Tarikh (al-Tabari) 449
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
ابْنُ مُضَرَ مُضَرُ بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ وَفَتْحِ الضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ. وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مَصْرُوفٍ لِلْعَلَمِيَّةِ وَالْعَدْلِ عَنْ مَاضَرَ. لُقِّبَ بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضِيرُ قَلْبَ مَنْ رَآهُ لِحُسْنِهِ وَجَمَالِهِ. وَقَالَ الْقُتَبِيُّ: مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الْمَضِيرَةِ، أَوْ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ الْمَاضِرِ. وَالْمَضِيرَةُ شَيْءٌ يُصْنَعُ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ. فَسُمِّيَ مُضَرًا لِبَيَاضِهِ. وَاسْمُهُ عَمْرٌو. وَكُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو إِلْيَاسَ. وَأُمُّهُ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ عَكٍّ، وَأَخُوهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ إِيَادٌ، وَلَهُمَا أَخَوَانِ مِنْ أَبِيهِمَا: رَبِيعَةُ وَأَنْمَارٌ، وَأُمُّهُمَا جَدَالَةُ ابْنَةُ وَعْلَانَ مِنْ جُرْهُمٍ. وَذُكِرَ أَنَّ نِزَارَ بْنَ مَعَدٍّ لَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى بَنِيهِ وَقَسَّمَ مَالَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ: يَا بَنِيَّ هَذِهِ الْقُبَّةُ، وَهِيَ مِنْ أَدَمٍ حَمْرَاءُ، وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا مِنْ مَالِي لِمُضَرَ فَسُمِّيَ مُضَرَ الْحَمْرَاءَ، وَهَذَا الْخِبَاءُ الْأَسْوَدُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ مِنْ مَالِي لِرَبِيعَةَ، وَهَذِهِ الْخَادِمُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا مِنْ مَالِي لِإِيَادٍ، وَكَانَتْ شَمْطَاءَ، فَأَخَذَ الْبُلْقَ وَالنَّقَدَ مِنْ غَنَمِهِ، وَهَذِهِ الْبَدْرَةُ وَالْمَجْلِسُ لِأَنْمَارٍ يَجْلِسُ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَخَذَ أَنْمَارٌ مَا أَصَابَهُ، فَإِنْ أَشْكَلَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ وَاخْتَلَفْتُمْ فِي الْقِسْمَةِ فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالْأَفْعَى الْجُرْهُمِيِّ. فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَتَوَجَّهُوا إِلَى الْأَفْعَى الْجُرْهُمِيِّ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ يَسِيرُونَ فِي مَسِيرِهِمْ إِذْ رَأَى مَضَرُ كَلَأً قَدْ رُعِيَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْبَعِيرَ الَّذِي قَدْ رَعَى هَذَا الْكَلَأَ لَأَعْوَرُ. وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: هُوَ أَزْوَرُ. وَقَالَ إِيَادٌ: هُوَ أَبْتَرُ. وَقَالَ أَنْمَارٌ: هُوَ شَرُودٌ. فَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى لَقِيَهُمْ رَجُلٌ تُوضِعُ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ، فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ، فَقَالَ مُضَرُ: هُوَ أَعْوَرُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: هُوَ أَزْوَرُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَقَالَ إِيَادٌ: هُوَ أَبْتَرُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَقَالَ أَنْمَارٌ: هُوَ شُرُودٌ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، هَذِهِ صِفَةُ بَعِيرِي، دُلُّونِي عَلَيْهِ، فَحَلَفُوا لَهُ مَا رَأَوْهُ، فَلَزِمَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: كَيْفَ أُصَدِّقُكُمْ وَهَذِهِ صِفَةُ بَعِيرِي ! فَسَارُوا جَمِيعًا حَتَّى قَدِمُوا نَجْرَانَ فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى الْأَفْعَى الْجُرْهُمِيِّ، فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ صَاحِبُ الْبَعِيرِ حَدِيثَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُمُ الْجُرْهُمِيُّ: كَيْفَ وَصَفْتُمُوهُ وَلَمْ تَرَوْهُ ؟ قَالَ مُضَرُ: رَأَيْتُهُ يَرْعَى جَانِبًا وَيَدَعُ جَانِبًا فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَعْوَرُ. وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: رَأَيْتُ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ ثَابِتَةً وَالْأُخْرَى فَاسِدَةَ الْأَثَرِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَزْوَرُ. وَقَالَ إِيَادٌ: عَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ أَبْتَرُ بِاجْتِمَاعِ بَعْرِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ أَذْنَبَ لَمَصَعَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ أَنْمَارٌ: وَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ شَرُودٌ لِأَنَّهُ يَرْعَى الْمَكَانَ الْمُلْتَفَّ، ثُمَّ يَجُوزُهُ إِلَى مَكَانٍ أَرَقَّ مِنْهُ نَبْتًا وَأَخْبَثَ. فَقَالَ الْجُرْهُمِيُّ: لَيْسُوا بِأَصْحَابِ بَعِيرِكَ فَاطْلُبْهُ. ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُمْ مَنْ هُمْ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ، فَرَحَّبَ بِهِمْ وَقَالَ: أَتَحْتَاجُونَ أَنْتُمْ إِلَيَّ وَأَنْتُمْ كَمَا أَرَى ؟ وَدَعَا لَهُمْ بِطَعَامٍ فَأَكَلُوا وَشَرِبُوا. فَقَالَ مُضَرُ: لَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ خَمْرًا أَجْوَدَ لَوْلَا أَنَّهَا نَبَتَتْ عَلَى قَبْرٍ. وَقَالَ رَبِيعَةُ: لَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ لَحْمًا أَطْيَبَ لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ رُبِّيَ بِلَبَنِ كَلْبَةٍ. وَقَالَ إِيَادٌ: لَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ رَجُلًا أَسْرَى لَوْلَا أَنَّهُ لِغَيْرِ أَبِيهِ الَّذِي يَنْتَمِي إِلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ أَنْمَارٌ: لَمْ أَرَ الْيَوْمَ كَلَامًا أَنْفَعَ لِحَاجَتِنَا مِنْ كَلَامِنَا. وَسَمِعَ الْجُرْهُمِيُّ الْكَلَامَ فَعَجِبَ، فَأَتَى أُمَّهُ وَسَأَلَهَا، فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ مَلِكٍ لَا يُولَدُ لَهُ، فَكَرِهَتْ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ الْمُلْكُ فَأَمْكَنَتْ رَجُلًا مِنْ نَفْسِهَا فَحَمَلَتْ بِهِ، وَسَأَلَ الْقَهْرَمَانَ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ، فَقَالَ: مِنْ حَبَلَةٍ غَرَسْتُهَا عَلَى قَبْرِ أَبِيكَ، وَسَأَلَ الرَّاعِي عَنِ اللَّحْمِ فَقَالَ: شَاةٌ أَرْضَعْتُهَا لَبَنَ كَلْبَةٍ. فَقِيلَ لِمُضَرَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ عَرَفْتَ الْخَمْرَ ؟ فَقَالَ: لِأَنِّي أَصَابَنِي عَطَشٌ شَدِيدٌ. وَقِيلَ لِرَبِيعَةَ فِيمَا قَالَ، فَذَكَرَ كَلَامًا، وَأَتَاهُمُ الْجُرْهُمِيُّ وَقَالَ: صِفُوا لِي صِفَتَكُمْ، فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ قِصَّتَهُمْ، فَقَضَى بِالْقُبَّةِ الْحَمْرَاءِ وَالدَّنَانِيرِ وَالْإِبِلِ، وَهِيَ حُمْرٌ، لِمُضَرَ، وَقَضَى بِالْخِبَاءِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَالْخَيْلِ الدُّهْمِ لِرَبِيعَةَ، وَقَضَى بِالْخَادِمِ، وَكَانَتْ شَمْطَاءَ، وَالْمَاشِيَةِ الْبُلْقِ لِإِيَادٍ، وَقَضَى بِالْأَرْضِ وَالدَّرَاهِمِ لِأَنْمَارَ. وَمُضَرُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ حَدَا، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْ بَعِيرِهِ فَانْكَسَرَتْ يَدُهُ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: يَا يَدَاهُ يَا يَدَاهُ، فَأَتَتْهُ الْإِبِلُ مِنَ الْمَرْعَى، فَلَمَّا صَلَحَ وَرَكِبَ حَدَا وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ صَوْتًا. وَقِيلَ: بَلِ انْكَسَرَتْ يَدُ مَوْلًى لَهُ فَصَاحَ، فَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِبِلُ، فَوَضَعَ مُضَرُ الْحِدَاءَ وَزَادَ النَّاسَ فِيهِ. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ حِينَئِذٍ: " بَصْبَصْنَ إِذْ حُدِينَ بِالْأَذْنَابِ "، فَذَهَبَ مَثَلًا. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا تَسُبُّوا مُضَرَ وَرَبِيعَةَ فَإِنَّهُمَا مُسْلِمَانِ.
Translation
✧ IBN MUḌAR Muḍar, with a ḍammah on the mīm and a fatḥah on the ḍād with a dot. It is a diptote because of being a proper name and because of its deviation from “Māḍara.” He was given this nickname because he would make radiant the heart of whoever saw him, due to his beauty and handsomeness. Al-Qutabī said: It is derived from al-maḍīrah, or from māḍir milk. Al-maḍīrah is a dish made from milk. So he was named Muḍar because of his whiteness. His name was ʿAmr. His kunyah was Abū Ilyās. His mother was Sawdah bt. ʿAkk, and his full brother was Iyād. They had two half-brothers from their father: Rabīʿah and Anmār, whose mother was Jadālah, daughter of Waʿlān, of Jurhum. It is mentioned that when Niẓār b. Maʿadd was near death, he charged his sons and divided his wealth among them, saying: “O my sons, this dome, made of red leather, and whatever of my wealth resembles it, is for Muḍar.” Thus he was called Muḍar the Red. “And this black tent and whatever of my wealth resembles it is for Rabīʿah. And this maidservant and whatever of my wealth resembles her is for Iyād,” and she had gray hair, so he took the piebald and the poor-quality sheep. “And this bag of money and this seat is for Anmār to sit upon.” Anmār took what fell to him. He said: “If anything of that becomes unclear to you and you disagree about the division, then resort to al-Afʿā al-Jurhumī.” They disagreed, so they headed to al-Afʿā al-Jurhumī. While they were traveling, Muḍar saw a pasture that had been grazed and said: “The camel that grazed this pasture is one-eyed.” Rabīʿah said: “It is crooked-chested.” Iyād said: “It has a cut tail.” Anmār said: “It is skittish.” They had not traveled but a little before a man met them whose mount was hastening him. He asked them about the camel. Muḍar said: “Is it one-eyed?” He said: “Yes.” Rabīʿah said: “Is it crooked-chested?” He said: “Yes.” Iyād said: “Does it have a cut tail?” He said: “Yes.” Anmār said: “Is it skittish?” He said: “Yes. This is the description of my camel. Direct me to it.” They swore to him that they had not seen it. He clung to them and said: “How can I believe you when this is the description of my camel?” They all traveled until they reached Najrān and stopped at al-Afʿā al-Jurhumī. The owner of the camel related his story to him. Al-Jurhumī said to them: “How did you describe it when you had not seen it?” Muḍar said: “I saw it grazing on one side and leaving the other, so I knew it was one-eyed.” Rabīʿah said: “I saw one of its forelegs with a firm track and the other with a defective track, so I knew it was crooked-chested.” Iyād said: “I knew it had a cut tail because its dung was heaped together; if it had a tail, it would have whisked it about.” Anmār said: “I knew it was skittish because it grazes in a thick place, then moves on to a place with sparser and worse vegetation.” Al-Jurhumī said: “They are not the ones who have your camel, so go look for it.” Then he asked them who they were. They told him, and he welcomed them and said: “Do you need me when you are as I see?” He called for food for them, and they ate and drank. Muḍar said: “I have never seen wine better than today’s, except that it grew over a grave.” Rabīʿah said: “I have never seen meat more delicious than today’s, except that it was raised on the milk of a bitch.” Iyād said: “I have never seen a man more generous than today’s, except that he is not the son of the father to whom he traces his lineage.” Anmār said: “I have never seen speech more beneficial for our need than our speech today.” Al-Jurhumī heard the words and marveled. He went to his mother and asked her. She told him that she had been married to a king who had no children, and she disliked that the kingship would pass away, so she gave herself to a man and became pregnant with him. He asked the steward about the wine, and he said: “It is from a vine I planted over your father’s grave.” He asked the shepherd about the meat, and he said: “A ewe that I suckled on the milk of a bitch.” It was said to Muḍar: “How did you know the wine?” He said: “Because a severe thirst struck me.” It was said to Rabīʿah about what he said, and he mentioned some words. Al-Jurhumī came to them and said: “Describe your situation to me.” They related their story to him. He ruled that the red dome, the dinars, and the camels, which were red, belonged to Muḍar. He ruled that the black tent and the dark horses belonged to Rabīʿah. He ruled that the maidservant, who had gray hair, and the piebald livestock belonged to Iyād. He ruled that the land and the dirhams belonged to Anmār. Muḍar was the first to chant camel songs. The reason was that he fell from his camel and broke his hand, and he began to say: “O my hand, O my hand.” The camels came to him from the pasture. When he recovered and mounted, he chanted, and he had one of the best voices among people. It is said: Rather, the hand of a client of his broke, and he cried out, and the camels gathered, so Muḍar established the camel song and people added to it. He was the first to say at that time: “They wagged their tails when they were urged with camel songs,” and it became a proverb. It is narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Do not revile Muḍar and Rabīʿah, for they were Muslims.”
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