Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4006
Then the year 333 AH began
ذِكْرُ اسْتِيلَاءِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ عَلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ وَرَقَّادَةَ لَمَّا انْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، غَاظَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَجَمَعَ الْجُمُوعَ، وَرَحَلَ وَسَارَ إِلَى قِتَالِ الْكُتَامِيِّينَ، فَوَصَلَ إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَتَلَاقَتِ الطَّلَائِعُ، وَجَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا قِتَالٌ، فَانْهَزَمَتْ طَلَائِعُ الْكُتَامِيِّينَ، وَتَبِعَهُمُ الْبَرْبَرُ إِلَى رَقَّادَةَ، وَنَزَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ بِالْغَرْبِ مِنَ الْقَيْرَوَانِ فِي مِائَةِ أَلْفِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَنَزَلَ مِنَ الْغَدِ شَرْقِيَّ رَقَّادَةَ، وَعَامِلُهَا خَلِيلٌ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَلَا يُبَالِي بِهِ، وَالنَّاسُ يَأْتُونَهُ وَيُخْبِرُونَهُ بِقُرْبِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ أَحَدٌ لِقِتَالٍ، وَكَانَ يَنْتَظِرُ وُصُولَ مَيْسُورٍ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ. فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ ذَلِكَ، زَحَفَ إِلَى الْبَلَدِ بَعْضُ عَسْكَرِهِ، فَأَنْشَبُوا الْقِتَالَ، فَجَرَى بَيْنَهُمْ قَتِالٌ ( عَظِيمٌ ) قُتِلَ فِيهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَانْهَزَمُوا وَخَلِيلٌ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مَعَهُمْ، فَصَاحَ بِهِ النَّاسُ، فَخَرَجَ مُتَكَارِهًا مِنْ بَابِ تُونُسَ، وَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ، فَانْهَزَمَ خَلِيلٌ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ، وَدَخَلَ الْقَيْرَوَانَ وَنَزَلَ بِدَارِهِ وَأَغْلَقَ بَابَهَا يَنْتَظِرُ وُصُولَ مَيْسُورٍ، وَفَعَلَ كَذَلِكَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَدَخَلَ الْبَرْبَرُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَقَتَلُوا وَأَفْسَدُوا، وَقَاتَلَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فِي أَطْرَافِ الْبَلَدِ. وَبَعَثَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ اسْمُهُ أَيُّوبُ الزُّوَيْلِيُّ إِلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ بِعَسْكَرٍ، فَدَخَلَهَا أَوَاخِرَ صَفَرٍ، فَنَهَبَ الْبَلَدَ وَقَتَلَ، وَعَمِلَ أَعْمَالًا عَظِيمَةً، وَحَصَرَ خَلِيلًا فِي دَارِهِ، فَنَزَلَ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بِالْأَمَانِ، فَحُمِلَ خَلِيلٌ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَخَرَجَ شُيُوخُ أَهْلِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ وَهُوَ بِرَقَّادَةَ، فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ وَطَلَبُوا الْأَمَانَ، فَمَاطَلَهُمْ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَنْهَبُونَ، فَعَاوَدُوا الشَّكْوَى، وَقَالُوا: خَرِبَتِ الْمَدِينَةُ، فَقَالَ: وَمَا يَكُونُ ؟ خَرِبَتْ مَكَّةُ، وَالْبَيْتُ الْمُقَدَّسُ ! ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِالْأَمَانِ، وَبَقِيَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ يَنْهَبُونَ، فَأَتَاهُمُ الْخَبَرُ بِوُصُولِ مَيْسُورٍ فِي عَسَاكِرَ عَظِيمَةً، فَخَرَجَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ الْبَرْبَرُ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ خَوفًا مِنْهُ. وَقَارَبَ مَيْسُورٌ مَدِينَةَ الْقَيْرَوَانِ، وَاتَّصَلَ الْخَبَرُ بِالْقَائِمِ أَنَّ بَنِي كَمْلَانَ قَدْ كَاتَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَبَا يَزِيدَ عَلَى أَنْ يُمَكِّنُوهُ مِنْ مَيْسُورٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى مَيْسُورٍ يُعَرِّفُهُ وَيُحَذِّرُهُ، وَيَأْمُرُهُ بِطَرْدِهِمْ، فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ عَجَّلْتَ ظَفِرْتَ بِهِ، فَسَارَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ، فَالْتَقَوْا، وَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَانْهَزَمَتْ مَيْسَرَةُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَبُو يَزِيدَ ذَلِكَ، حَمَلَ عَلَى مَيْسُورٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ مَيْسُورٍ، فَعَطَفَ مَيْسُورٌ فَرَسَهُ، فَكَبَا بِهِ، فَسَقَطَ عَنْهُ، وَقَاتَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ عَلَيْهِ لِيَمْنَعُوهُ، فَقَصَدَهُ بَنُو كَمْلَانَ الَّذِينَ طَرَدَهُمْ، فَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ حِينَئِذٍ، فَقُتِلَ مَيْسُورٌ، وَحُمِلَ رَأْسُهُ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَانْهَزَمَ عَامَّةُ عَسْكَرِهِ، وَسَيَّرَ الْكُتُبَ إِلَى عَامَّةِ الْبِلَادِ يُخْبِرُ بِهَذَا الظَّفَرِ، وَطِيفَ بِرَأْسِ مَيْسُورٍ بِالْقَيْرَوَانِ. وَاتَّصَلَ خَبَرُ الْهَزِيمَةِ بِالْقَائِمِ، فَخَافَ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بِالْمَهْدِيَّةِ، وَانْتَقَلَ أَهْلُهَا مِنْ أَرْبَاضِهَا إِلَى الْبَلَدِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا وَاحْتَمَوْا بِسُورِهِ، فَمَنَعَهُمُ الْقَائِمُ، وَوَعَدَهُمُ الظَّفَرَ، فَعَادُوا إِلَى زَوِيلَةَ، وَاسْتَعَدُّوا لِلْحِصَارِ، وَأَقَامَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ شَهْرَيْنِ وَثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي خِيَمِ مَيْسُورٍ، وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ السَّرَايَا إِلَى كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، فَيَغْنَمُونَ وَيَعُودُونَ، وَأَرْسَلَ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى سُوسَةَ فَفَتَحُوهَا بِالسَّيْفِ، وَقَتَلُوا الرِّجَالَ، وَسَبَوُا النِّسَاءَ، وَأَحْرَقُوهَا، وَشَقُّوا فُرُوجَ النِّسَاءِ، وَبَقَرُوا الْبُطُونَ، حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ فِي إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ مَوْضِعٌ مَعْمُورٌ وَلَا سَقْفٌ مَرْفُوعٌ، وَمَضَى جَمِيعُ مَنْ بَقِيَ إِلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ حُفَاةً عُرَاةً، وَمَنْ تَخَلَّصَ مِنَ السَّبْيِ، مَاتَ جُوعًا وَعَطَشًا. وَفِي آخِرِ رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ مِنْ سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ أَمَرَ الْقَائِمُ بِحَفْرِ الْخَنَادِقِ حَوْلَ أَرْبَاضِ الْمَهْدِيَّةِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى زِيرِي بْنِ مَنَادٍ سَيِّدِ صِنْهَاجَةَ، وَإِلَى سَادَاتِ كُتَامَةَ وَالْقَبَائِلِ يُحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى الِاجْتِمَاعِ بِالْمَهْدِيَّةِ وَقِتَالِ النِّكَارِ، فَتَأَهَّبُوا لِلْمَسِيرِ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of Abū Yazīd's seizure of al-Qayrawān and Raqqādah When Abū Yazīd's companions were routed, that enraged him, and he gathered the multitudes, departed, and marched to fight the Kutāmīs. He reached al-Jazīrah, and the advance guards met, and fighting occurred between them. The advance guards of the Kutāmīs were defeated, and the Berbers pursued them to Raqqādah. Abū Yazīd encamped west of al-Qayrawān with one hundred thousand fighters, and the next day he encamped east of Raqqādah. Its governor, Khalīl, paid no attention to Abū Yazīd and did not care about him, while people came to him and informed him that they [the enemy] were near. He ordered that no one should go out to fight, and he was waiting for the arrival of Maysūr with the army that was with him. When Abū Yazīd learned of that, part of his army advanced against the town, and they began the fighting. A great battle took place between them in which many of the people of al-Qayrawān were killed. They were defeated while Khalīl did not go out with them. The people shouted at him, so he went out reluctantly from the gate of Tunis, and Abū Yazīd advanced. Khalīl fled without fighting, entered al-Qayrawān, went to his house, locked its door, and awaited the arrival of Maysūr. His companions did likewise. The Berbers entered the city, killing and wreaking havoc, and some people fought in the outskirts of the town. Abū Yazīd sent a man from among his companions named Ayyūb al-Zuwaylī to al-Qayrawān with an army. He entered it at the end of Ṣafar, plundered the town, killed, committed great deeds, and besieged Khalīl in his house. Khalīl and those with him surrendered under a pledge of safety. Khalīl was taken to Abū Yazīd, who killed him. The elders of the people of al-Qayrawān went out to Abū Yazīd while he was at Raqqādah, greeted him, and sought safety. He stalled them while his companions were killing and plundering. They renewed their complaint and said, "The city has been ruined." He said, "And what does it matter? Makkah and the Holy House were ruined!" Then he ordered safety. A group of Berbers continued plundering. News reached them of the arrival of Maysūr with a great army. At that point the Berbers left the city out of fear of him. Maysūr approached the city of al-Qayrawān, and news reached al-Qāʾim that some of the Banū Kamlān had corresponded with Abū Yazīd to enable him to seize Maysūr. He wrote to Maysūr informing him and warning him, and ordering him to expel them. They returned to Abū Yazīd and said to him, "If you act quickly, you will capture him." He set out that same day. They met, and the fighting intensified between them. The left wing of Abū Yazīd was routed. When Abū Yazīd saw that, he charged at Maysūr, and Maysūr's companions fled. Maysūr turned his horse, but it stumbled with him, and he fell from it. His companions fought to protect him. The Banū Kamlān whom he had expelled made for him. The fighting then intensified, and Maysūr was killed. His head was carried to Abū Yazīd, and the bulk of his army fled. He sent letters to all the regions informing them of this victory, and Maysūr's head was paraded around al-Qayrawān. News of the defeat reached al-Qāʾim, and he and those with him in al-Mahdiyyah were afraid. Its inhabitants moved from its outskirts to the town, gathered, and sought protection behind its wall. Al-Qāʾim forbade them and promised them victory. They returned to Zawīlah and prepared for the siege. Abū Yazīd remained for two months and eight days in Maysūr's tents, sending out raiding parties to every direction; they took booty and returned. He sent a raiding party to Sūsah, and they took it by the sword, killing the men, taking the women captive, burning it, slitting the women's private parts, and ripping open bellies, until no inhabited place or raised roof remained in Ifrīqiyyah. All who remained went to al-Qayrawān barefoot and naked, and those who escaped captivity died of hunger and thirst. At the end of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir in the year 333 [AH], al-Qāʾim ordered the digging of trenches around the outskirts of al-Mahdiyyah, and he wrote to Zīrī b. Manād, lord of Ṣinhājah, and to the lords of Kutāmah and the tribes, urging them to gather at al-Mahdiyyah and fight the heretics. They prepared to march to al-Qāʾim.
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