحُكْمُكَ وَالنَّشِيطَةُ وَالْفُضُولُ لَقَدْ صُمَّتْ بَنُو زَيْدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَلَا يُوفِي بِبِسْطَامٍ قَتِيلُ فَخَرَّ عَلَى الْأَلَاءَةِ لَمْ يُوَسَّدْ كَأَنَّ جَبِينَهُ سَيْفٌ صَقِيلُ فَإِنْ يَجْزَعْ عَلَيْهِ بَنُو أَبِيهِ فَقَدْ فُجِعُوا وَفَاتَهُمُ جَلِيلُ بِمِطْعَامٍ إِذَا الْأَشْوَالُ رَاحَتْ إِلَى الْحَجَرَاتِ لَيْسَ لَهَا فَصِيلُ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ فِي بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ بَيْتٌ إِلَّا وَأُلْقِيَ لِقَتْلِهِ لِعُلُوِّ مَحَلِّهِ، وَقَالَ شَمْعَلَةُ بْنُ الْأَخْضَرِ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ الضَّبِّيُّ يَذْكُرُهُ: فَيَوْمُ شَقِيقَةِ الْحَسَنَيْنِ لَاقَتْ بَنُو شَيْبَانَ آجَالًا قِصَارَا شَكَكْنَا بِالرِّمَاحِ، وَهُنَّ زُورٌ صِمَاخَيْ كَبْشِهِمْ حَتَّى اسْتَدَارَا وَأَوْجَرْنَاهُ أَسْمَرَ ذَا كُعُوبٍ يُشَبِّهُ طُولَهُ مَسَدًا مُغَارَا الشَّقِيقَةُ: أَرْضٌ صَلْبَةٌ بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْ رَمْلٍ. وَالْحَسَنَانِ: نَقَوَا رَمْلٍ كَانَتِ الْوَقْعَةُ عِنْدَهُمَا. وَقَالَتْ أُمُّ بِسْطَامِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ تَرِثِيهِ: لِيَبْكِ ابْنَ ذِي الْجَدَّيْنِ بَكْرُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ فَقَدْ بَانَ مِنْهَا زَيْنُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا إِذَا مَا غَدَا فِيهِمْ غَدَوْا وَكَأَنَّهُمْ نُجُومُ سَمَاءٍ بَيْنَهُنَّ هِلَالُهَا فَلِلَّهِ عَيْنَا مَنْ رَأَى مِثْلَهُ فَتًى إِذَا الْخَيْلُ يَوْمَ الرَّوْعِ هَبَّ نِزَالُهَا عَزِيزُ الْمَكَرِّ لَا يُهَدُّ جَنَاحُهُ وَلَيْثٌ إِذَا الْفِتْيَانُ زَلَّتْ نِعَالُهَا وَحَمَّالُ أَثْقَالٍ وَعَائِدُ مَحْجَرٍ تَحُلُّ إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ ذَاكَ رِحَالُهَا سَيَبْكِيكَ عَانٍ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَنْ يَفُكُّهُ وَيَبْكِيكَ فُرْسَانُ الْوَغَى وَرِجَالُهَا وَتَبْكِيكَ أَسْرَى طَالَمَا قَدْ فَكَكْتَهُمْ وَأَرْمَلَةٌ ضَاعَتْ وَضَاعَ عِيَالُهَا مُفَرِّجُ حُومَاتِ الْخُطُوبِ وَمُدْرِكُ الْ حُرُوبِ إِذَا صَالَتْ وَعَزَّ صِيَالُهَا تَغَشَّى بِهَا حِينًا كَذَاكَ فَفَجَّعَتْ تَمِيمٌ بِهِ أَرْمَاحُهَا وَنِبَالُهَا فَقَدْ ظَفِرَتْ مِنَّا تَمِيمٌ بَعْثَرَةٍ وَتِلْكَ لَعَمْرِي عَثْرَةٌ لَا تُقَالُهَا أُصِيبَتْ بِهِ شَيْبَانُ وَالْحَيُّ يَشْكُرُ وَطَيْرٌ يُرَى إِرْسَالُهَا وَحِبَالُهَا ( عَنَمَةٌ: بِفَتْحِ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَالنُّونِ ).
Translation
✧ The Day of al-Shaqīqah and the Killing of Bisṭām b. Qays This is a day between Shaybān and Ḍabbah b. Udd, in which Bisṭām b. Qays, chief of Shaybān, was killed. Its cause was that Bisṭām b. Qays b. Masʿūd b. Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh Dhū al-Jaddayn raided Banū Ḍabbah, accompanied by his brother al-Salīl b. Qays and a man who practiced augury from Banū Asad b. Khuzaymah named Nuqayd. When Bisṭām was on part of the way, he saw in a dream as if someone came to him and said to him: "The bucket comes to the slippery gharb." He related his vision to Nuqayd, who became pessimistic and said: "Why did you not say: Then it returns appearing wet, so the misfortunes pass you by?" Bisṭām went on his way, and when he drew near a sand dune called al-Ḥasan in the territory of Ḍabbah he climbed it to look, and there he saw livestock that filled the land, among them a thousand she-camels belonging to Mālik b. al-Muntafiq al-Ḍabbī of Banū Thaʿlabah b. Saʿd b. Ḍabbah, whose stallion's eye had been put out. They used to do that in the Jāhiliyyah: when one of their camels reached a thousand, they put out the eye of its stallion so that the evil eye might be averted from them. They were camels grazing on spring pasture, and Mālik b. al-Muntafiq was among them on a swift horse of his. When Bisṭām looked down from the dune, he feared they would see him and be warned of him, so he lay down and rolled down until he reached the ground and said: "O Banū Shaybān, I have never seen the like of today in terms of heedlessness and abundance of livestock." Nuqayd looked at Bisṭām's beard, covered with dust from rolling down, and took that as an ill omen too, saying: "If the birds speak true, he is the first to be killed." The Asadī resolved to part from him, but a trembling seized him out of awe of parting from him and turning away, and he said to him: "Go back, O Abū al-Ṣahbāʾ, for I fear you will be killed." But he disobeyed him, so Nuqayd parted from him. Bisṭām and his companions mounted and raided the camels and drove them off. Among them was a stallion of Mālik's called Abū Shāʿir, which was one-eyed. Mālik escaped on his horse to his people of Ḍabbah until, when he looked down upon Taʿshār, he called out: "O morning raid!" and returned again. The horsemen caught up with the people while they were driving the livestock. His stallion Abū Shāʿir kept straying from the herd in order to turn back, and the camels would follow him. Each time a she-camel followed him, Bisṭām hamstrung her. When Mālik saw what Bisṭām and his companions were doing, he said: "What is this folly, O Bisṭām? Do not hamstring them, for they will be either ours or yours." Bisṭām refused. He was at the rear of the men on a black horse called al-Zaʿfarān, protecting his companions. When the horses of Ḍabbah caught up, Mālik said to them: "Shoot at the people's waterskins." So they began shooting at them and slashing them. Banū Thaʿlabah caught up, and in their vanguard was ʿĀṣim b. Khalīfah al-Ṣabbāḥī, who was weak of mind. Previously he had been binding the blade of a spear of his, and it was said to him: "What will you do with it, O ʿĀṣim?" He would say: "I will kill Bisṭām with it," and they would mock him. When the war cry came, he mounted his brother's horse without his permission and caught up with the horsemen. He said to a man of Ḍabbah: "Which one is the chief?" He said: "The rider of the black horse." ʿĀṣim intercepted him until he came alongside him, then charged at him and thrust him with the spear in the auditory meatus of his ear, sending the thrust through to the other side, and Bisṭām fell upon a tree called al-alāʾah. When Shaybān saw that, they let the livestock go and turned their backs in flight, some killed and some taken captive. Banū Thaʿlabah captured Nijād b. Qays, brother of Bisṭām, along with seventy of Banū Shaybān. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ghanamah al-Ḍabbī was dwelling as a protected neighbor among Shaybān, and he feared he would be killed, so he said in mourning for Bisṭām: To the mother of the earth, woe for what she concealed, on the morning when the road brought calamity at al-Ḥasan. He divides his wealth among us, and we call upon Abū al-Ṣahbāʾ when the evening inclines. By your forefather, you will not see him, nor will we see him, as a strong, swift-paced she-camel carries him. The load of her belly is a body and a saddle, opposed by a lean, swift horse. To the tryst of an army with a lofty nose, drawn together, on whose flanks horses are kept lean. Yours is the fourth part of the spoils from them and the choice shares, and your judgment, the extra gain, and the surplus. Banū Zayd b. ʿAmr have become deaf, and no slain man can equal Bisṭām. He fell upon the alāʾah tree without a pillow, as though his forehead were a polished sword. If his father's sons grieve for him, they have been bereaved, and a great one has passed them by. A feeder when the she-camels with young returned to the enclosures, having no weaned young. There remained no house in Bakr b. Wāʾil but that mourning was observed for his killing, because of his high standing. Shamʿalah b. al-Akhḍar b. Hubayrah al-Ḍabbī said, mentioning it: On the day of Shaqīqat al-Ḥasanayn, Banū Shaybān met short appointments of death. We pierced with spears, and they were bent, the two ears of their ram until they turned around. And we made him swallow a brown spear with knots, whose length resembled a twisted rope. Al-shaqīqah: hard ground between two sand hills. Al-Ḥasanān: two sand dunes near which the battle took place. The mother of Bisṭām b. Qays said in mourning for him: Let Bakr b. Wāʾil weep for the son of Dhū al-Jaddayn, for her adornment and her beauty have departed from her. When he went forth among them, they went forth as though they were stars of the sky with a crescent moon among them. May God's eye weep for one who saw a young man like him, when the horses on the day of terror rose to the battle. Mighty in attack, his wing is never broken, and a lion when the young men's sandals slip. A bearer of heavy burdens and a visitor of the protected neighbor, to whom all those migrations come. The captive who finds no one to release him will weep for you, and the horsemen of battle and its men will weep for you. And the prisoners whom you often freed will weep for you, and a widow whose provision is lost and whose family is lost. A reliever of the crises of calamities and an attainer of wars when they rage and their onslaught is mighty. He plunged into them for a time like that, and Tamīm bereaved him with its spears and its arrows. Tamīm has indeed won from us a great misfortune, and that, by my life, is a stumble that cannot be remedied. Shaybān was struck by him, and the tribe of Yashkur, and birds whose sending and whose snares are seen. (ʿAnamah: with fatḥah on the unpointed ʿayn, and the nūn.)
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.