Tarikh (al-Tabari) 478
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
أَمْرُ الْبَحِيرَةِ وَالسَّائِبَةِ وَالْوَصِيلَةِ وَالْحَامِي [ رَأْيُ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِيهَا ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَأَمَّا الْبَحِيرَةُ فَهِيَ بِنْتُ السَّائِبَةِ، وَالسَّائِبَةُ: النَّاقَةُ إذَا تَابَعَتْ بَيْنَ عَشْرِ إنَاثٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ، سُيِّبَتْ فَلَمْ يُرْكَبْ ظَهْرُهَا، وَلَمْ يُجَزَّ وَبَرُهَا وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ لَبَنَهَا إلَّا ضَيْفٌ؛ فَمَا نُتِجَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أُنْثَى شُقَّتْ أُذُنُهَا، ثُمَّ خُلِّيَ سَبِيلُهَا مَعَ أُمِّهَا فَلَمْ يُرْكَبْ ظَهْرُهَا، وَلَمْ يُجَزَّ وَبَرُهَا، وَلَمْ يَشْرَبْ لَبَنَهَا إلَّا ضَيْفٌ كَمَا فُعِلَ بِأُمِّهَا، فَهِيَ الْبَحِيرَةُ بِنْتُ السَّائِبَةِ. وَالْوَصِيلَةُ: الشَّاةُ إذَا أَتْأَمَتْ عَشْرَ إنَاثٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَبْطُنٍ، لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ، جُعِلَتْ وَصِيلَةً. قَالُوا: قَدْ وَصَلَتْ، فَكَانَ مَا وَلَدَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِلذُّكُورِ مِنْهُمْ دُونَ إنَاثِهِمْ، إلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فَيَشْتَرِكُوا فِي أَكْلِهِ، ذُكُورُهُمْ وَإِنَاثُهُمْ. [ رَأْيُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ فِيهَا ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيَرْوِي: فَكَانَ مَا وَلَدَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ لِذُكُورِ بَنِيهِمْ دُونَ بَنَاتِهِمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَالْحَامِي: الْفَحْلُ إذَا نُتِجَ لَهُ عَشْرُ إنَاثٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ، حُمِيَ ظَهْرُهُ فَلَمْ يُرْكَبْ، وَلَمْ يُجَزَّ وَبَرُهُ، وَخُلِّيَ فِي إبِلِهِ يَضْرِبُ فِيهَا، لَا يُنْتَفَعُ مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَهَذَا ( كُلُّهُ ) عِنْدَ الْعَرَبِ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا إلَّا الْحَامِي، فَإِنَّهُ عِنْدَهُمْ عَلَى مَا قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ. فَالْبَحِيرَةُ عِنْدَهُمْ: النَّاقَةُ تُشَقُّ أُذُنُهَا فَلَا يُرْكَبُ ظَهْرُهَا، وَلَا يُجَزَّ وَبَرُهَا، وَلَا يَشْرَبُ لَبَنَهَا إلَّا ضَيْفٌ. أَوْ يُتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ، وَتُهْمَلُ لِآلِهَتِهِمْ. وَالسَّائِبَةُ: الَّتِي يَنْذِرُ الرَّجُلُ أَنْ يُسَيِّبَهَا إنْ بَرِئَ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ، أَوْ إنْ أَصَابَ أَمْرًا يَطْلُبُهُ. فَإِذَا كَانَ أَسَابَ نَاقَةً مِنْ إبِلِهِ أَوْ جَمَلًا لِبَعْضِ آلِهَتهمْ، فَسَابَتْ فَرَعَتْ لَا يُنْتَفَعُ بِهَا. وَالْوَصِيلَةُ: الَّتِي تَلِدُ أُمُّهَا اثْنَيْنِ فِي كُلِّ بَطْنٍ، فَيَجْعَلُ صَاحِبُهَا لِآلِهَتِهِ الْإِنَاثَ ( مِنْهَا ) وَلِنَفْسِهِ الذُّكُورُ مِنْهَا، فَتَلِدُهَا أُمُّهَا وَمَعَهَا ذَكَرٌ فِي بَطْنٍ، فَيَقُولُونَ: وَصَلَتْ أَخَاهَا. فَيُسَيَّبُ أَخُوهَا مَعَهَا فَلَا يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ النَّحْوِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ، رَوَى بَعْضٌ مَا لَمْ يَرْوِ بَعْضٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى رَسُولَهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ أَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: مَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَحِيرَةٍ وَلَا سَائِبَةٍ وَلَا وَصِيلَةٍ وَلَا حَامٍ وَلَكِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَقَالُوا مَا فِي بُطُونِ هَذِهِ الْأَنْعَامِ خَالِصَةٌ لِذُكُورِنَا وَمُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى أَزْوَاجِنَا وَإِنْ يَكُنْ مَيْتَةً فَهُمْ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ سَيَجْزِيهِمْ وَصْفَهُمْ إِنَّهُ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ. وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ مِنْ رِزْقٍ فَجَعَلْتُمْ مِنْهُ حَرَامًا وَحَلَالًا قُلْ آللَّهُ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ أَمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَفْتَرُونَ وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ: مِنَ الضَّأْنِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْمَعْزِ اثْنَيْنِ قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ أَمَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْحَامُ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ نَبِّئُونِي بِعِلْمٍ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ وَمِنَ الْإِبِلِ اثْنَيْنِ وَمِنَ الْبَقَرِ اثْنَيْنِ قُلْ آلذَّكَرَيْنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ أَمَّا اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْحَامُ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ أَمْ كُنْتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ وَصَّاكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهَذَا فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَى عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا لِيُضِلَّ النَّاسَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ. [ الْبَحِيرَةُ وَالسَّائِبَةُ وَالْوَصِيلَةُ وَالْحَامِي لُغَةً ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: : حَوْلُ الْوَصَائِلِ فِي شُرَيْفٍ حِقَّةٌ وَالْحَامِيَاتُ ظُهُورَهَا وَالسُّيَّبُ وَقَالَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ أُبَيِّ ( بْنِ ) مُقْبِلٍ أَحَدِ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ: فِيهِ مِنْ الْأَخْرَجِ الْمِرْبَاعِ قَرْقَرَةٌ هَدْرَ الدِّيَافِي وَسْطَ الْهَجْمَةِ الْبُحُرِ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَجَمْعُ بَحِيرَةٍ: بَحَائِرُ وَبُحُرٌ. وَجَمْعُ وَصِيلَةٍ: وَصَائِلُ وَوُصَلٌ. وَجَمْعُ سَائِبَةٍ ( الْأَكْثَرُ ): سَوَائِبُ وَسُيَّبُ. وَجَمْعُ حَامٍ ( الْأَكْثَرُ ): حُوَّمٌ.
Translation
✧ The matter of the Baḥīrah, the Sāʾibah, the Waṣīlah, and the Ḥāmī [Ibn Isḥāq's opinion on them] Ibn Isḥāq said: As for the Baḥīrah, she is the daughter of the Sāʾibah; and the Sāʾibah is the she-camel that gives birth to ten consecutive females, with no male among them, and is then let loose, so her back is not ridden, her wool is not sheared, and her milk is not drunk except by a guest. Whatever female she produces after that has her ear slit, then she is left free with her mother; her back is not ridden, her wool is not sheared, and her milk is not drunk except by a guest, just as was done with her mother. She is the Baḥīrah, daughter of the Sāʾibah. And the Waṣīlah is the ewe that gives birth to ten consecutive females in five births, with no male among them; she is made a Waṣīlah. They said: "She has joined (waṣalat)." Whatever she bore after that belonged to their males rather than their females, unless something of it died, in which case they shared in eating it, both their males and their females. [Ibn Hishām's opinion on them] Ibn Hishām said: It is also narrated: "Whatever she bore after that belonged to the males of their sons rather than their daughters." Ibn Isḥāq said: And the Ḥāmī is the stallion camel that sires ten consecutive females, with no male among them; his back is protected, so he is not ridden, his wool is not sheared, and he is left among his camels to mount them, no other benefit being taken from him. Ibn Hishām said: All of this is regarded by the Arabs differently, except the Ḥāmī, which among them is as Ibn Isḥāq said. For according to them, the Baḥīrah is the she-camel whose ear is slit, so her back is not ridden, her wool is not sheared, and her milk is not drunk except by a guest, or it is given as charity, and she is left free for their gods. And the Sāʾibah is what a man vows to let loose if he recovers from his illness, or if he obtains a matter he seeks. When he attains it, he lets loose a she-camel from his camels or a male camel to some of their gods, so it is set free and grazes, no benefit being taken from it. And the Waṣīlah is the one whose mother gives birth to two in each pregnancy, and its owner assigns to his gods the females from it and to himself the males from it. When its mother gives birth to it along with a male in the same pregnancy, they say: "She has joined her brother (waṣalat akhāhā)." So its brother is let loose with it, and no benefit is taken from him. Ibn Hishām said: Yūnus b. Ḥabīb the grammarian and others narrated this to me, some relating what others did not. Ibn Isḥāq said: When Allah, Blessed and Exalted, sent His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ, He revealed to him: Allah has not appointed any Baḥīrah, nor Sāʾibah, nor Waṣīlah, nor Ḥām, but those who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of them do not reason. And Allah, Exalted, revealed: And they say, "What is in the bellies of these cattle is exclusively for our males and forbidden to our wives; but if it is born dead, then they are partners in it." He will recompense them for their attribution. Indeed, He is Wise, All-Knowing. And He revealed to him: Say, "Have you seen what Allah has sent down for you of provision, and you have made of it unlawful and lawful?" Say, "Has Allah permitted you, or do you invent lies against Allah?" And He revealed to him: Of the sheep, two, and of the goats, two. Say, "Has He forbidden the two males or the two females, or that which the wombs of the two females contain? Inform me with knowledge, if you are truthful." And of the camels, two, and of the cattle, two. Say, "Has He forbidden the two males or the two females, or that which the wombs of the two females contain? Or were you witnesses when Allah charged you with this? Then who is more unjust than one who invents a lie against Allah to mislead people without knowledge? Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people." [The Baḥīrah, the Sāʾibah, the Waṣīlah, and the Ḥāmī linguistically] Ibn Hishām said: The poet said: : Around the waṣāʾil in Shurayf are three-year-old camels, and the ḥāmiyāt their backs, and the suyyab. And Tamīm b. Ubayy b. Muqbil, one of the Banū ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, said: In it, from the akhraj al-mirbāʿ, is a gurgling like the roaring of the diyāfī amid the great herd of camels. This verse is in a qaṣīdah of his. The plural of Baḥīrah is Baḥāʾir and Buḥur. The plural of Waṣīlah is Waṣāʾil and Wuṣal. The plural of Sāʾibah, more commonly, is Sawāʾib and Suyyab. The plural of Ḥāmī, more commonly, is Ḥūwwam.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.