Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4336
Then the year 363 AH began
بَابُ ذِكْرِ خِلَافَةِ الطَّائِعِ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الْكَرِيمِ بْنُ الْمُطِيعِ لِلَّهِ، وَيُكَنَّى: أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ، اسْمُهَا: عُتَبُ، أَدْرَكَتْ خِلَافَتَهُ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ الْمُطِيعَ خَلَعَ نَفْسَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْتَكْرَهٍ، وَوَلِيَ الطَّائِعُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي خَلَعَ فِيهِ الْمُطِيعُ نَفْسَهُ، وَكَانَ سِنُّهُ يَوْمَ وَلِيَ ثَمَانَ وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَقِيلَ: خَمْسِينَ، وَلَمْ يَلِ الْأَمْرَ أَكْبَرُ سِنًّا مِنْهُ، وَلَا مَنْ لَهُ أَبٌ حَيٌّ سِوَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَالطَّائِعِ، وَكِلَاهُمَا يُكَنَّى: أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الطَّائِعُ أَبْيَضَ، أَشْقَرَ، حَسَنَ الْجِسْمِ، شَدِيدَ الْقُوَّةِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي دَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ أَيْلٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَكَانَ يَقْتُلُ بِقَرْنِهِ الدَّوَابَّ وَالْبِغَالَ، وَلَا يَتَمَكَّنُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُقَاوَمَتِهِ، فَاجْتَازَ الطَّائِعُ لِلَّهِ فَرَآهُ وَقَدْ شُقَّ رَاوِيهِ، فَقَالَ لِلْخَدَمِ: امْسِكُوهُ، فَسَعَوْا خَلْفَهُ حَتَّى أَلْجَئُوهُ إِلَى مَضِيقٍ، وَبَادَرَ الطَّائِعُ فَأَمْسَكَ قَرْنَيْهِ بِيَدَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يُخَلِّصَهُمَا وَهَرَبَ. وَاسْتَدْعَى بِنَجَّارٍ، فَقَالَ: رَكِّبِ الْمِنْشَارَ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَفَعَلَ، فَلَمَّا بَقِيَا عَلَى يَسِيرٍ قَطَعَهُمَا بِيَدِهِ وَهَرَبَ الْإِيلُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَسَقَطَتْ فَرَجِيَّةُ الطَّائِعِ عَنْ كَتِفَيْهِ، فَتَطَأْطَأَ بَعْضُ الْخَدَمِ لِيَرْفَعَ الْفَرَجِيَّةَ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ بِمُؤَخَّرِ عَيْنِهِ مُنْكِرًا لِفِعْلِهِ، فَتَرَكَهَا وَمَضَى الطَّائِعُ، وَبَقِيَتِ الْفَرَجِيَّةُ إِلَى آخِرِ النَّهَارِ لَا يَجْسُرُ أَحَدٌ عَلَى تَحْرِيكِهَا مِنْ مَوْضِعِهَا، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ النَّجَّارُ الِانْصِرَافَ حَضَرَ خَادِمٌ وَقَالَ: خُذْ هَذِهِ الْفَرَجِيَّةَ، فَأَخَذَهَا وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْوَشْيِ الْقَدِيمِ، فَبَاعَهَا بِمِائَةٍ وَسَبْعِينَ دِينَارًا. وَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الطَّائِعُ وَعَلَيْهِ الْبُرْدَةُ، وَمَعَهُ الْجَيْشُ، وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ سَبَكْتَكِينُ فِي يَوْمِ الثُّلَاثَاءِ تَاسِعَ عَشَرَ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ، وَمِنْ غَدِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ خَلَعَ عَلَى سَبَكْتَكِينَ الْخُلَعَ السُّلْطَانِيَّةَ، وَعَقَدَ لَهُ لِوَاءَ الْإِمَارَةِ، وَلَقَّبَهُ نَصْرَ الدَّوْلَةِ، وَحَضَرَ عِيدَ الْأَضْحَى فَرَكِبَ الطَّائِعُ إِلَى الْمُصَلَّى بِالْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، وَعَلَيْهِ السَّوَادُ قِبَاءٌ، وَعِمَامَةٌ، وَخَطَبَ خُطْبَةً بَلِيغَةً بَعْدَ أَنْ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ كَانَتْ: "اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، مُتَقَرِّبًا إِلَيْهِ، وَمُعْتَمِدًا عَلَيْهِ، وَمُتَوَسِّلًا بِأَكْرَمِ الْخَلَائِقِ لَدَيْهِ، الَّذِي صَيَّرَنِي إِمَامًا مَنْصُوصًا عَلَيْهِ، وَوَهَبَ لِي أَحْسَنَ الطَّاعَةِ فِي مَا فَوَّضَهُ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، مُقِرًّا بِجَمِيلِ آلَائِهِ فِيمَا أَسْنَدَهُ إِلَيَّ مِنْ حِفْظِ الْأُمَمِ وَأَمْوَالِهَا، وَذَرَارِيهَا، وَقَمَعَ بِي الْأَعْدَاءَ فِي حَضَرِهَا وَبَوَادِيهَا، وَجَعَلَنِي خَيْرَ مُسْتَخْلَفٍ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَمِنْ فِيهَا. اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، تَقَرُّبًا بِنَحْرِ الْبُدْنِ الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا مِنْ شَعَائِرِهِ، وَذَكَرَهَا فِي مُحْكَمِ كِتَابِهِ، وَاتِّبَاعًا لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ وَخَلِيلِهِ ﷺ فِي فِدْيَةِ أَبِينَا إِسْمَاعِيلَ؛ إِذْ قَدْ أَمَرَهُ بِذَبْحِهِ، فَاسْتَسْلَمَ هِرَاقُ دَمِهِ وَسَفْحِهِ غَيْرَ جَزِعٍ فِيمَا نَابَهُ، وَلَا نَكَلَ عَنْ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ، فَتَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ الْعَظِيمِ بِالذَّبَائِحِ، فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ تَقْوَى الْقُلُوبِ. اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَصَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خِيرَتِهِ مِنْ خَلِيقَتِهِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَعِتْرَتِهِ، وَعَلَى آبَائِي الْخُلَفَاءِ النُّجَبَاءِ، وَأَيَّدَنِي بِالتَّوْفِيقِ فِيمَا أَتَوَلَّى، وَسَدَّدَنِي مِنَ الْخِلَافَةِ فِيمَا أُعْطَى، وَأَنَا أُخَوِّفُكُمْ مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ غُرُورَ الدُّنْيَا؛ فَلَا تَرْكَنُوا إِلَى مَا يَبِيدُ وَيَفْنَى، وَيَزُولُ وَيَبْلَى، وَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْوُقُوفِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى غَدًا، وَصُحُفُكُمْ تُقْرَأُ عَلَيْكُمْ، فَمَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ فَلَا يَخَافُ ظُلْمًا وَلَا هَضْمًا، أَعَاذَنَا اللَّهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ مِنَ الرَّدَى، وَاسْتَعْمَلَنَا وَإِيَّاكُمْ بِأَعْمَالِ أَهْلِ التَّقْوَى، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ وَلِجَمِيعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ".
Translation
✧ An account of the caliphate of al-Ṭāʾiʿ li-llāh (glorified and exalted be He) His name was ʿAbd al-Karīm b. al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh, and his kunya was Abū Bakr. His mother was an umm walad named ʿUtab, who lived to see his caliphate. We have already mentioned that al-Muṭīʿ abdicated of his own accord, without compulsion, and al-Ṭāʾiʿ assumed authority on the day that al-Muṭīʿ abdicated. His age on the day he assumed office was forty-eight years; it is also said fifty. No one older than he assumed the office, and no one whose father was still alive except Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq and al-Ṭāʾiʿ—and both had the kunya Abū Bakr. Abū Bakr al-Ṭāʾiʿ was white-skinned, fair-haired, well-built, and of great strength. According to one account, there was a huge stag in the palace of the caliphate that used to kill riding animals and mules with its antlers, and no one could withstand it. Al-Ṭāʾiʿ li-llāh passed by it and saw that its rāwī had been torn. He said to the servants: "Hold it." They chased it until they forced it into a narrow place. Al-Ṭāʾiʿ rushed forward and seized its antlers with his hands, and it could not free them, then it fled. He called for a carpenter and said: "Apply the saw to them." The carpenter did so, and when only a little remained, al-Ṭāʾiʿ cut them off with his own hand, and the stag fled headlong. Al-Ṭāʾiʿ's robe fell from his shoulders. One of the servants bent down to pick up the robe, but al-Ṭāʾiʿ glanced at him out of the corner of his eye, disapproving of his action, so he left it. Al-Ṭāʾiʿ went on, and the robe remained in its place until the end of the day, no one daring to move it. When the carpenter was about to leave, a servant came and said: "Take this robe." He took it; it was of old figured silk, and he sold it for one hundred and seventy dinars. When al-Ṭāʾiʿ assumed office, wearing the burda, with the army around him and Sabuktakin before him, it was Tuesday, the nineteenth of Dhū al-Qaʿda. On the following day, he bestowed upon Sabuktakin the sultanic robes of honor, granted him the banner of command, and gave him the title Naṣr al-Dawla. He attended the Feast of the Sacrifice and rode to the prayer place on the eastern side, wearing black, a qabāʾ, and a turban. After leading the people in prayer, he delivered an eloquent sermon, which was: "Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, lā ilāha illā llāh, wa-llāhu akbar, drawing near to Him, relying upon Him, and seeking intercession through the noblest of creatures in His sight, who made me an imam explicitly designated, and granted me the best obedience in what He entrusted to me of the caliphate over the community. Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, acknowledging His gracious favors in what He has assigned to me of guarding the communities and their wealth and their offspring, and by which He has crushed the enemies in their settled lands and their deserts, and made me the best successor over the earth and those upon it. Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, drawing near by sacrificing the sacrificial camels, which He made among His rites and mentioned in His clear Book, and following the sunna of His Prophet and intimate friend ﷺ in the ransom of our father Ismāʿīl; when He commanded him to slaughter him, he submitted to the shedding of his blood without despair at what befell him and did not shrink from what he was commanded. So draw near to God on this great day with sacrifices, for they are among the piety of hearts. Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, and may God bless Muḥammad, His chosen one from His creation, and his household and progeny, and my forefathers the noble caliphs. May He support me with success in what I undertake, and guide me rightly in the caliphate in what I am given. I warn you, assembly of Muslims, against the delusion of this world; so do not incline toward what perishes and passes away, vanishes and wears out. Indeed, I fear for you the day of standing before God Almighty tomorrow, when your scrolls will be read to you. Whoever is given his book in his right hand will fear neither injustice nor deprivation. May God protect us and you from ruin, and employ us and you in the deeds of the people of piety. I ask God's forgiveness for myself, for you, and for all Muslims."
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