Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4005
Then the year 333 AH began
ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الْخَارِجِيِّ بِإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ اشْتَدَّتْ شَوْكَةُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ بِإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَكَثُرَ أَتْبَاعُهُ وَهَزَمَ الْجُيُوشَ، وَكَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ أَمْرِهِ أَنَّهُ مِنْ زَنَاتَةَ، وَاسْمُ وَالِدِهِ كَيْدَادُ مِنْ مَدِينَةِ تَوْزَرَ مِنْ قَسْطِيلِيَّةَ، وَكَانَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى بِلَادِ السُّودَانِ لِتِجَارَةٍ، فَوُلِدَ لَهُ بِهَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ مِنْ جَارِيَةٍ هَوَّارِيَّةٍ، فَأَتَى بِهَا إِلَى تَوْزَرَ، فَنَشَأَ بِهَا، وَتَعَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَخَالَطَ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ النَّكَارِيَّةِ، فَمَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ إِلَى مَذْهَبِهِمْ، ثُمَّ سَافَرَ إِلَى تَاهَرْتَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا يُعَلِّمُ الصِّبْيَانَ إِلَى أَنْ خَرَجَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشِّيعِيُّ إِلَى سِجِلْمَاسَةَ فِي طَلَبِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَانْتَقَلَ إِلَى تَقْيَوَسَ، وَاشْتَرَى ضَيْعَةً وَأَقَامَ يُعَلِّمُ فِيهَا. وَكَانَ مَذْهَبُهُ تَكْفِيرَ أَهْلِ الْمِلَّةِ، وَاسْتِبَاحَةَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالدِّمَاءِ وَالْخُرُوجَ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ، فَابْتَدَأَ يَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي أَفْعَالِهِمْ وَمَذَاهِبِهِمْ، فَصَارَ لَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ يُعَظِّمُونَهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَيَّامَ الْمَهْدِيِّ سَنَةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنِ اشْتَدَّتْ شَوْكَتُهُ، وَكَثُرَ أَتْبَاعُهُ فِي أَيَّامِ الْقَائِمِ ( وَلَدِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَصَارَ يُغُيْرُ وَيَحْرِقُ وَيُفْسِدُ، وَزَحَفَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْقَائِمِ ) وَحَاصَرَ بَاغَايَةَ، وَهَزَمَ الْجُيُوشَ الْكَثِيرَةَ عَلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ حَاصَرَ قَسْطِيلِيَّةَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَفَتَحَ تَبْسَةَ وَمَجَانَةَ وَهَدَمَ سُورَهَا، وَأَمَّنَ أَهْلَهَا، وَدَخَلَ مَرْمَجَنَّةَ، فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، وَأَهْدَى لَهُ حِمَارًا أَشْهَبَ مَلِيحَ الصُّورَةِ، فَرَكِبَهُ أَبُو يَزِيدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَومِ. وَكَانَ قَصِيرًا أَعْرَجَ يَلْبِسُ جُبَّةَ صُوفٍ قَصِيرَةً، قَبِيحَ الصُّورَةِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ هَزَمَ كُتَامَةَ، وَأَنْفَذَ طَائِفَةً مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ إِلَى سَبِيبَةَ، فَفَتَحَهَا وَصَلَبَ عَامِلَهَا، وَسَارَ إِلَى الْأَرْبَسِ، فَفَتَحَهَا وَأَحْرَقَهَا وَنَهَبَهَا، وَجَاءَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْجَامِعِ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا اتَّصَلَ ذَلِكَ بِأَهْلِ الْمَهْدِيَّةِ اسْتَعْظَمُوهُ، وَقَالُوا لِلْقَائِمِ: الْأَرْبَسُ بَابُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَلَمَّا أُخِذَتْ، زَالَتْ دَوْلَةُ بَنِي الْأَغْلَبِ، فَقَالَ: لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يَبْلُغَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْمُصَلَّى، وَهُوَ أَقْصَى غَايَتَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَائِمَ أَخْرَجَ الْجُيُوشَ لِضَبْطِ الْبِلَادِ، فَأَخْرَجَ جَيْشًا إِلَى رَقَّادَةَ، وَجَيْشًا إِلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ، وَجَمَعَ الْعَسَاكِرَ، فَخَافَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ، وَعَوَّلَ عَلَى أَخْذِ بِلَادِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَإِخْرَابِهَا وَقَتْلِ أَهْلِهَا، وَسَيَّرَ الْقَائِمُ الْجَيْشَ الَّذِي اجْتَمَعَ لَهُ مَعَ فَتَاهُ مَيْسُورٍ، وَسَيَّرَ بَعْضَهُ مَعَ فَتَاهُ بُشْرَى إِلَى بَاجَّةَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبَا يَزِيدَ خَبَرُ بُشْرَى، تَرَكَ أَثْقَالَهُ ( وَسَارَ جَرِيدَةً إِلَيْهِ، فَالْتَقَوْا ) بِبَاجَّةَ، فَانْهَزَمَ عَسْكَرُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَبَقِيَ فِي نَحْوِ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: مِيلُوا بِنَا نُخَالِفُهُمْ إِلَى خِيَامِهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، فَانْهَزَمَ بُشْرَى إِلَى تُونُسَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ وُجُوهِ كُتَامَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَدَخَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ بَاجَّةَ فَأَحْرَقَهَا وَنَهَبَهَا، وَقَتَلُوا الْأَطْفَالَ، وَأَخَذُوا النِّسَاءَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْقَبَائِلِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ فَأَتَوْهُ، وَعَمِلَ الْأَخْبِيَةَ وَالْبُنُودَ وَآلَاتِ الْحَرْبِ. وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ بُشْرَى إِلَى تُونُسَ، جَمَعَ النَّاسَ وَأَعْطَاهُمُ الْأَمْوَالَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَجَهَّزَهُمْ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو يَزِيدَ جَيْشًا، فَالْتَقَوْا وَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَرَجَعَ أَصْحَابُ بُشْرَى إِلَى تُونُسَ غَانِمِينَ، وَوَقَعَتْ فِتْنَةٌ فِي تُونُسَ، وَنَهَبَ أَهْلُهَا دَارَ عَامِلِهَا، فَهَرَبَ، وَكَاتَبُوا أَبَا يَزِيدَ، فَأَعْطَاهُمُ الْأَمَانَ، وَوَلَّى عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ رَحْمُونُ، وَانْتَقَلَ إِلَى فَحْصِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، وَخَافَهُ النَّاسُ، فَانْتَقَلُوا إِلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ، وَأَتَاهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ خَوفًا وَرُعْبًا. وَأَمَرَ الْقَائِمُ بُشْرَى أَنْ يَتَجَسَّسَ أَخْبَارَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، ( فَمَضَى نَحْوَهُ، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ )، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ، وَأَمَرَ مُقَدِّمَهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ، وَيُمَثِّلَ وَيَنْهَبَ، لِيُرْعِبَ قُلُوبَ النَّاسِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَالْتَقَى هُوَ وَبُشْرَى، وَاقْتَتَلُوا وَانْهَزَمَ عَسْكَرُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ، وَأُسِرَ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ، فَسَيَّرَهُمْ بُشْرَى إِلَى الْمَهْدِيَّةِ فِي السَّلَاسِلِ، فَقَتَلَهُمُ الْعَامَّةُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the emergence of Abū Yazīd al-Khārijī in Ifrīqiya In this year the power of Abū Yazīd in Ifrīqiya intensified, his followers multiplied, and he defeated armies. The beginning of his affair was that he was from Zanāta, and the name of his father was Kaydād, from the city of Tawzar in Qasṭīliya. He used to travel to the lands of the Sūdān for trade, and Abū Yazīd was born to him there from a Hawwārī slave woman. He brought her to Tawzar, and he grew up there, learned the Qur'an, and associated with a group of the Nakkāriyya, and his soul inclined to their doctrine. Then he traveled to Tāhart and stayed there teaching children until Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī went out to Sijilmāsa in search of the Mahdī. He moved to Taqyawas, bought an estate, and stayed teaching there. His doctrine was to declare the people of the religious community to be infidels, to permit the taking of property and lives, and to rebel against the ruler. He began to hold people accountable for their actions and doctrines, and he gained a group who revered him. That was in the days of the Mahdī in the year 316. He continued in that way until his power intensified and his followers multiplied in the days of al-Qā'im (the son of the Mahdī). He began to raid, burn, and corrupt, and he marched to the lands of al-Qā'im. He besieged Bāghāya and defeated many armies there. Then he besieged Qasṭīliya in the year 333, captured Tibsa and Majāna, demolished their walls, granted safety to their people, and entered Marmajanna. A man from its people met him and gave him a gray donkey of fine appearance, and Abū Yazīd rode it from that day. He was short, lame, wearing a short woolen jubbah, and ugly in appearance. Then he defeated Kutāma and sent a detachment of his army to Sabība. He captured it and crucified its governor. He marched to al-Arbas, captured it, burned it, and plundered it. The people came to the mosque, and he killed them there. When that reached the people of al-Mahdiyya, they deemed it grave and said to al-Qā'im: "Al-Arbas is the gate of Ifrīqiya. When it was taken, the dynasty of the Banū al-Aghlab fell." He said: "Abū Yazīd must reach the mosque, and that is the utmost extent of his goal." Then al-Qā'im sent out armies to secure the lands. He sent an army to Raqqāda, an army to al-Qayrawān, and gathered the troops. Abū Yazīd became afraid and resolved to seize the lands of Ifrīqiya, ruin them, and kill their people. Al-Qā'im sent the army that had assembled with his servant Maysūr, and sent part of it with his servant Bushrā to Bāja. When news of Bushrā reached Abū Yazīd, he left his baggage and marched quickly with a light force to him. They met at Bāja, and the army of Abū Yazīd was routed. He remained with about four hundred fighters. He said to them: "Turn with us and we will attack their tents." They did so, and Bushrā fled to Tunis. Many leading men of Kutāma and others were killed from his army. Abū Yazīd entered Bāja, burned it, plundered it, killed the children, and took the women. He wrote to the tribes calling them to himself, and they came to him. He set up tents, banners, and war equipment. When Bushrā reached Tunis, he gathered the people and gave them money. A great many people gathered to him. He equipped them and sent them against Abū Yazīd. Abū Yazīd sent an army against them. They met and fought, and the followers of Abū Yazīd were routed. The followers of Bushrā returned to Tunis victorious. A disturbance occurred in Tunis, and its people plundered the house of its governor, who fled. They wrote to Abū Yazīd, and he granted them safety, appointing over them a man of theirs called Raḥmūn. He moved to Faḥṣ Abī Ṣāliḥ. The people feared him and moved to al-Qayrawān, and many of them came to him out of fear and dread. Al-Qā'im ordered Bushrā to spy on the news of Abū Yazīd. He went toward him, and the news reached Abū Yazīd. He sent a detachment of his army against them and ordered its commander to kill, mutilate, and plunder in order to terrify the hearts of the people. He did so, and he and Bushrā met and fought. The army of Abū Yazīd was routed. Four thousand of them were killed and five hundred were captured. Bushrā sent them to al-Mahdiyya in chains, and the common people killed them.
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