Tarikh (al-Tabari) 432
Genealogy of Our Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and Some Accounts of His Forefathers and Ancestors
ابْنُ كَعْبٍ كَعْبٌ: اخْتُلِفَ مِمَّا ذَا نُقِلَ عَلَى أَقْوَالٍ: الْأَوَّلُ: أَنَّهُ مَنْقُولٌ مِنَ الْكَعْبِ الَّذِي هُوَ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ السَّمْنِ الْجَامِدِ فِي الزِّقِّ أَوْ فِي غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الظُّرُوفِ، كَمَا أَنَّ الْكَعْبَ الْقِطْعَةُ مِنَ الْأَقِطِ حَكَاهُ الزَّجَّاجِيُّ وَالسُّهَيْلِيُّ فِي آخَرِينَ. الثَّانِي: أَنَّهُ مَنْقُولٌ مِنْ كَعْبِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَهُوَ مَا شَرَفَ فَوْقَ رُسْغِهِ عِنْدَ قَدَمِهِ. وَعَلَى هَذَا فَقِيلَ: نُقِلَ مِنْهُ لِارْتِفَاعِهِ وَشَرَفِهِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ. وَاخْتَارَهُ الزَّجَّاجِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ لِثُبُوتِهِ، مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ ثَبَتَ ثُبُوتَ الْكَعْبِ. وَاخْتَارَهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ، وَاسْتَدَلَّ لَهُ بِمَا جَاءَ فِي خَبَرِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ؓ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي عِنْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ وَحِجَارَةُ الْمَنْجَنِيقِ تَمُرُّ بِأُذُنِهِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ كَأَنَّهُ كَعْبٌ رَاتِبٌ. الثَّالِثُ: أَنَّهُ مِنْ كَعْبِ الْقَنَاةِ. ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ دُرَيْدٍ. قَالَ فِي الزَّهْرِ: وَلَعَلَّهُ أَشْبَهَ وَيَتَرَشَّحُ بِقَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ: سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِارْتِفَاعِهِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ وَعُلُوِّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَشَرَفِهِ فِيهِمْ. وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا هُصَيْصٍ، وَأُمُّ كَعْبٍ مُعَاوِيَةُ ابْنَةُ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْقَيْنِ بْنِ جَسْرٍ الْقُضَاعِيَّةُ، وَلَهُ أَخَوَانِ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، أَحَدُهُمَا عَامِرٌ، وَالْآخَرُ سَامَةُ، وَلَهُمْ مِنْ أَبِيهِمْ أَخٌ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَوْفٌ، أُمُّهُ الْبَارِدَةُ ابْنَةُ عَوْفِ بْنِ غَنْمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ غَطَفَانَ، وَانْتَمَى وَلَدُهُ إِلَى غَطَفَانَ، وَكَانَ خَرَجَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ الْبَارِدَةِ إِلَى غَطَفَانَ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا سَعْدُ بْنُ ذُبْيَانَ، فَتَبَنَّاهُ سَعْدٌ. وَلِكَعْبٍ أَيْضًا أَخَوَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أُمِّهِ، أَحَدُهُمَا خُزَيْمَةُ، وَهُوَ عَائِذَةُ قُرَيْشٍ، وَعَائِذَةُ أَمُّهُ وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ الْخِمْسِ بْنِ قُحَافَةَ مَنْ خَثْعَمٍ، وَالْآخَرُ سَعْدٌ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ بُنَانَةُ، وَبُنَانَةُ أُمُّهُ، فَأَهْلُ الْبَادِيَةِ مِنْهُمْ فِي بَنِي أَسْعَدَ بْنِ هَمَّامٍ فِي بَنِي شَيْبَانَ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، وَالْحَاضِرَةُ يَنْتَمُونَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ. وَكَانَ كَعْبٌ عَظِيمَ الْقَدْرِ عِنْدَ الْعَرَبِ، فَلِهَذَا أَرَّخُوا لِمَوْتِهِ إِلَى عَامِ الْفِيلِ ثُمَّ أَرَّخُوا بِالْفِيلِ، وَكَانَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ أَيَّامَ الْحَجِّ، وَخُطْبَتُهُ مَشْهُورَةٌ يُخْبِرُ فِيهَا بِالنَّبِيِّ - ﷺ. وَكَعْبُ بْنُ لُؤَيٍّ هَذَا مَنْ جَمَّعَ يَوْمَ الْعَرُوبَةِ، وَلَمْ تُسَمَّ الْعَرُوبَةُ الْجُمْعَةَ إِلَّا مُنْذُ جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ فِي قَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ. وَقِيلَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَمَّاهَا الْجُمْعَةَ. انْتَهَى. وَصَحَّحَ هَذَا الثَّانِيَ الْمُحِبُّ ابْنُ الْهَائِمِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ: يَوْمُ الْجُمْعَةِ اسْمٌ إِسْلَامِيٌّ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لِأَنَّهُ يُجْتَمَعُ فِيهِ لِلصَّلَاةِ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْجَمْعِ. قَالَ فِي الزَّهْرِ: وَفِي تَفْسِيرِ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: جَمَّعَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ الْجُمْعَةُ وَقَبْلَ قُدُومِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ سَمَّوْهَا الْجُمْعَةَ. وَهُوَ يُؤَيِّدُ مَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ وكَانَ يَجْمَعُ قَوْمَهُ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ وَيَخْطُبُهُمْ. قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَيَقُولُ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَاسْمَعُوا وَعُوا، وَافْهَمُوا وَتَعَلَّمُوا، لَيْلٌ سَاجٍ، وَنَهَارٌ ضَاحٍ وَالْأَرْضُ مِهَادٌ، وَالسَّمَاءُ بِنَاءٌ، وَالْجِبَالُ أَوْتَادٌ، وَالنُّجُومُ أَعْلَامٌ، لَمْ تُخْلَقْ عَبَثًا فَتَضْرِبُوا عَنَّا صَفْحًا، الْآخَرُونَ كَالْأَوَّلِينَ، وَالذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنْثَى، وَالزَّوْجُ وَالْفَرْدُ إِلَى بِلَى. فَصِلُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ، وَأَوْفَوْا بِعُهُودِكُمْ، وَاحْفَظُوا أَصْهَارَكُمْ، وَثَمِّرُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ، فَإِنَّهَا قِوَامُ مُرُوءَتِكُمْ فَهَلْ رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْ هَالِكٍ رَجَعَ، أَوْ مَيِّتٍ نُشِرَ، الدَّارُ أَمَامَكُمْ وَالْيَقِينُ غَيْرُ مَا تَظُنُّونَ، حَرَمُكُمْ زَيِّنُوهُ وَعَظِّمُوهُ، وَتَمَسَّكُوا بِهِ، فَسَيَأْتِي لَهُ نَبَأٌ عَظِيمٌ، وَسَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ نَبِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ، بِذَلِكَ جَاءَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى ﷺ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: نَهَارٌ وَلَيْلٌ كُلَّ أَوْبٍ بِحَاثَ سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْنَا لَيْلُهَا وَنَهَارُهَا عَلَى غَفْلَةٍ يَأْتِي النَّبِيُّ مُحَمَّدٌ يُخَبِّرُ أَخْبَارًا صَدُوقًا خَبِيرُهَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ كُنْتُ ذَا سَمْعٍ وَذَا بَصَرٍ، وَيَدٍ وَرِجْلٍ، لَتَنَصَّبْتُ فِيهَا تَنَصُّبَ الْجَمَلِ، وَلَأَرْقَلْتُ فِيهَا إِرْقَالَ الْفَحْلِ. ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: يَا لَيْتَنِي شَاهِدٌ فَحْوَاءَ دَعْوَتِهِ حِينَ الْعَشِيرَةُ تَبْغِي الْحَقَّ خُذْلَانَا وَكَانَ بَيْنَ مَوْتِهِ وَمَبْعَثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَمْسُمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ وَسِتُّونَ سَنَةً. رَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ وَغَيْرُهُ. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ: "أَمَّا بَعْدُ" فِي أَحَدِ الْأَقْوَالِ. وَلَهُ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ ثَلَاثَةٌ: مُرَّةُ، وَهُصَيْصٌ الْمُكَنَّى بِهِ، وَعَدِيٌّ.
Translation
✧ Ibn Kaʿb Kaʿb: there is disagreement as to what it was transferred from, according to several statements: The first: that it is transferred from the kaʿb, which is a piece of solidified clarified butter in a waterskin or in other vessels, just as the kaʿb is a piece of dried curd, as related by al-Zajjājī and al-Suhaylī among others. The second: that it is transferred from the kaʿb of a human being, which is the protrusion above his wrist near his foot. According to this, it is said: it was transferred from it because of his elevation and nobility over his people. Al-Zajjājī and others preferred this because of its attestation, from their saying: he stood firm like the standing firm of the kaʿb. Al-Suhaylī preferred it and adduced as evidence what came in the report of Ibn al-Zubayr ؓ: that he was praying at the Kaʿbah on the day he was killed while the stones of the mangonel passed by his ear, and he did not turn, as if he were a firmly planted kaʿb. The third: that it is from the kaʿb of the spear-shaft. Ibn Durayd mentioned it. He said in al-Zahr: perhaps it is most fitting, and it is supported by the saying of some of them: he was named that because of his elevation over his people, his loftiness above them, and his nobility among them. He was given the kunyah Abū Huṣayṣ, and the mother of Kaʿb was Muʿāwiyah bt. Kaʿb b. al-Qayn b. Jasr al-Quḍāʿiyyah. He had two full brothers, one of them ʿĀmir and the other Sāmah, and they had from their father a brother who used to be called ʿAwf, whose mother was al-Bāridah bt. ʿAwf b. Ghanm b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ghaṭafān. His descendants affiliated themselves with Ghaṭafān. He had gone out with his mother al-Bāridah to Ghaṭafān, and Saʿd b. Dhubyān married her, and Saʿd adopted him. Kaʿb also had two half-brothers from other mothers, one of them Khuzaymah, and he is ʿĀʾidhah of Quraysh; ʿĀʾidhah is his mother, she is the daughter of al-Khims b. Quḥāfah from Khathʿam. The other is Saʿd, and he is called Bunānah; Bunānah is his mother. The desert dwellers among them are in Banū Asʿad b. Hammām in Banū Shaybān b. Thaʿlabah, while the settled ones affiliate themselves with Quraysh. Kaʿb was of great standing among the Arabs; for this reason they dated his death to the Year of the Elephant, then they dated by the Elephant. He used to address the people during the days of the pilgrimage, and his sermon is well known, in which he informed of the Prophet ﷺ. This Kaʿb b. Luʾayy is the one who gathered the people on the Day of al-ʿArūbah, and al-ʿArūbah was not called al-Jumuʿah except since Islam came, according to the saying of some of them. It is said he was the first to name it al-Jumuʿah. End quote. Al-Muḥibb Ibn al-Hāʾim deemed this second statement correct. Ibn Ḥazm said: The name Yawm al-Jumuʿah is an Islamic term and did not exist in the pre-Islamic era, because no one gathered in it for prayer, from al-jamʿ (gathering). He said in al-Zahr: In the Tafsīr of ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd with a sound chain from Ibn Sīrīn, may God Almighty have mercy on him, he said: The people of Madinah gathered before the Friday prayer was revealed and before the arrival of the Prophet ﷺ, and they are the ones who named it al-Jumuʿah. This supports what Ibn Ḥazm mentioned. He used to gather his people on this day and deliver a sermon to them. Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, may God Almighty have mercy on him, said: He would say: Now then, listen and comprehend, understand and learn. A night that is still, a day that is bright, the earth is a bedding, the sky is a building, the mountains are pegs, the stars are signposts. They were not created in vain, so do not turn away from us in disregard. The latter are like the former, the male like the female, the pair and the single, until decay. So maintain your ties of kinship, fulfill your covenants, preserve your in-laws, and increase your wealth, for it is the support of your manliness. Have you seen any who perished return, or any dead who was resurrected? The abode is before you, and certainty is other than what you suppose. Adorn your sanctuary and venerate it, and cling to it, for a great tiding will come to it, and a noble prophet will emerge from it. Thus came Moses and Jesus ﷺ. Then he would say: A day and a night, with every returning, are in search; the same to us is its night and its day. Upon heedlessness comes the Prophet Muḥammad, He tells news, truthful is its informer. By God, if I had hearing and sight, and hand and foot, I would exert myself in it like the exerting of a camel, and I would hasten in it like the hastening of a stallion. Then he would say: Would that I were a witness to the proclamation of his call, when the clan seeks the truth in forsaking us. Between his death and the sending of the Prophet ﷺ there were five hundred and sixty years. Related by Abū Nuʿaym and others. He was the first to say "Ammā baʿd" (now then) according to one of the statements. He had three sons: Murrah, Huṣayṣ, by whom he was given the kunyah, and ʿAdī.
Grades by grader
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