Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4087
Then the year 341 AH began
ذِكْرُ وَفَاةِ الْمَنْصُورِ الْعَلَوِيِّ وَمِلْكِ وَلَدِهِ الْمُعِزِّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ تُوُفِّيَ الْمَنْصُورُ بِاللَّهِ أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْقَائِمِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَهْدِيِّ سَلْخَ شَوَّالٍ، وَكَانَتْ خِلَافَتُهُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ وَسِتَّةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، وَكَانَ عُمُرُهُ تِسْعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ خَطِيبًا بَلِيغًا، يَخْتَرِعُ الْخُطْبَةَ لِوَقْتِهِ، وَأَحْوَالُهُ مَعَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الْخَارِجِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى شَجَاعَةٍ وَعَقْلٍ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ وَفَاتِهِ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَى سَفَاقُسَ وَتُونُسَ ثُمَّ إِلَى قَابِسَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَهْلِ جَزِيرَةِ جَرْبَةَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ رِجَالًا مَعَهُ وَعَادَ، وَكَانَتْ سُفْرَتُهُ شَهْرًا، وَعَهِدَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ مَعَدٍّ بِوَلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ رَمَضَانُ، خَرَجَ مُتَنَزِّهًا أَيْضًا إِلَى مَدِينَةِ جَلُولَاءَ، وَهُوَ مَوْضِعٌ كَثِيرُ الثِّمَارِ، وَفِيهِ مِنَ الْأُتْرُجِّ مَا لَا يُرَى مِثْلُهُ فِي عِظَمِهِ، يَكُونُ شَيْءٌ يَحْمِلُ الْجَمَلُ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَ أُتْرُجَّاتٍ، فَحَمَلَ مِنْهُ إِلَى قَصْرِهِ. وَكَانَ لِلْمَنْصُورِ جَارِيَةٌ حَظِيَّةٌ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ اسْتَحْسَنَتْهُ، وَسَأَلَتِ الْمَنْصُورَ أَنْ تَرَاهُ فِي أَغْصَانِهِ، فَأَجَابَهَا إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَرَحَلَ إِلَيْهَا فِي خَاصَّتِهِ، وَأَقَامَ بِهَا أَيَّامًا ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِيَّةِ، فَأَصَابَهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ ( رِيحٌ شَدِيدَةٌ ) وَبَرْدٌ وَمَطَرٌ، وَدَامَ عَلَيْهِ فَصَبَرَ وَتَجَلَّدَ، وَكَثُرَ الثَّلْجُ، فَمَاتَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، وَاعْتَلَّ الْمَنْصُورُ عِلَّةً شَدِيدَةً، لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِيَّةِ أَرَادَ دُخُولَ الْحَمَّامِ، فَنَهَاهُ طَبِيبُهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيُّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُ وَدَخَلَ الْحَمَّامَ، فَفَنِيَتِ الْحَرَارَةُ الْغَرِيزِيَّةُ مِنْهُ وَلَازَمَهُ السَّهَرُ، فَأَقْبَلَ إِسْحَاقُ يُعَالِجُ الْمَرَضَ وَالسَّهَرُ بَاقٍ بِحَالِهِ، فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَقَالَ لِبَعْضِ الْخَدَمِ: أَمَا فِي الْقَيْرَوَانِ طَبِيبٌ غَيْرُ إِسْحَاقَ يُخَلِّصُنِي مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ ؟ قَالَ: هَاهُنَا شَابٌّ قَدْ نَشَأَ الْآنَ اسْمُهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، فَأَمَرَ بِإِحْضَارِهِ، وَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ مَا يَجِدُهُ مِنَ السَّهَرِ، فَجَمَعَ لَهُ أَشْيَاءَ مُنَوِّمَةٍ، وَجُعِلَتْ فِي قِنِّينَةٍ عَلَى النَّارِ، وَكَلَّفَهُ شَمَّهَا، فَلَمَّا أَدْمَنَ شَمَّهَا نَامَ. وَخَرَجَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَهُوَ مَسْرُورٌ بِمَا فَعَلَ، وَبَقِيَ الْمَنْصُورُ نَائِمًا، فَجَاءَ إِسْحَاقُ فَطَلَبَ الدُّخُولَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقِيلَ: هُوَ نَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ صَنَعَ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يَنَامُ مِنْهُ فَقَدْ مَاتَ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ مَيِّتًا، فَدُفِنَ فِي قَصْرِهِ وَأَرَادُوا قَتْلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: مَا لَهُ ذَنْبٌ، إِنَّمَا دَاوَاهُ بِمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْأَطِبَّاءُ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ جَهِلَ أَصْلَ الْمَرَضِ وَمَا عَرَفْتُمُوهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّنِي كُنْتُ ( فِي مُعَالَجَتِهِ ) أَنْظُرُ فِي تَقْوِيَةِ الْحَرَارَةِ الْغَرِيزِيَّةِ وَبِهَا يَكُونُ النَّوْمُ، فَلَمَّا عُولِجَ بِالْأَشْيَاءِ الْمُطْفِئَةِ لَهَا، عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ وَلِيَ الْأَمْرَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ مَعَدٌّ، وَهُوَ الْمُعِزُّ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ، وَأَقَامَ فِي تَدْبِيرِ الْأُمُورِ إِلَى سَابِعِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، فَأَذِنَ لِلنَّاسِ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَجَلَسَ لَهُمْ فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَكَانَ عُمُرُهُ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً. فَلَمَّا دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سِتٍّ وَأَرْبَعِينَ [ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ] صَعِدَ جَبَلَ أُورَاسَ، وَجَالَ فِيهِ عَسْكَرُهُ، وَهُوَ مَلْجَأُ كُلِّ مُنَافِقٍ عَلَى الْمُلُوكِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِ بَنُو كَمْلَانَ، وَمُلَيْلَةَ، وَقَبِيلَتَانِ مِنْ هَوَارَةَ، لَمْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي طَاعَةِ مَنْ تَقَدَّمَهُ، فَأَطَاعُوا الْمُعِزَّ، وَدَخَلُوا مَعَهُ الْبِلَادَ، وَأَمَرَ نُوَّابَهُ بِالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى الْبَرْبَرِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَتَاهُ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمُعِزُّ، وَعَظُمَ أَمْرُهُ، وَمِنْ جُمْلَةِ مَنِ اسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَزَرٍ الزَّنَاتِيُّ أَخُو مَعْبَدٍ، فَأَمَّنَهُ الْمُعِزُّ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the death of al-Manṣūr al-ʿAlawī and the reign of his son al-Muʿizz In this year al-Manṣūr billāh Abū al-Ṭāhir Ismāʿīl b. al-Qāʾim Abī al-Qāsim Muḥammad b. ʿUbayd Allāh al-Mahdī died at the end of Shawwāl. His caliphate lasted seven years and sixteen days, and his age was thirty-nine years. He was an eloquent preacher who improvised the sermon on the spot, and his conduct with Abū Yazīd the Khārijite and others indicates courage and intelligence. The cause of his death was that he went out to Safāqus and Tunis, then to Qābis, and sent to the people of the island of Jarba inviting them to obey him. They responded to that, and he took from them some men with him and returned. His journey lasted a month. He had designated his son Maʿadd as heir apparent. Then when Ramaḍān came, he went out again for recreation to the town of Jalūlāʾ, a place abundant in fruits, containing citrons the like of which in size is not seen elsewhere: a single one might be such that a camel carries four citrons from it. He carried some of it to his palace. Al-Manṣūr had a favorite concubine. When she saw it, she admired it and asked al-Manṣūr to see it on its branches. He granted her that, departed to it with his close retinue, stayed there some days, then returned to al-Manṣūriyya. On the way he was struck by a severe wind, cold, and rain that persisted. He endured and showed fortitude. The snow increased, and a group of those with him died. Al-Manṣūr fell severely ill because, when he reached al-Manṣūriyya, he wanted to enter the bath. His physician Isḥāq b. Sulaymān al-Isrāʾīlī forbade him from that, but he did not accept it from him and entered the bath. His innate heat was extinguished, and sleeplessness clung to him. Isḥāq began treating the illness while the sleeplessness remained as it was. That distressed al-Manṣūr, so he said to one of the servants: "Is there not in al-Qayrawān a physician other than Isḥāq who can deliver me from this matter?" He said: "Here is a young man who has just emerged, named Ibrāhīm." He ordered him to be brought, complained to him of the sleeplessness he was experiencing. He compounded for him some soporific substances, placed them in a bottle over the fire, and had him inhale them. When he kept inhaling them, he slept. Ibrāhīm went out pleased with what he had done, and al-Manṣūr remained asleep. Isḥāq came and sought to enter upon him, and it was said: "He is asleep." He said: "If something was made for him to sleep from, then he has died." They entered upon him and found him dead. He was buried in his palace. They wanted to kill Ibrāhīm, but Isḥāq said: "He has no fault. He merely treated him with what the physicians have mentioned, but he was ignorant of the root of the illness, and you did not know it. That is because I, in treating him, was aiming to strengthen the innate heat, and through it sleep occurs. When he was treated with things that extinguish it, I knew that he had died." When he died, his son Maʿadd took charge of affairs after him. He is al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh. He remained managing matters until the seventh of Dhū al-Ḥijja, then he gave permission to the people, and they entered upon him. He sat for them, and they greeted him with the caliphate. His age was twenty-four years. When the year 346 AH began, he ascended Mount Awrās and his army roamed through it. It is the refuge of every hypocrite against kings. In it were Banū Kamlān, Mulayla, and two tribes of Hawwāra who had not entered into obedience to anyone before him. They obeyed al-Muʿizz and entered the lands with him. He commanded his governors to treat the Berbers well, and there remained none of them who did not come to him. Al-Muʿizz treated them kindly, and his authority grew great. Among those who sought safety with him was Muḥammad b. Khazar al-Zanātī, the brother of Maʿbad. Al-Muʿizz granted him safety and treated him well.
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