Tarikh (al-Tabari) 565
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
ذِكْرُ حرب الفجار الْفِجَارِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالثَّانِي أَمَّا الْفِجَارُ الْأَوَّلُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ كَثِيرُ أَمْرٍ لِيُذْكَرَ، وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ لِئَلَّا يُرَى ذِكْرُ الْفِجَارِ الثَّانِي وَمَا كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْعَظِيمَةِ فَيُظَنُّ أَنَّ الْأَوَّلَ مِثْلُهُ وَقَدْ أَهْمَلْنَاهُ، فَلِهَذَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: كَانَ الْفِجَارُ الْأَوَّلُ بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهَا مِنْ كِنَانَةَ كُلِّهَا وَبَيْنَ قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ. وَسَبَبُهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ كِنَانَةَ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي نَصْرِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ، فَأُعْدِمَ الْكِنَانِيُّ، فَوَافَى النَّصْرِيُّ سُوقَ عُكَاظَ بِقِرْدٍ وَقَالَ: مَنْ يَبِيعُنِي مِثْلَ هَذَا بِمَا لِي عَلَى فُلَانٍ الْكِنَانِيِّ ؟ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ تَعْيِيرًا لِلْكِنَانِيِّ وَقَوْمِهِ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنَانَةَ فَضَرَبَ الْقِرْدَ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ أَنَفَةً مِمَّا قَالَ النَّصْرِيُّ، فَصَرَخَ النَّصْرِيُّ فِي قَيْسٍ، وَصَرَخَ الْكِنَانِيُّ فِي كِنَانَةَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ وَتَحَاوَرُوا حَتَّى كَادَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمُ الْقِتَالُ ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحُوا. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ سَبَبُهُ أَنَّ فِتْيَةً مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ قَعَدُوا إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ وَهِيَ وَضِيئَةٌ عَلَيْهَا بُرْقُعٌ، فَقَالُوا لَهَا: اسْفِرِي لِنَنْظُرَ إِلَى وَجْهِكِ، فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ. فَقَامَ غُلَامٌ مِنْهُمْ فَشَكَّ ذَيْلَ دِرْعِهَا إِلَى ظَهْرِهَا وَلَمْ تَشْعُرْ، فَلَمَّا قَامَتِ انْكَشَفَتْ دُبُرُهَا، فَضَحِكُوا وَقَالُوا: مَنَعْتِنَا النَّظَرَ إِلَى وَجْهِكِ فَقَدْ نَظَرْنَا إِلَى دُبُرِكِ. فَصَاحَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: يَا بَنِي عَامِرٍ فُضِحْتُ ! فَأَتَاهَا النَّاسُ وَاشْتَجَرُوا حَتَّى كَادَ يَكُونُ قِتَالٌ، ثُمَّ رَأَوْا أَنَّ الْأَمْرَ يَسِيرٌ فَاصْطَلَحُوا. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ قَعَدَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَبُو مَعْشَرِ بْنُ مِكْرِزٍ، وَكَانَ عَازِمًا مَنِيعًا فِي نَفْسِهِ، وَكَانَ بِسُوقِ عُكَاظَ، فَمَدَّ رِجْلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: نَحْنُ بَنُو مُدْرِكَةَ بْنِ خِنْدِفْ مَنْ يَطْعَنُوا فِي عَيْنِهِ لَا يَطْرِفْ وَمَنْ يَكُونُوا قَوْمَهُ يُغَطْرَفْ كَأَنَّهُ لُجَّةُ بَحْرٍ مُسْدِفْ أَنَا وَاللَّهِ أَعَزُّ الْعَرَبِ، فَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ أَعَزُّ مِنِّي فَلْيَضْرِبْهَا بِالسَّيْفِ. فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَيْسٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَحْمَرُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ فَضَرَبَهَا بِالسَّيْفِ فَخَرَشَهَا خَرْشًا غَيْرَ كَثِيرٍ، فَاخْتَصَمَ النَّاسُ ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحُوا. - بَنُو نَصْرٍ بِالنُّونِ -. وَأَمَّا الْفِجَارُ الثَّانِي، وَكَانَ بَعْدَ الْفِيلِ بِعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَبَعْدَ مَوْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بِاثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي أَيَّامِ الْعَرَبِ أَشْهَرُ مِنْهُ وَلَا أَعْظَمُ، فَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ الْفِجَارَ لِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ الْحَيَّانِ كِنَانَةُ وَقَيْسٌ فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَحَارِمِ، وَكَانَ قَبْلَهُ يَوْمُ جَبَلَةَ، وَهُوَ مَذْكُورٌ فِي أَيَّامِ الْعَرَبِ، وَالْفِجَارُ أَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُهُ أَنَّ الْبَرَّاضَ بْنَ قَيْسِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ الْكِنَانِيَّ ثُمَّ الضَّمْرِيَّ كَانَ رَجُلًا فَاتِكًا خَلِيعًا قَدْ خَلَعَهُ قَوْمُهُ لِكَثْرَةِ شَرِّهِ، وَكَانَ يُضْرَبُ الْمَثَلُ بِفَتْكِهِ فَيُقَالُ: أَفْتَكُ مِنَ الْبَرَّاضِ. قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: وَالْفَتَى مَنْ تَعَرَّفَتْهُ اللَّيَالِي فَهْوَ فِيهَا كَالْحَيَّةِ النَّضْنَاضِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ لَهُ بِصِرْفِ اللَّيَالِي فَتْكَةٌ مِثْلُ فَتْكَةِ الْبَرَّاضِ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَكَانَ النُّعْمَانُ يَبْعَثُ كُلَّ عَامٍ بِلَطِيمَةٍ لِلتِّجَارَةِ إِلَى عُكَاظَ تُبَاعُ لَهُ هُنَاكَ، وَكَانَ عُكَاظُ وَذُو الْمَجَازِ وَمَجَنَّةُ أَسْوَاقًا تَجْتَمِعُ بِهَا الْعَرَبُ كُلَّ عَامٍ إِذَا حَضَرَ الْمَوْسِمُ، فَيَأْمَنُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ أَيَّامُهَا، وَكَانَتْ مَجَنَّةُ بِالظَّهْرَانِ، وَكَانَتْ عُكَاظُ بَيْنَ نَخْلَةَ وَالطَّائِفِ، وَكَانَ ذُو الْمَجَازِ بِالْجَانِبِ الْأَيْسَرِ إِذَا وَقَفْتَ عَلَى الْمَوْقِفِ، فَقَالَ النُّعْمَانُ، وَعِنْدَهُ الْبَرَّاضُ وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ كِلَابٍ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالرَّحَّالِ، وَإِنَّمَا قِيلَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَةِ رِحْلَتِهِ إِلَى الْمُلُوكِ -: مَنْ يُجِيزُ لِي لَطِيمَتِي هَذِهِ حَتَّى يُبْلِغَهَا عُكَاظَ ؟ فَقَالَ الْبَرَّاضُ: أَنَا أُجِيزُهَا، أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ، عَلَى كِنَانَةَ. فَقَالَ النُّعْمَانُ: إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ مَنْ يُجِيزُهَا عَلَى كِنَانَةَ وَقَيْسٍ ! فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: أَكَلْبٌ خَلِيعٌ يُجِيزُهَا لَكَ، أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ ! أَنَا أُجِيزُهَا عَلَى أَهْلِ الشِّيحِ وَالْقَيْصُومِ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِهَامَةَ وَأَهْلِ نَجْدٍ. فَقَالَ الْبَرَّاضُ، وَغَضِبَ: وَعَلَى كِنَانَةَ تُجِيزُهَا يَا عُرْوَةُ ؟ قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: وَعَلَى النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ. فَدَفَعَ النُّعْمَانُ اللَّطِيمَةَ إِلَى عُرْوَةَ الرَّحَّالِ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ بِهَا، وَخَرَجَ الْبَرَّاضُ يَتْبَعُ أَثَرَهُ، وَعُرْوَةُ يَرَى مَكَانَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَى مِنْهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْ قَوْمِهِ بِوَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ تَيْمَنُ بِنَوَاحِي فَدَكَ أَدْرَكَهُ الْبَرَّاضُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَأَخْرَجَ قِدَاحَهُ يَسْتَقْسِمُ بِهَا فِي قَتْلِ عُرْوَةَ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُرْوَةُ فَقَالَ: مَا تَصْنَعُ يَا بَرَّاضُ ؟ فَقَالَ: أَسْتَقْسِمُ فِي قَتْلِكَ أَيُؤْذَنُ لِي أَمْ لَا. فَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: اسْتُكَ أَضْيَقُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ! فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْبَرَّاضُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَتَلَهُ. فَلَمَّا رَآهُ الَّذِينَ يَقُومُونَ عَلَى الْعِيرِ وَالْأَحْمَالِ قَتِيلًا انْهَزَمُوا، فَاسْتَاقَ الْبَرَّاضُ الْعِيرَ وَسَارَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، وَتَبِعَهُ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ قَيْسٍ لِيَأْخُذَاهُ، أَحَدُهُمَا غَنَوِيٌّ وَالْآخَرُ غَطْفَانِيٌّ، وَاسْمُ الْغَنَوِيِّ أَسَدُ بْنُ جُوَيْنٍ، وَاسْمُ الْغَطَفَانِيِّ مُسَاوِرُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَلَقِيَهُمَا الْبَرَّاضُ بِخَيْبَرَ أَوَّلَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: مَنِ الرَّجُلَانِ ؟ قَالَا: مِنْ قَيْسٍ قَدِمْنَا لِنَقْتُلَ الْبَرَّاضَ. فَأَنْزَلَهُمَا وَعَقَلَ رَاحِلَتَيْهِمَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّكُمَا أَجْرَأُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَجْوَدُ سَيْفًا ؟ قَالَ الْغَطَفَانِيُّ: أَنَا. فَأَخَذَهُ وَمَشَى مَعَهُ لِيَدُلَّهُ بِزَعْمِهِ عَلَى الْبَرَّاضِ، فَقَالَ لِلْغَنَوِيِّ: احْفَظْ رَاحِلَتَيْكُمَا، فَفَعَلَ، وَانْطَلَقَ الْبَرَّاضُ بِالْغَطَفَانِيِّ حَتَّى أَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى خَرِبَةٍ فِي جَانِبِ خَيْبَرَ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ، فَقَالَ لِلْغَطَفَانِيِّ: هُوَ فِي هَذِهِ الْخَرِبَةِ إِلَيْهَا يَأْوِي فَأَمْهِلْنِي حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ أَهُوَ فِيهَا. فَوَقَفَ وَدَخَلَ الْبَرَّاضُ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ: هُوَ فِيهَا وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ، فَأَرِنِي سَيْفَكَ حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ أَضَارِبٌ هُوَ أَمْ لَا، فَأَعْطَاهُ سَيْفَهُ، فَضَرَبَهُ بِهِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ أَخْفَى السَّيْفَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى الْغَنَوِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ: لَمْ أَرَ رَجُلًا أَجْبَنَ مِنْ صَاحِبِكَ، تَرَكْتُهُ فِي الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْبَرَّاضُ وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ فَلَمْ يُقْدِمْ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: انْظُرْ لِي مَنْ يَحْفَظُ الرَّاحِلَتَيْنِ حَتَّى أَمْضِيَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَقْتُلَهُ، فَقَالَ: دَعْهُمَا وَهُمَا عَلَيَّ، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَا إِلَى الْخَرِبَةِ، فَقَتَلَهُ وَسَارَ بِالْعِيرِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَلَقِيَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْبَرَّاضُ: هَلْ لَكَ إِلَى أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لَكَ جَعْلًا عَلَى أَنْ تَنْطَلِقَ إِلَى حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَقَوْمِي فَإِنَّهُمْ قَوْمِي وَقَوْمُكَ، لِأَنَّ أَسَدَ بْنَ خُزَيْمَةَ مِنْ خِنْدِفٍ أَيْضًا، فَتُخْبِرَهُمْ أَنَّ الْبَرَّاضَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ قَتَلَ عُرْوَةَ الرَّحَّالَ، فَلْيَحْذَرُوا قَيْسًا ! وَجَعَلَ لَهُ عَشْرًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ. فَخَرَجَ الْأَسَدِيُّ حَتَّى أَتَى عُكَاظَ وَبِهَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَأَتَى حَرْبَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ وَإِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْمَخْزُومِيِّ، وَهُوَ وَالِدُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَهُمَا مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قُرَيْشٍ وَذَوِي السِّنِّ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِلَى كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحْضَرَ مِنْهَا رَجُلًا، وَإِلَى الْحُلَيْسِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْحَارِثِيِّ، وَهُوَ سَيِّدُ الْأَحَابِيشِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَيْضًا. فَتَشَاوَرُوا وَقَالُوا: نَخْشَى مِنْ قَيْسٍ أَنْ يَطْلُبُوا ثَأْرَ صَاحِبِهِمْ مِنَّا فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوا بِهِ خَلِيعًا مِنْ بَنِي ضِمْرَةَ. فَاتَّفَقَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا أَبَا بَرَاءٍ عَامِرَ بْنَ مَالِكِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ كِلَابٍ مُلَاعِبَ الْأَسِنَّةِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ قَيْسٍ وَشَرِيفُهَا، فَيَقُولُوا لَهُ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ حَدَثٌ بَيْنَ نَجْدٍ وَتِهَامَةَ وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِنَا عِلْمُهُ فَأَجُزُّ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ وَتُعْلِمَ. فَأَتَوْهُ وَقَالُوا لَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَازَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَأَعْلَمَ قَوْمَهُ مَا قِيلَ لَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالُوا: يَا أَهْلَ عُكَاظَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَدَثَ فِي قَوْمِنَا بِمَكَّةَ حَدَثٌ أَتَانَا خَبَرُهُ، وَنَخْشَى إِنْ تَخَلَّفْنَا عَنْهُمْ أَنْ يَتَفَاقَمَ الشَّرُّ، فَلَا يُرَوِّعَنَّكُمْ تَحَمُّلُنَا. ثُمَّ رَكِبُوا عَلَى الصَّعْبِ وَالذَّلُولِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ آخِرَ الْيَوْمِ أَتَى عَامِرَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ مُلَاعِبَ الْأَسِنَّةِ الْخَبَرُ فَقَالَ: غَدَرَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَخَدَعَنِي حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَاللَّهِ لَا تَنْزِلُ كِنَانَةُ عُكَاظَ أَبَدًا. ثُمَّ رَكِبُوا فِي طَلَبِهِمْ حَتَّى أَدْرَكُوهُمْ بِنَخْلَةَ فَاقْتَتَلَ الْقَوْمُ، فَاشْتَعَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ فَكَادَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَنْهَزِمُ إِلَّا أَنَّهَا عَلَى حَامِيَتِهَا تُبَادِرُ دُخُولَ الْحَرَمِ لِيَأْمَنُوا بِهِ. فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى دَخَلُوا الْحَرَمَ مَعَ اللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَهُمْ، وَعُمْرُهُ عِشْرُونَ سَنَةً. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ، وَلَوْ كَانَ مَعَهُمْ لَمْ يَنْهَزِمُوا، وَهَذِهِ الْعِلَّةُ لَيْسَتْ بِشَيْءٍ، لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ بَعْدَ الْوَحْيِ وَالرِّسَالَةِ يَنْهَزِمُ أَصْحَابُهُ وَيُقْتَلُونَ، وَإِذَا كَانَ فِي جَمْعٍ قَبْلَ الرِّسَالَةِ وَانْهَزَمُوا فَغَيْرُ بَعِيدٍ. وَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ قُرَيْشٌ الْحَرَمَ عَادَتْ عَنْهُمْ قَيْسٌ وَقَالُوا لَهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ إِنَّا لَا نَتْرُكُ دَمَ عُرْوَةَ وَمِيعَادُنَا عُكَاظُ فِي الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ، وَانْصَرَفَتْ إِلَى بِلَادِهَا يُحَرِّضُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا وَيَبْكُونَ عُرْوَةَ الرَّحَّالَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ قَيْسًا جَمَعَتْ جُمُوعَهَا، وَمَعَهَا ثَقِيفٌ وَغَيْرُهَا، وَجَمَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ جُمُوعَهَا، مِنْهُمْ كِنَانَةُ جَمِيعُهَا وَالْأَحَابِيشُ وَأَسَدُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَفَرَّقَتْ قُرَيْشٌ السِّلَاحَ فِي النَّاسِ، فَأَعْطَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ مِائَةَ رَجُلٍ سِلَاحًا تَامًّا، وَفَعَلَ الْبَاقُونَ مِثْلَهُ. وَخَرَجَتْ قُرَيْشٌ لِلْمَوْعِدِ، عَلَى كُلِّ بَطْنٍ مِنْهَا رَئِيسٌ، فَكَانَ عَلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ: الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَمَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِخْوَتُهُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْعَبَّاسُ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. وَعَلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَأَحْلَافِهَا: حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ. وَعَلَى بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ: عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الدَّارِ. وَعَلَى بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى: خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ: هِشَامُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ أَبُو أَبِي جَهْلٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي تَيْمٍ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ. وَعَلَى بَنِي جُمَحَ: مَعْمَرُ بْنُ حَبِيبِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي سَهْمٍ: الْعَاصُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي عَدِيٍّ: زَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ وَالِدُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ: عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ وَالِدُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو. وَعَلَى بَنِي فِهْرٍ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ وَالِدُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ. وَعَلَى الْأَحَابِيشِ: الْحُلَيْسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُوَيْفٍ هُمَا قَائِدَاهُمْ، وَالْأَحَابِيشُ بَنُو الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَاةَ: كِنَانَةُ وَعَضَلُ وَالْقَارَةُ وَالدِّيشُ مِنْ بَنِي الْهُونِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ وَالْمُصْطَلِقِ بْنِ خُزَاعَةَ، وَسُمُّوا بِذَلِكَ لِحَلِفِهِمْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ، وَالتَّحَبُّشُ التَّجَمُّعُ. وَعَلَى بَنِي بَكْرٍ: بَلْعَاءُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي فِرَاسِ بْنِ غَنْمٍ مِنْ كِنَانَةَ: عُمَيْرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ جِذْلُ الطِّعَانِ. وَعَلَى بَنِي أَسَدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ: بِشْرُ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ. وَكَانَ عَلَى جَمَاعَةِ النَّاسِ حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ لِمَكَانِهِ مِنْ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ سِنًّا وَمَنْزِلَةً. وَكَانَتْ قَيْسٌ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ إِلَى عُكَاظَ قَبْلَ قُرَيْشٍ، فَعَلَى بَنِي عَامِرٍ مُلَاعِبُ الْأَسِنَّةِ: أَبُو بَرَاءٍ. وَعَلَى بَنِي نَصْرٍ سَعْدٍ وَثَقِيفٍ: سُبَيْعُ بْنُ رَبِيعِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَعَلَى بَنِي جُشَمَ: الصِّمَّةُ وَالِدُ دُرَيْدٍ. وَعَلَى غَطَفَانَ: عَوْفُ بْنُ أَبِي حَارِثَةَ الْمُرِّيُّ. وَعَلَى بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ: عَبَّاسُ بْنُ زَعْلِ بْنِ هَنِيِّ بْنِ أَنَسٍ. وَعَلَى فَهْمٍ وَعَدْوَانَ: كِدَامُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو. وَسَارَتْ قُرَيْشٌ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ عُكَاظَ وَبِهَا قَيْسٌ. وَكَانَ مَعَ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ إِخْوَتُهُ: سُفْيَانُ وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ وَالْعَاصُ وَأَبُو الْعَاصِ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ، فَعَقَلَ حَرْبٌ نَفْسَهُ وَقَيَّدَ سُفْيَانُ وَأَبُو الْعَاصِ نَفْسَيْهِمَا وَقَالُوا: لَنْ يَبْرَحَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا مَكَانَهُ حَتَّى نَمُوتَ أَوْ نَظْفَرَ، فَيَوْمَئِذٍ سُمُّوا الْعَنَابِسَ، وَالْعَنْبَسُ الْأَسَدُ. وَاقْتَتَلَ النَّاسُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَكَانَ الظَّفَرُ أَوَّلَ النَّهَارِ لِقَيْسٍ، وَانْهَزَمَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ وَقُرَيْشٍ. فَانْهَزَمَ بَنُو زُهْرَةَ وَبَنُو عَدِيٍّ، وَقُتِلَ مَعْمَرُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ، وَانْهَزَمَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي فِرَاسٍ، وَثَبَتَ حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ وَبَنُو عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ وَسَائِرُ قَبَائِلِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَلَمْ يَزَلِ الظَّفَرُ لِقَيْسٍ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَكِنَانَةَ إِلَى أَنِ انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ. ثُمَّ عَادَ الظَّفَرُ لِقُرَيْشٍ وَكِنَانَةَ فَقَتَلُوا مِنْ قَيْسٍ فَأَكْثَرُوا، وَحَمِيَ الْقِتَالُ وَاشْتَدَّ الْأَمْرُ، فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ تَحْتَ رَايَةِ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ مِائَةُ رَجُلٍ وَهُمْ صَابِرُونَ، فَانْهَزَمَتْ قَيْسٌ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِهِمْ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ زَعْلٍ السُّلَمِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبُو السَّيِّدِ عَمُّ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ النَّصْرِيُّ مَا تَصْنَعُ كِنَانَةُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ نَادَى: يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ أَسْرَفْتُمْ فِي الْقَتْلِ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ جُدْعَانَ: إِنَّا مَعْشَرٌ يُسْرِفُ. وَلَمَّا رَأَى سُبَيْعُ بْنُ رَبِيعِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ هَزِيمَةَ قَبَائِلِ قَيْسٍ عَقَلَ نَفْسَهُ وَاضْطَجَعَ وَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي نَصْرٍ قَاتِلُوا عَنِّي أَوْ ذَرُوا. فَعَطَفَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَنُو نَصْرٍ، وَجُشَمَ، وَسَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ، وَفَهْمٍ، وَعَدْوَانَ، وَانْهَزَمَ بَاقِي قَبَائِلِ قَيْسٍ، فَقَاتَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ رَآهُ النَّاسُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ تَدَاعَوْا إِلَى الصُّلْحِ فَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَعُدُّوا الْقَتْلَى فَأَيُّ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ فَضَلَ لَهُ قَتْلَى أَخَذَ دِيَتَهُ مِنَ الْفَرِيقِ الْآخَرِ، فَتَعَادُّوا الْقَتْلَى فَوَجَدُوا قُرَيْشًا وَبَنِي كِنَانَةَ قَدْ أَفْضَلُوا عَلَى قَيْسٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا، فَرَهَنَ حَرْبُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنَهُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ فِي دِيَاتِ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا، وَرَهَنَ غَيْرُهُ مِنَ الرُّؤَسَاءِ، وَانْصَرَفَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ، وَوَضَعُوا الْحَرْبَ وَهَدَمُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ وَالشَّرِّ، وَتَعَاهَدُوا عَلَى أَنْ لَا يُؤْذِيَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فِيمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْبَرَّاضِ وَعُرْوَةَ.
Translation
✧ Account of the Ḥarb al-Fijār — the First and Second Fijār As for the first Fijār, there was not much in it worth mentioning. We have mentioned it only so that the mention of the second Fijār and the great events in it should not be thought to be like the first and that we had omitted it. For this reason we have mentioned it. Ibn Isḥāq said: The first Fijār was between Quraysh and all of Kinānah who were with them, and Qays ʿAylān. Its cause was that a man of Kinānah owed a debt to a man of Banū Naṣr b. Muʿāwiyah b. Bakr b. Hawāzin. The Kinānī became insolvent, so the Naṣrī came to the market of ʿUkāẓ with a monkey and said: "Who will sell me the like of this for what is owed to me by so-and-so the Kinānī?" He did that to shame the Kinānī and his people. A man of Kinānah passed by him and struck the monkey with a sword and killed it, out of indignation at what the Naṣrī had said. The Naṣrī cried out among Qays, and the Kinānī cried out among Kinānah. The people gathered and argued until fighting nearly broke out between them; then they made peace. It is said: Its cause was that some youths of Quraysh sat with a woman of Banū ʿĀmir who was beautiful and wore a face-veil. They said to her: "Uncover so we may look at your face," but she refused. One of the youths stood up and pinned the hem of her shift to her back without her noticing. When she stood, her back was exposed. They laughed and said: "You denied us looking at your face, but we have seen your back." The woman cried out: "O Banū ʿĀmir, I have been disgraced!" People came to her and quarreled until fighting nearly broke out; then they considered the matter trivial and made peace. It is also said: Rather a man of Banū Ghifār called Abū Maʿshar b. Mikriz — a resolute and mighty man in his own estimation — sat in the market of ʿUkāẓ. He stretched out his leg and said: "We are Banū Mudrikah b. Khindif — whoever they thrust in his eye, he does not blink. And whoever they are his people, he is ennobled, as if he were the deep of a dark sea. I, by God, am the mightiest of the Arabs. Whoever claims he is mightier than me, let him strike it with the sword." A man of Qays called Aḥmar b. Māzin stood up and struck it with his sword, giving it a slight slash. The people disputed, then made peace. — Banū Naṣr is with a nūn —. As for the second Fijār, it occurred twenty years after the Elephant and twelve years after the death of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. There was no day among the battle-days of the Arabs more famous or greater than it. It was called al-Fijār because the two tribes, Kinānah and Qays, deemed permissible in it what was forbidden. Before it there was the Day of Jabalah, which is mentioned among the battle-days of the Arabs, but al-Fijār was greater than it. Its cause was that al-Barrāḍ b. Qays b. Rāfiʿ al-Kinānī, then al-Ḍamrī, was a reckless, outlawed man whom his people had cast out because of his frequent evil. He was proverbial for his audacity, so it was said: "More audacious than al-Barrāḍ." One of them said: "The true youth is he whom the nights have known, for he is in them like the writhing viper. Every day the vicissitudes of the nights bring him a sudden attack like the sudden attack of al-Barrāḍ." He set out until he came to al-Nuʿmān b. al-Mundhir. Al-Nuʿmān used to send every year a caravan of merchandise to ʿUkāẓ to be sold for him there. ʿUkāẓ, Dhū al-Majāz, and Majannah were markets where the Arabs gathered every year when the pilgrimage season came. They granted one another safety until their days ended. Majannah was at al-Ẓahrān, ʿUkāẓ was between Nakhlah and al-Ṭāʾif, and Dhū al-Majāz was on the left side when you stood at the standing place. Al-Nuʿmān said, while al-Barrāḍ and ʿUrwah b. ʿUtbah b. Jaʿfar b. Kilāb, known as al-Raḥḥāl — he was called that because of his frequent journeys to the kings — were with him: "Who will convey for me this caravan of mine until he delivers it to ʿUkāẓ?" Al-Barrāḍ said: "I will convey it, may you avoid perdition, on behalf of Kinānah." Al-Nuʿmān said: "I only want one who will convey it on behalf of Kinānah and Qays." ʿUrwah said: "Would an outlawed dog convey it for you, may you avoid perdition! I will convey it on behalf of the people of wormwood and southernwood among the people of Tihāmah and the people of Najd." Al-Barrāḍ said angrily: "And on behalf of Kinānah will you convey it, O ʿUrwah?" ʿUrwah said: "And on behalf of all the people." So al-Nuʿmān handed the caravan to ʿUrwah al-Raḥḥāl and ordered him to set out with it. Al-Barrāḍ went out following his track, while ʿUrwah saw his position and did not fear him, until ʿUrwah was in the midst of his people in a valley called Tayman on the outskirts of Fadak. Al-Barrāḍ b. Qays caught up with him and brought out his divining arrows to seek an omen about killing ʿUrwah. ʿUrwah passed by him and said: "What are you doing, O Barrāḍ?" He said: "I am seeking an omen about killing you, whether I am permitted or not." ʿUrwah said: "Your anus is too narrow for that!" Al-Barrāḍ leaped at him with the sword and killed him. When those tending the caravan and the loads saw him dead, they fled. Al-Barrāḍ drove off the caravan and went on his way to Khaybar. Two men of Qays followed him to seize him, one a Ghanawī and the other a Ghaṭafānī. The name of the Ghanawī was Asad b. Juwayn, and the name of the Ghaṭafānī was Musāwir b. Mālik. Al-Barrāḍ met them at Khaybar before anyone else and said to them: "Who are the two men?" They said: "From Qays. We have come to kill al-Barrāḍ." He lodged them and hobbled their mounts, then said: "Which of you is bolder against him and better with the sword?" The Ghaṭafānī said: "I am." He took him and walked with him, claiming to show him where al-Barrāḍ was. He said to the Ghanawī: "Guard your two mounts," and he did. Al-Barrāḍ went off with the Ghaṭafānī until he brought him out to a ruin on the outskirts of Khaybar outside the houses. He said to the Ghaṭafānī: "He is in this ruin; he takes shelter in it. Give me time until I see whether he is in it." He stopped, and al-Barrāḍ entered, then came out and said: "He is in it and sleeping. Show me your sword so I may see whether it is a striking one or not." He gave him his sword, and he struck him with it until he killed him. Then he hid the sword and returned to the Ghanawī and said to him: "I have never seen a man more cowardly than your companion. I left him in the house where al-Barrāḍ was sleeping, and he did not advance against him." He said: "Find me someone to guard the two mounts so I can go to him and kill him." He said: "Leave them; they are my responsibility." Then they went to the ruin, and he killed him. He traveled with the caravan to Makkah. He met a man of Banū Asad b. Khuzaymah and said to him: "Would you like me to give you a reward for going to Ḥarb b. Umayyah and my people? For they are my people and your people, since Asad b. Khuzaymah is also of Khindif. Tell them that al-Barrāḍ b. Qays has killed ʿUrwah al-Raḥḥāl, so let them beware of Qays." He gave him ten camels as a reward. The Asadī set out until he came to ʿUkāẓ, where a group of people were. He went to Ḥarb b. Umayyah and told him the news. Ḥarb sent for ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān al-Taymī and Hishām b. al-Mughīrah al-Makhzūmī — the father of Abū Jahl — both of whom were among the nobles of Quraysh and their elders, and for every clan of Quraysh he brought one man, and for al-Ḥulays b. Yazīd al-Ḥārithī, the leader of the Aḥābīsh, and he also told them. They consulted and said: "We fear that Qays will seek the blood of their companion from us, for they will not be satisfied to kill for him an outcast of Banū Ḍamrah." Their opinion agreed that they should go to Abū Barāʾ ʿĀmir b. Mālik b. Jaʿfar b. Kilāb, Mulaʿib al-Asinnah, who was then the lord and noble of Qays, and say to him: "An event has occurred between Najd and Tihāmah, and no news of it has reached us. So grant protection among the people until you know and inform." They went to him and said that to him. He granted protection among the people and informed his people of what was said to him. Then a group of Quraysh stood and said: "O people of ʿUkāẓ, an event has occurred among our people in Makkah, and news of it has come to us. We fear that if we stay behind from them, the evil will worsen. Let our departure not alarm you." Then they mounted the difficult and the easy mounts and rode to Makkah. At the end of the day the news reached ʿĀmir b. Mālik, Mulaʿib al-Asinnah, and he said: "Quraysh has acted treacherously, and Ḥarb b. Umayyah has deceived me. By God, Kinānah shall never alight at ʿUkāẓ again." Then they rode in pursuit of them until they caught up with them at Nakhlah. The people fought, and Quraysh was set ablaze, so Quraysh almost fled, except that they were on their rearguard hurrying to enter the sanctuary to be safe in it. They continued like that until they entered the sanctuary at nightfall. The Messenger of God ﷺ was with them, and his age was twenty years. Al-Zuhrī said: He was not with them, and had he been with them they would not have fled. But this argument is nothing, because even after revelation and prophethood his companions fled and were killed. If he was in a gathering before prophethood and they fled, that is not far-fetched. When Quraysh entered the sanctuary, Qays turned back from them and said to them: "O Quraysh, we will not abandon the blood of ʿUrwah. Our appointed meeting is ʿUkāẓ next year." They returned to their lands, inciting one another and weeping for ʿUrwah al-Raḥḥāl. Then Qays gathered its forces, with Thaqīf and others among them, and Quraysh gathered its forces, including all of Kinānah, the Aḥābīsh, and Asad b. Khuzaymah. Quraysh distributed weapons among the people. ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān equipped one hundred men with full weapons, and the rest did the same. Quraysh went out to the appointed meeting, with a chief over every clan. Over Banū Hāshim was al-Zubayr b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and with him were the Messenger of God ﷺ and his brothers Abū Ṭālib, Ḥamzah, and al-ʿAbbās, sons of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. Over Banū Umayyah and its allies was Ḥarb b. Umayyah. Over Banū ʿAbd al-Dār was ʿIkrimah b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿAbd al-Dār. Over Banū Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā was Khuwaylid b. Asad. Over Banū Makhzūm was Hishām b. al-Mughīrah, the father of Abū Jahl. Over Banū Taym was ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān. Over Banū Jumaḥ was Maʿmar b. Ḥabīb b. Wahb. Over Banū Sahm was al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil. Over Banū ʿAdī was Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl, the father of Saʿīd b. Zayd. Over Banū ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy was ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Shams, the father of Suhayl b. ʿAmr. Over Banū Fihr was ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jarrāḥ, the father of Abū ʿUbaydah. Over the Aḥābīsh were al-Ḥulays b. Yazīd and Sufyān b. ʿUwayf, their two commanders. The Aḥābīsh were Banū al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Manāt: Kinānah, ʿAḍal, al-Qārah, and al-Dīsh of Banū al-Hūn b. Khuzaymah and al-Muṣṭaliq b. Khuzāʿah. They were called that because of their alliance with Banū al-Ḥārith; taḥabbush means gathering. Over Banū Bakr was Balʿāʾ b. Qays. Over Banū Firās b. Ghanm of Kinānah was ʿUmayr b. Qays, Jidhl al-Ṭiʿān. Over Banū Asad b. Khuzaymah was Bishr b. Abī Ḥāzim. Over the whole of the people was Ḥarb b. Umayyah because of his standing among ʿAbd Manāf in age and rank. Qays had advanced to ʿUkāẓ before Quraysh. Over Banū ʿĀmir was Mulaʿib al-Asinnah: Abū Barāʾ. Over Banū Naṣr, Saʿd, and Thaqīf was Subayʿ b. Rabīʿ b. Muʿāwiyah. Over Banū Jusham was al-Ṣimmah, the father of Durayd. Over Ghaṭafān was ʿAwf b. Abī Ḥārithah al-Murrī. Over Banū Sulaym was ʿAbbās b. Zaʿl b. Hanī b. Anas. Over Fahm and ʿAdwān was Kidām b. ʿAmr. Quraysh marched until they camped at ʿUkāẓ, where Qays was. With Ḥarb b. Umayyah were his brothers: Sufyān, Abū Sufyān, al-ʿĀṣ, and Abū al-ʿĀṣ, sons of Umayyah. Ḥarb bound himself, and Sufyān and Abū al-ʿĀṣ fettered themselves, saying: "No man of us will leave his place until we die or prevail." On that day they were called al-ʿAnābis, and al-ʿanbas is the lion. The people fought a fierce battle. Victory at the beginning of the day was for Qays, and many of Banū Kinānah and Quraysh fled. Banū Zuhrah and Banū ʿAdī fled, and Maʿmar b. Ḥabīb al-Jumaḥī was killed. A group of Banū Firās fled. Ḥarb b. Umayyah, Banū ʿAbd Manāf, and the rest of the clans of Quraysh stood firm. Victory remained with Qays over Quraysh and Kinānah until midday. Then victory returned to Quraysh and Kinānah, and they killed many of Qays. The fighting intensified and the matter grew severe. On that day, under the banner of Banū al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd Manāt b. Kinānah, one hundred men were killed while they stood steadfast. Qays fled, and among their nobles ʿAbbās b. Zaʿl al-Sulamī and others were killed. When Abū al-Sayyid, the paternal uncle of Mālik b. ʿAwf al-Naṣrī, saw what Kinānah was doing in killing, he called out: "O Banū Kinānah, you have been excessive in killing." Ibn Judʿān said: "We are a people who are excessive." When Subayʿ b. Rabīʿ b. Muʿāwiyah saw the rout of the clans of Qays, he bound himself, lay down, and said: "O Banū Naṣr, fight for me or leave me." Banū Naṣr, Jusham, Saʿd b. Bakr, Fahm, and ʿAdwān turned back to him, while the rest of the clans of Qays fled. These fought the fiercest fighting the people had ever seen. Then they called one another to peace and made peace on the condition that they count the slain. Whichever of the two parties had a surplus of slain would take the blood-money for them from the other party. They counted the slain and found that Quraysh and Banū Kinānah had a surplus over Qays of twenty men. On that day Ḥarb b. Umayyah gave his son Abū Sufyān as a pledge for the blood-moneys of the people until he paid them, and other chiefs gave pledges as well. The people departed from one another, laid down the war, and demolished the enmity and evil between them. They covenanted that none of them would harm another regarding the matter of al-Barrāḍ and ʿUrwah.
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