Tarikh (al-Tabari) 489
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْعَرَبِ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْعَرَبِ وَمَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِهِ ﷺ مَا قَصَّهُ الْقُرْآنُ إِجْمَالًا وَذَكَرَهُ أَهْلُ التَّفْسِيرِ وَالتَّارِيخِ وَالسِّيَرِ عَلَى التَّفْصِيلِ وَمِنْهَا قِصَّةُ سَدِّ مَأْرِبٍ وَمَا وَقَعَ فِيهِ، وَكَيْفَ انْتَقَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَامِرٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ بَعْدَمَا رَأَى جُرَذًا يَحْفِرُ فِي السَّدِّ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَا بَقَاءَ لِلسَّدِّ فَكَادَ لِقَوْمِهِ حَتَّى بَاعَ مَالَهُ وَخَرَجَ بِكُلِّ أَهْلِهِ وَتَبِعَهُ الْأَزْدُ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى عَكٍّ فَحَارَبَتْهُمْ وَكَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ سِجَالٌ ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ فَسَكَنَ بَعْضُهُمُ الشَّامَ وَنَزَلَتْ أَزْدٌ السَّرَاةَ وَأَزْدُ عُمَانَ عُمَانَ وَنَزَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ مُرًّا وَسَكَنَتِ الْأَوْسُ وَالْخَزْرَجُ يَثْرِبَ، ثُمَّ هُدِمَ سَدُّ مَأْرَبٍ كَمَا تَوَقَّعَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَامِرٍ. وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ تُبَّانَ أَسْعَدَ أَبُو كَرِبَ مِنْ قَتْلِ وَلَدِهِ غِيلَةً فِي الْمَدِينَةِ وَخُرُوجِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيَسْتَأْصِلَهُمْ وَيَنْتَقِمَ مِنْهُمْ وَكَيْفَ أَنَّهُمْ حَارَبُوهُ، ثُمَّ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْحَبْرَيْنِ الْيَهُودِيَّيْنِ الَّلذَيْنِ أَخْبَرَا بِأَنَّ الْمَدِينَةَ مَمْنُوعَةٌ مِنْهُ مَهْمَا أَرَادَهَا وَأَهْلَهَا بِسُوءٍ حَيْثُ إِنَّمَا مَهْجَرُ نَبِيٍّ آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ، وَإِخْبَارِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ بِفَضْلِ الْكَعْبَةِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَكِسَوْتِهِ الْكَعْبَةَ وَإِعْظَامِهِ لَهَا وَخُرُوجِهِ بِالْحَبْرَيْنِ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَدُخُولِهِ فِي دِينِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ فَكَانَ هَذَا أَصْلُ الْيَهُودِ وَالْيَهُودِيَّةِ بِالْيَمَنِ. وَكَيْفَ كَانَ قَتْلُ عَمْرِو بْنِ تُبَّانَ أَسْعَدَ أَخَاهُ حَسَّانَ ثُمَّ مَوْتُهُ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ انْقَضَى مُلْكُ آلِ تُبَّانَ حَتَّى أَعَادَهُ زُرْعَةُ ذُو نُوَاسِ بْنُ تُبَّانَ أَسْعَدَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِهِ لَخِيعَةَ الْفَاسِقَ الَّذِي تَمَلَّكَ وَقَتَلَ أَبْنَاءَ الْمُلُوكِ وَأَذَلَّهُمْ. وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْيَمَنِ مِمَّا وَقَعَ لِرَبِيعَةَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ مِنَ الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي رَآهَا وَسُؤَالِهِ سَطِيحًا عَنْهَا وَإِخْبَارِهِ أَنَّ الْحَبَشَ سَيَهْبِطُونَ أَرْضَهُ وَإِخْبَارِهِ بِتَمَلُّكِ إِرَمَ ذِي يَزَنْ وَإِخْرَاجِ الْحَبَشِ مِنْهَا ثُمَّ انْتِهَاءِ مُلْكِ ذِي يَزَنْ بِنَبِيٍّ ذَكِيٍّ يَأْتِيهِ الْوَحْيُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْعَلِيِّ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي أَخْبَارِ الْعَرَبِ كَيْفَ تَمَلَّكَ الْحَبَشَةُ أَرْضَ الْيَمَنِ بَعْدَ هَزِيمَةِ ذِي نُوَاسٍ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ اسْتِنْصَارِ دَوْسٍ ذِي ثُعْلَبَانِ بِمَلِكِ الرُّومِ وَكِتَابَةُ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ بِالْحَبَشَةِ لِتَخْلِيصِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ ذِي نُوَاسٍ، ثُمَّ مَقْتَلُ أَرْيَاطَ بَعْدَمَا مَلَكَ الْيَمَنَ سِنِينَ وَتَغَلَّبَ أَبَرْهَةُ عَلَيْهَا وَبَنَى بِهَا كَنِيسَةَ الْقُلَّيْسِ وَالَّتِي دَعَا إِلَيْهَا الْعَرَبَ لِيَحُجُّوا إِلَيْهَا، فَأَحْدَثَ فِيهَا أَحَدُ النَّسَأَةِ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ أَبْرَهَةُ عَزَمَ عَلَى قَصْدِ الْبَيْتِ الْحَرَامِ وَهَدْمِهِ فَدَافَعَهُ ذُو نَفَرٍ فِي بَعْضِ الْعَرَبِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَهُزِمَ وَكَذَا نُفَيْلُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْخَثْعَمِيُّ، ثُمَّ أَتَى الطَّائِفَ فَسَارَ مَعَهُ أَبُو رِغَالٍ لِيَدُلَّهُ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَبُو رِغَالٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ. وَأَرْسَلَ أَبَرْهَةُ أَحَدَ جُنُودِهِ فَهَجَمَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَسَاقَ مِنْهَا مِائَتَيْ بَعِيرٍ لِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَجَاءَهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَحَادَثَهُ بِرَدِّ الْإِبِلِ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ رَبُّهَا وَلِلْبَيْتِ رَبٌّ يَحْمِيهِ، فَكَانَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّةِ أَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ وَهَلَاكِ جُنْدِهِمْ وَهَلَاكِ أَبَرْهَةَ، وَزَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَذِهِ الْحَادِثَةِ قُرَيْشًا عِزًّا فِي الْعَرَبِ وَبَيْتَهُ مَهَابَةً وَإِعْظَامًا. وَمَلَكَ بَعْدَ أَبَرْهَةَ ابْنُهُ يَكْسُومُ ثُمَّ ابْنُهُ مَسْرُوقٌ ثُمَّ مَلَكَهَا بَعْدَهُمْ سَيْفُ بْنُ ذِي يَزَنْ. وَقَدْ كَانَ لِلْعَرَبِ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَيَّامٌ قَاتَلَ فِيهَا بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَطَالَتْ بَعْضُ مَعَارِكِهِمْ فَبَلَغَتْ سِنِينًا وَمِنْهَا يَوْمُ الْبَرَدَانِ، وَيَوْمُ عَيْنِ أُبَاغَ، وَأَيَّامُ دَاحِسٍ وَالْغَبْرَاءِ، وَحَرْبِ الْفُجَّارِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَيَّامِهِمُ الَّتِي حُفِظَتْ وَرُوِيَتْ وَطَالَ ذِكْرُهَا. كَمَا وَقَعَتْ أَيَّامٌ بَيْنَ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ حُفِظَ مِنْهَا حَرْبُ سُمَيْرٍ وَيَوْمُ السَّرَارَةِ وَيَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ وَغَيْرُهَا مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ وَالْأَيَّامِ الَّتِي مَحَا أَثَرَهَا الْإِسْلَامُ وَأَلَّفَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ. كَمَا كَانَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَعْلَامٌ وَنُبَلَاءُ انْتَشَرَ ذِكْرُهُمْ وَعُرِفَ فَضْلُهُمْ، مِنْهُمْ: خَالِدُ بْنُ سِنَانَ الْعَبْسِيُّ، وَحَاتِمٌ الطَّائِيُّ أَجْوَدُ الْعَرَبِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جُدْعَانَ، وَقُسُّ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ الْعَرَبِ وَنُبَلَائِهِمْ. كَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ أَهْلِ نَجْرَانَ وَابْتِدَاءِ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ فِيهِمْ عَنْ طَرِيقِ فِيمْيُونْ، وَصَالِحٍ عَلَى شَرِيعَةِ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّةِ أَصْحَابِ الْأُخْدُودِ عِنْدَ مَنْ جَعَلَهَا بَعْدَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ثُمَّ حَصَلَ لَهُمْ مَا حَصَلَ لِسَائِرِ النَّاسِ مِنْ تَبَدُّلِ الشَّرِيعَةِ وَالدِّينِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا عُبِدَتِ الْأَصْنَامُ فِي بَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عِنْدَمَا طَلَبُوا الْفَسَحَ فِي الْبِلَادِ فَكَانَ يَحْمِلُ الرَّجُلَ حَجَرًا مِنْ أَحْجَارِ الْبَيْتِ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْحَرَمِ فَأَيْنَمَا نَزَلُوا وَضَعُوهُ وَطَافُوا بِهِ كَطَوَافِهِمْ بِالْكَعْبَةِ، حَتَّى سَلَخَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ إِلَى أَنْ أَصْبَحُوا يَعْبُدُونَ مَا اسْتَحْسَنُوا مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ. ثُمَّ كَانَ مَا وَقَعَ مِنْ عِبَادَةِ وَدٍّ وَسُوَاعٍ وَيَغُوثَ وَنَسْرٍ وَاتِّخَاذِ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ صَنَمًا يَعْبُدُونَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، قَدْ جَاءَ عَمْرُو بْنُ لُحَيٍّ بِهُبَلَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الشَّامِ وَجَعَلَهُ بِمَكَّةَ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِتَعْظِيمِهِ وَعِبَادَتِهِ. وَفَشَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْعَرَبِ حَتَّى اتَّخَذَ كُلُّ أَهْلِ دَارٍ صَنَمًا يَعْبُدُونَهُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَقَدِ اتَّخَذَتْ قُرَيْشٌ مَعَ الْكَعْبَةِ طَوَاغِيتَ مَبْنِيَّةً جَعَلُوا لَهَا سَدَنَةً وَحِجَابًا وَيَهْدُونَ إِلَيْهَا كَمَا يُهْدَى لِلْكَعْبَةِ مِنْهَا الْعُزَّى وَاللَّاتُ وَمَنَاةُ وَذُو الْخَلَصَةِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ بُيُوتِ طَوَاغِيتِهِمْ.
Translation
✧ From the accounts of the Arabs before his ﷺ mission Among the accounts of the Arabs and what they were upon before his ﷺ mission was what the Qurʾān related in summary and what the scholars of exegesis, history, and biography mentioned in detail. Among them is the story of the dam of Maʾrib and what occurred with it, and how ʿAmr b. ʿĀmir moved from Yemen after he saw a rat digging in the dam and knew that the dam would not endure. He devised a plan for his people until he sold his property and departed with all his family, and Azd followed him until they reached ʿAkk. ʿAkk fought them, and the war between them was indecisive. Then they dispersed throughout the lands. Some of them settled in Syria, Azd al-Sarāh settled in al-Sarāh, Azd ʿUmān settled in ʿUmān, Khuzāʿah settled in Murr, and Aws and Khazraj settled in Yathrib. Then the dam of Maʾrib was destroyed as ʿAmr b. ʿĀmir had anticipated. And what occurred with Tubān Asʿad Abū Karib of the killing of his son treacherously in Madinah, and his going out against them to eradicate them and take revenge upon them, and how they fought him. Then what occurred with the two Jewish rabbis who informed him that Madinah was protected from him no matter how much he desired evil for it and its people, as it was only the migration place of a prophet of the end of time. They told him of the excellence of the Kaʿbah, the sacred house, and he clothed the Kaʿbah and venerated it. He departed with the two rabbis to Yemen and entered the religion of Judaism. Thus this was the origin of the Jews and Judaism in Yemen. And how the killing of ʿAmr b. Tubān Asʿad's brother Ḥassān occurred, then his death after him, then the kingdom of the house of Tubān ended until Zurʿah Dhū Nuwās b. Tubān Asʿad restored it after killing Lakhīʿah the profligate, who had taken the kingdom, killed the sons of kings, and humiliated them. And from the accounts of Yemen was what happened to Rabīʿah b. Naṣr regarding the dream he saw and his asking Saṭīḥ about it, and Saṭīḥ's informing him that the Abyssinians would descend upon his land, and his informing him of the kingship of Iram Dhū Yazan and the expulsion of the Abyssinians from it, then the ending of Dhū Yazan's kingdom with a pure prophet to whom revelation came from the Exalted. And it came in the accounts of the Arabs how the Abyssinians took possession of the land of Yemen after the defeat of Dhū Nuwās, and that was after Daws Dhū Thaʿlabān sought the aid of the king of Rome, and the king of Rome wrote to the Negus in Abyssinia to deliver Yemen from Dhū Nuwās. Then the killing of Aryāṭ after he had ruled Yemen for years, and Abrahah overcame it and built in it the church of al-Qullays, to which he invited the Arabs to perform pilgrimage. Then one of the nasaʾah defiled it, and when Abrahah learned of that, he resolved to head for the sacred house and demolish it. Dhū Nafar resisted him with some of the Arabs from the people of Yemen, and he was defeated, as was Nufayl b. Ḥabīb al-Khathʿamī. Then he came to al-Ṭāʾif, and Abū Righāl accompanied him to show him the way to Makkah. Then Abū Righāl died on the way. Abrahah sent one of his soldiers, and he raided Makkah and drove off from it two hundred camels belonging to ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib came to him and spoke with him about returning the camels to him, for he was their owner, and the house had a lord to protect it. Then occurred what occurred of the story of the companions of the elephant, the destruction of their army, and the destruction of Abrahah. By this incident, God increased Quraysh in honor among the Arabs and his house in awe and veneration. After Abrahah, his son Yaksūm ruled, then his son Masrūq, then Sayf b. Dhī Yazan ruled it after them. The Arabs before the mission of the Prophet ﷺ had battle-days in which they fought one another, and some of their battles lasted years. Among them were the Day of al-Baradān, the Day of ʿAyn Ubāgh, the days of Dāḥis and al-Ghabrāʾ, and the war of Fijār, to other of their days that were preserved and transmitted and whose mention is long. Also, days occurred between Aws and Khazraj, of which were preserved the war of Sumayr, the Day of al-Sarārah, the Day of Buʿāth, and other wars and days whose traces Islam erased, and God through it united their hearts. Among the Arabs were notable and noble figures whose mention spread and whose excellence was known. Among them: Khālid b. Sinān al-ʿAbsī, Ḥātim al-Ṭāʾī the most generous of the Arabs, ʿAbd Allāh b. Judʿān, Quss b. Sāʿidah, Zayd b. ʿAmr b. Nufayl, and many others among the nobility and nobles of the Arabs. Also from the accounts of the people of Najrān was the beginning of Christianity among them through Faymiyūn, and Ṣāliḥ upon the law of Jesus ﷺ, and what occurred of the story of the companions of the trench according to those who placed it after Jesus ﷺ, then what befell them befell the rest of the people of changing of the law and religion. The first worship of idols among the children of Ishmael ﷺ occurred when they sought room in the lands. A man would carry a stone from the stones of the house in veneration of the sanctuary, and wherever they camped, they would set it down and circumambulate it as they circumambulated the Kaʿbah, until that led them to the point that they came to worship whatever stones they deemed good. Then occurred what occurred of the worship of Wadd, Suwāʿ, Yaghūth, and Nasr, and each tribe taking an idol that they worshipped besides God. ʿAmr b. Luḥayy brought Hubal from the land of Syria and placed it in Makkah and commanded the people to venerate and worship it. That spread among the Arabs until every household took an idol that they worshipped besides God Almighty. Quraysh, along with the Kaʿbah, took built-up ṭawāghīt for which they appointed custodians and veils, and they sacrificed to them as one sacrifices to the Kaʿbah. Among them were al-ʿUzzā, al-Lāt, Manāt, and Dhū al-Khalaṣah, to other of the houses of their ṭawāghīt.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.