Tarikh (al-Tabari) 40

Creation of the jinn and the story of Satan

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِابْنِ صَيَّادٍ: مَا تَرَى ؟ قَالَ: أَرَى عَرْشًا عَلَى الْمَاءِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَكَ. فَعَرَفَ أَنَّ مَادَّةَ مُكَاشَفَتِهِ الَّتِي كَاشَفَهُ بِهَا شَيْطَانِيَّةٌ مُسْتَمَدَّةٌ مِنْ إِبْلِيسَ الَّذِي هُوَ يُشَاهِدُ عَرْشَهُ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ لَهُ اخْسَأْ فَلَنْ تَعْدُوَ قَدْرَكَ. أَيْ: لَنْ تُجَاوِزَ قِيمَتَكَ الدَّنِيَّةَ الْخَسِيسَةَ الْحَقِيرَةَ. وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّ عَرْشَ إِبْلِيسَ عَلَى الْبَحْرِ الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِابْنٍ صَائِدٍ: مَا تَرَى ؟ قَالَ: أَرَى عَرْشًا عَلَى الْمَاءِ. أَوْ قَالَ: عَلَى الْبَحْرِ حَوْلَهُ حَيَّاتٌ. قَالَ ﷺ: ذَاكَ عَرْشُ إِبْلِيسَ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ يَئِسَ أَنْ يَعْبُدَهُ الْمُصَلُّونَ، وَلَكِنْ فِي التَّحْرِيشِ بَيْنَهُمْ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ مُسْلِمٌ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَضَعُ عَرْشَهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ سَرَايَاهُ فِي النَّاسِ فَأَقْرَبُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ مَنْزِلَةً أَعْظَمُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ فِتْنَةً يَجِيءُ أَحَدُهُمْ فَيَقُولُ: مَا زِلْتُ بِفُلَانٍ حَتَّى تَرَكْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ كَذَا وَكَذَا. فَيَقُولُ إِبْلِيسُ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، مَا صَنَعْتَ شَيْئًا. وَيَجِيءُ أَحَدُهُمْ فَيَقُولُ: مَا تَرَكْتُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّقْتُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَيُقَرِّبُهُ وَيُدْنِيهِ وَيَلْتَزِمُهُ، وَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ أَنْتَ. يُرْوَى بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ بِمَعْنَى: نَعَمْ أَنْتَ ذَاكَ الَّذِي تَسْتَحِقُّ الْإِكْرَامَ. وَبِكَسْرِهَا أَيْ: نِعْمَ مِنْكَ. وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ بَعْضُ النُّحَاةِ عَلَى جَوَازِ كَوْنِ فَاعِلِ نَعَمْ مُضْمَرًا، وَهُوَ قَلِيلٌ وَاخْتَارَ شَيْخُنَا الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْحَجَّاجِ الْأَوَّلَ، وَرَجَّحَهُ، وَوَجَّهَهُ بِمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ أَوْرَدْنَا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 102 ]. يَعْنِي: أَنَّ السِّحْرَ الْمُتَلَقَّى عَنِ الشَّيَاطِينِ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ يُتَوَصَّلُ بِهِ إِلَى التَّفْرِقَةِ بَيْنَ الْمُتَآلِفِينَ غَايَةَ التَّآلُفِ الْمُتَوَادِّينَ الْمُتَحَابِّينَ، وَلِهَذَا يَشْكُرُ إِبْلِيسُ سَعْيَ مَنْ كَانَ السَّبَبَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَالَّذِي ذَمَّهُ اللَّهُ يَمْدَحُهُ، وَالَّذِي يَغْضَبُ اللَّهُ يُرْضِيهِ عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ سُورَتَيِ الْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ مُطَّرِدَةً لِأَنْوَاعِ الشَّرِّ وَأَسْبَابِهِ وَغَايَاتِهِ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا سُورَةُ: قُلْ أَعُوَذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ مَلِكِ النَّاسِ إِلَهِ النَّاسِ مِنْ شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ. وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ وعَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ وَاضِعٌ خَطْمَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِ ابْنِ آدَمَ فَإِنْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهَ خَنَسَ، وَإِنْ نَسِيَ الْتَقَمَ قَلْبَهُ فَذَلِكَ الْوَسْوَاسُ الْخَنَّاسُ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ مَطَرَدَةً لِلشَّيْطَانِ عَنِ الْقَلْبِ كَانَ فِيهِ تَذْكَارٌ لِلنَّاسِي، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَاذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ [ الْكَهْفِ: 24 ]. وَقَالَ فَتَى مُوسَى: وَمَا أَنْسَانِيهُ إِلَّا الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ [ الْكَهْفِ: 63 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: فَأَنْسَاهُ الشَّيْطَانُ ذِكْرَ رَبِّهِ [ يُوسُفَ: 42 ]. يَعْنِي السَّاقِي لَمَّا قَالَ لَهُ يُوسُفُ: اذْكُرْنِي عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ. نَسِيَ السَّاقِي أَنْ يَذْكُرَهُ لِرَبِّهِ يَعْنِي مَوْلَاهُ الْمَلِكَ. وَكَانَ هَذَا النِّسْيَانُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ، فَلَبِثَ يُوسُفُ فِي السِّجْنِ بِضْعَ سِنِينَ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ بَعْدَهُ: وَقَالَ الَّذِي نَجَا مِنْهُمَا وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ [ يُوسُفَ: 45 ]. أَيْ: تَذَكَّرَ قَوْلَ يُوسُفَ لَهُ: اذْكُرْنِي عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ. بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ وَقُرِئَ: " بَعْدَ أَمَهٍ " أَيْ نِسْيَانٍ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي قُلْنَا مِنْ أَنَّ النَّاسِيَ هُوَ السَّاقِي هُوَ الصَّوَابُ مِنَ الْقَوْلَيْنِ، بسنده عَنْ عَاصِمٍ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا تَمِيمَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ رَدِيفِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: عَثَرَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِمَارُهُ فَقُلْتُ: تَعِسَ الشَّيْطَانُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: لَا تَقُلْ تَعِسَ الشَّيْطَانُ، فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا قُلْتَ: تَعِسَ الشَّيْطَانُ تَعَاظَمَ، وَقَالَ: بِقُوَّتِي صَرَعْتُهُ. وَإِذَا قُلْتَ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ. تَصَاغَرَ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ مِثْلَ الذُّبَابِ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ، وَهُوَ إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ:إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا كَانَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ جَاءَ الشَّيْطَانُ فَأَبَسَّ بِهِ كَمَا يَبُسُّ الرَّجُلُ بِدَابَّتِهِ فَإِذَا سَكَنَ لَهُ زَنَقَهُ أَوْ أَلْجَمَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: وَأَنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ ذَلِكَ ; أَمَّا الْمَزْنُوقُ فَتَرَاهُ مَائِلًا كَذَا لَا يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ، وَأَمَّا الْمُلْجِمُ فَفَاتِحٌ فَاهُ لَا يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْعَيْنُ حَقٌّ وَيَحْضُرُهَا الشَّيْطَانُ وَحَسَدُ ابْنِ آدَمَ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُحَدِّثُ نَفْسِي بِالشَّيْءِ ; لَأَنَّ أَخِرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي رَدَّ كَيْدَهُ إِلَى الْوَسْوَسَةِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ، زَادَ النَّسَائِيُّ: وَالْأَعْمَشُ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ ذَرٍّ بِهِ. الاستعاذة من الشيطان وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عن أَبي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَأْتِي الشَّيْطَانُ أَحَدَكُمْ فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ خَلَقَ كَذَا ؟ مَنْ خَلَقَ كَذَا ؟ حَتَّى يَقُولَ: مَنْ خَلَقَ رَبَّكَ ؟ فَإِذَا بَلَغَهُ فَلْيَسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ، وَلِيَنْتَهِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا إِذَا مَسَّهُمْ طَائِفٌ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ تَذَكَّرُوا فَإِذَا هُمْ مُبْصِرُونَ [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 201 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَعُوَذُ بِكَ مِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ رَبِّ أَنْ يَحْضُرُونِ [ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: 97 - 98 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِمَّا يَنْزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 200 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ الْقُرْآنَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ سُلْطَانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ إِنَّمَا سُلْطَانُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ [ النَّحْلِ: 98 - 100 ]. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَأَهْلُ السُّنَنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ، وَنَفْخِهِ، وَنَفْثِهِ. وَتَفْسِيرُهُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ: فَهَمْزُهُ الْمَوْتَةُ، وَهُوَ الْخَنْقُ الَّذِي هُوَ الصَّرْعُ، وَنَفْخُهُ الْكِبْرُ، وَنَفْثُهُ الشِّعْرُ. وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْخَلَاءَ قَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ. قَالَ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ: اسْتَعَاذَ مِنْ ذُكْرَانِ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَإِنَاثِهِمْ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنْ أَتَى الْغَائِطَ فَلْيَسْتَتِرْ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجْمَعَ كَثِيبًا فَلْيَسْتَدْبِرْهُ، فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَلْعَبُ بِمَقَاعِدِ بَنِي آدَمَ، مَنْ فَعَلَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ، وَمَنْ لَا، فَلَا حَرَجَ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: قَالَ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ صُرَدٍ اسْتَبَّ رَجُلَانِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ جُلُوسٌ فَأَحَدُهُمَا يَسُبُّ صَاحِبَهُ مُغْضَبًا قَدِ احْمَرَّ وَجْهُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ كَلِمَةً لَوْ قَالَهَا لَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ مَا يَجِدُ، لَوْ قَالَ: أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ ". فَقَالُوا لِلرَّجُلِ: أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا يَقُولُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ! فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ بِمَجْنُونٍ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يَأْكُلُ أَحَدُكُمْ بِشِمَالِهِ وَلَا يَشْرَبُ بِشِمَالِهِ، فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَأْكُلُ بِشِمَالِهِ وَيَشْرَبُ بِشِمَالِهِ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ أَكَلَ بِشِمَالِهِ أَكَلَ مَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ، وَمَنْ شَرِبَ بِشِمَالِهِ شَرِبَ مَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده أَبِي زِيَادٍ الطَّحَّانِ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَجُلًا يَشْرَبُ قَائِمًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " قِهْ ". قَالَ: لِمَ ؟ قَالَ: " أَيَسُرُّكَ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ مَعَكَ الْهِرُّ ؟ ". قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: " فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ شَرِبَ مَعَكَ مَنْ هُوَ شَرُّ مِنْهُ الشَّيْطَانُ ". وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ جَابِرًا: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا دَخَلَ الرَّجُلُ بَيْتَهُ فَذَكَرَ اسْمَ اللَّهِ حِينَ يَدْخُلُ وَحِينَ يَطْعَمُ، قَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَا مَبِيتَ لَكُمْ وَلَا عَشَاءَ هَاهُنَا. وَإِنْ دَخَلَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ دُخُولِهِ، قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُمُ الْمَبِيتَ. وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ عِنْدَ طَعَامِهِ، قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُمُ الْمَبِيتَ وَالْعَشَاءَ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا طَلَعَ حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ فَدَعُوا الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى تَبْرُزَ، وَإِذَا غَابَ حَاجِبُ الشَّمْسِ فَدَعُوا الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى تَغِيبَ، وَلَا تَحَيَّنُوا بِصَلَاتِكُمْ طُلُوعَ الشَّمْسِ وَلَا غُرُوبَهَا، فَإِنَّهَا تَطْلُعُ بَيْنَ قَرْنَيِ الشَّيْطَانِ أَوِ الشَّيَاطِينِ. " لَا أَدْرِي أَيَّ ذَلِكَ " قَالَ هِشَامٌ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عن عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُشِيرُ إِلَى الْمَشْرِقِ، فَقَالَ: هَا إِنَّ الْفِتْنَةَ هَاهُنَا، إِنَّ الْفِتْنَةَ هَاهُنَا، مِنْ حَيْثُ يَطْلُعُ قَرْنُ الشَّيْطَانِ. مجلس الشيطان وَفِي السُّنَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ يَجْلِسَ بَيْنَ الشَّمْسِ وَالظِّلِّ. وَقَالَ إِنَّهُ مَجْلِسُ الشَّيْطَانِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرُوا فِي هَذَا مَعَانِي ; مِنْ أَحْسَنِهَا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ الْجُلُوسُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ فِيهِ تَشْوِيهٌ بِالْخِلْقَةِ فِيمَا يَرَى كَانَ يُحِبُّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ ; لِأَنَّ خِلْقَتَهُ فِي نَفْسِهِ مُشَوَّهَةٌ وَهَذَا مُسْتَقِرٌّ فِي الْأَذْهَانِ، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: طَلْعُهَا كَأَنَّهُ رُءُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ [ الصَّافَّاتِ: 65 ]. الصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ لَا ضَرْبٌ مِنَ الْحَيَّاتِ كَمَا زَعَمَهُ مَنْ زَعْمَهُ مِنَ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَإِنَّ النُّفُوسَ مَغْرُوزٌ فِيهَا قُبْحُ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَحُسْنُ خُلُقِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُشَاهِدُوا، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: طَلْعُهَا كَأَنَّهُ رُءُوسُ الشَّيَاطِينِ، وَقَالَ النِّسْوَةُ لَمَّا شَاهَدْنَ جَمَالَ يُوسُفَ: حَاشَ لِلَّهِ مَا هَذَا بَشَرًا إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا مَلَكٌ كَرِيمٌ [ يُوسُفَ: 45 ]. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا اسْتَجْنَحَ أَوْ كَانَ جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ فَكُفُّوا صِبْيَانَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ تَنْتَشِرُ حِينَئِذٍ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ سَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْعِشَاءِ فَخَلُّوهُمْ، وَأَغْلِقْ بَابَكَ وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَأَطْفِئْ مِصْبَاحَكَ وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَأَوْكِ سِقَاءَكَ وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَخَمِّرْ إِنَاءَكَ وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ اللَّهِ، وَلَوْ تَعْرُضُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَغْلِقُوا أَبْوَابَكُمْ، وَخَمِّرُوا آنِيَتَكُمْ، وَأَوْكُوا أَسْقِيَتَكُمْ، وَأَطْفِئُوا سُرُجَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَا يَفْتَحُ بَابًا مُغْلَقًا، وَلَا يَكْشِفُ غِطَاءً، وَلَا يَحِلُّ وِكَاءً، وَإِنَّ الْفُوَيْسِقَةَ تُضْرِمُ الْبَيْتَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ. يَعْنِي الْفَأْرَةَ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ، وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنِي. فَإِنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ، وَلَمْ يُسَلَّطْ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: يَعْقِدُ الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى قَافِيَةِ رَأْسِ أَحَدِكُمْ إِذَا هُوَ نَامَ ثَلَاثَ عُقَدٍ ; يَضْرِبُ عَلَى كُلِّ عُقْدَةٍ مَكَانَهَا، عَلَيْكَ لَيْلٌ طَوِيلٌ فَارْقُدْ. فَإِنِ اسْتَيْقَظَ فَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ انْحَلَّتْ عُقْدَةٌ، فَإِنْ تَوَضَّأَ انْحَلَّتْ عُقْدَةٌ، فَإِنْ صَلَّى انْحَلَّتْ عُقَدُهُ كُلُّهَا، فَأَصْبَحَ نَشِيطًا طَيِّبَ النَّفْسِ، وَإِلَّا أَصْبَحَ خَبِيثَ النَّفْسِ كَسْلَانَ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ مَنَامِهِ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَلْيَسْتَنْثِرْ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَبِيتُ عَلَى خَيْشُومِهِ . وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجُلٌ نَامَ لَيْلَهُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ. قَالَ: ذَاكَ رَجُلٌ بَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ " أَوْ قَالَ: " فِي أُذُنِهِ. بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا نُودِيَ بِالصَّلَاةِ أَدْبَرَ الشَّيْطَانُ وَلَهُ ضُرَاطٌ، فَإِذَا قُضِيَ أَقْبَلَ، فَإِذَا ثُوِّبَ بِهَا أَدْبَرَ، فَإِذَا قُضِيَ أَقْبَلَ حَتَّى يَخْطُرَ بَيْنَ الْإِنْسَانِ وَقَلْبِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: اذْكُرْ كَذَا وَكَذَا. حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِيَ أَثْلَاثًا صَلَّى أَمْ أَرْبَعًا ؟ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَدْرِ أَثْلَاثًا صَلَّى أَمْ أَرْبَعًا، سَجَدَ سَجْدَتَيِ السَّهْوِ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: رَاصُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ، وَقَارِبُوا بَيْنَهَا، وَحَاذُوا بَيْنَ الْأَعْنَاقِ، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لِأَرَى الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْخُلُ مِنْ خَلَلِ الصَّفِّ كَأَنَّهُ الْحَذْفُ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَحَدِكُمْ شَيْءٌ فَلْيَمْنَعْهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيَمْنَعْهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيُقَاتِلْهُ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْطَانٌ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى صَلَاةً فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ عَرَّضَ لِي فَشَدَّ عَلَيَّ لِقَطْعِ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيَّ، فَأَمْكَنَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْهُ. وَلَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ عِنْدَ تَفْسِيرِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ [ ص: 35 ].

Translation

✧ The Prophet ﷺ said to Ibn Ṣayyād: “What do you see?” He said: “I see a throne upon the water.” The Prophet ﷺ said to him: “Be off! You will never surpass your measure.” Thus he knew that the substance of his unveiling by which he unveiled was satanic, derived from Iblīs, who beholds his throne upon the sea, and for this reason he said to him: “Be off! You will never surpass your measure,” that is, you will never exceed your lowly, base, contemptible worth. The evidence that the throne of Iblīs is upon the sea is the ḥadīth narrated by Imām Aḥmad with his chain from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Ibn Ṣayyād: “What do you see?” He said: “I see a throne upon the water,” or he said: “upon the sea, around it serpents.” He ﷺ said: “That is the throne of Iblīs.” Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Indeed Satan has despaired that the worshippers should worship him, but [he persists] in stirring up enmity among them.” Imām Muslim narrated with his chain from Jābir, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: “Indeed Satan places his throne upon the water, then sends out his detachments among the people. The nearest of them to him in station is the greatest of them in temptation. One of them comes and says: ‘I did not cease with so-and-so until I left him saying such and such.’ Iblīs says: ‘No, by Allah, you did nothing.’ Another of them comes and says: ‘I did not leave him until I separated him from his wife.’ He said: Then he brings him near and draws him close and embraces him, and says: ‘Yes, you are the one.’” It is narrated with fatḥah on the nūn, meaning: yes, you are the one who deserves honor; and with kasrah, meaning: excellent of you. Some grammarians have used it as evidence for the permissibility of the agent of naʿam being implicit, which is rare, and our shaykh al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū al-Ḥajjāj preferred the former and deemed it more correct, and explained it as we have mentioned, and Allah knows best. We have cited this ḥadīth at His saying, Exalted is He: “that by which they cause separation between a man and his wife” [al-Baqarah: 102]. It means that magic received from the devils of mankind and jinn may lead to separation between those who are in utmost harmony, loving and affectionate, and for this reason Iblīs thanks the effort of the one who was the cause of that. Thus the one whom Allah has condemned, he praises; and what angers Allah, he is pleased with—upon him be the curse of Allah. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed the two sūrahs of seeking refuge, repelling all types of evil, its causes, and its ends, especially the sūrah: “Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind, the King of mankind, the God of mankind, from the evil of the retreating whisperer, who whispers in the breasts of mankind, from among jinn and mankind.” It is established in al-Ṣaḥīḥayn from Anas, and in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī from Ṣafiyyah bt. Ḥuyayy, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Indeed Satan runs through the son of Adam like the running of blood.” Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Yaʿlā al-Mawṣilī narrated from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Indeed Satan places his snout upon the heart of the son of Adam. If he remembers Allah, he retreats; and if he forgets, he devours his heart. That is the retreating whisperer.” Since the remembrance of Allah repels Satan from the heart, in it there is a reminding of the forgetful, as He, Exalted is He, said: “And remember your Lord when you forget” [al-Kahf: 24]. And the youth of Mūsā said: “And none made me forget to mention it except Satan” [al-Kahf: 63]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “So Satan made him forget the remembrance of his Lord” [Yūsuf: 42], meaning the cupbearer when Yūsuf said to him: “Mention me in the presence of your lord.” The cupbearer forgot to mention him to his lord, meaning his master the king. This forgetting was from Satan, so Yūsuf remained in prison for several years, and for this reason He said after it: “And the one who was saved of the two said, and remembered after a time” [Yūsuf: 45], that is, he remembered the words of Yūsuf to him: “Mention me in the presence of your lord,” after a period. It was also read: “after amah,” meaning forgetfulness. What we have said, that the forgetful one was the cupbearer, is the correct of the two opinions. With his chain from ʿĀṣim: I heard Abū Tamīmah narrating from the riding companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: The Prophet’s ﷺ donkey stumbled with him, so I said: “May Satan perish!” The Prophet ﷺ said: “Do not say, ‘May Satan perish,’ for when you say, ‘May Satan perish,’ he becomes great and says: ‘By my strength I felled him.’ But if you say, ‘In the name of Allah,’ he becomes small until he is like a fly.” Only Aḥmad narrated it, and its chain is good. Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When one of you is in the mosque, Satan comes and whispers to him as a man whispers to his mount. When it becomes still for him, he reins it or bridles it.” Abū Hurayrah said: “And you see that; as for the reined one, you see him leaning like this, not remembering Allah; and as for the bridled one, he opens his mouth and does not remember Allah, Mighty and Majestic.” Only Aḥmad narrated it. Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “The evil eye is true, and Satan attends it, and the envy of the son of Adam.” Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I speak to myself about something; that I should fall from the sky is dearer to me than that I should utter it.” The Prophet ﷺ said: “Allah is greater! Praise be to Allah, who turned his plot back to whispering.” Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the ḥadīth of Manṣūr; al-Nasāʾī added: and al-Aʿmash, both from Dharr with it. Seeking refuge from Satan: Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Satan comes to one of you and says: ‘Who created such and such? Who created such and such?’ until he says: ‘Who created your Lord?’ When it reaches that, let him seek refuge in Allah and desist.” Allah, Exalted is He, has said: “Indeed those who fear Allah, when an impulse from Satan touches them, they remember, and then they are clear-sighted” [al-Aʿrāf: 201]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And say: My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils, and I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they be present with me” [al-Muʾminūn: 97–98]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “And if an incitement from Satan incites you, then seek refuge in Allah. Indeed He is Hearing, Knowing” [al-Aʿrāf: 200]. And He, Exalted is He, said: “So when you recite the Qurʾān, seek refuge in Allah from Satan the accursed. Indeed, he has no authority over those who believe and rely upon their Lord. His authority is only over those who take him as an ally and those who associate others with Him” [al-Naḥl: 98–100]. Imām Aḥmad and the authors of the Sunan narrated from the ḥadīth of Abū al-Mutawakkil, from Abū Saʿīd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say: “I seek refuge in Allah, the Hearing, the Knowing, from Satan the accursed, from his madness, his puffing, and his spitting.” Its interpretation in the ḥadīth: his madness is death, which is choking, that is epilepsy; his puffing is pride; and his spitting is poetry. It is established in al-Ṣaḥīḥayn from Anas that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the privy, he said: “I seek refuge in Allah from the male and female devils.” Many scholars said: He sought refuge from the male and female devils. Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever goes to relieve himself should conceal himself. If he finds nothing but to gather a heap, let him turn his back to it, for Satan plays with the posteriors of the children of Adam. Whoever does so has done well, and whoever does not, there is no blame.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from ʿAdī b. Thābit, who said: Sulaymān b. Ṣurad said: Two men reviled each other in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ while we were sitting with him. One of them was abusing his companion in anger, his face having turned red. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Indeed I know a word which, if he said it, what he feels would leave him: if he said, ‘I seek refuge in Allah from Satan the accursed.’” So they said to the man: “Do you not hear what the Prophet ﷺ is saying?” He said: “I am not mad.” Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Ibn ʿUmar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Let none of you eat with his left hand or drink with his left hand, for Satan eats with his left hand and drinks with his left hand.” Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from ʿĀʾishah, from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that he said: “Whoever eats with his left hand, Satan eats with him; and whoever drinks with his left hand, Satan drinks with him.” Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū Ziyād al-Ṭaḥḥān: I heard Abū Hurayrah say, from the Prophet ﷺ, that he saw a man drinking standing. He said to him: “Vomit it.” He said: “Why?” He said: “Would it please you that a cat drink with you?” He said: “No.” He said: “Then indeed one worse than it has drunk with you: Satan.” Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Abū al-Zubayr that he asked Jābir: Did you hear the Prophet ﷺ say: “When a man enters his house and mentions the name of Allah upon entering and upon eating, Satan says: ‘There is no lodging for you and no supper here.’ But if he enters and does not mention the name of Allah upon entering, he says: ‘You have caught lodging.’ And if he does not mention the name of Allah upon his food, he says: ‘You have caught lodging and supper.’” He said: Yes. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Hishām b. ʿUrwah, from his father, from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When the edge of the sun appears, refrain from prayer until it is fully visible; and when the edge of the sun disappears, refrain from prayer until it has set. Do not time your prayer with the rising of the sun or its setting, for it rises between the two horns of Satan—or the devils.” Hishām said: “I do not know which of the two.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ pointing toward the east, and he said: “Indeed, the trial is here, indeed the trial is here, from where the horn of Satan rises.” The seat of Satan: In the Sunan, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade sitting between sunlight and shade. He said: “It is the seat of Satan.” They have mentioned meanings for this; among the best is that since sitting in such a place involves distortion of form in what is seen, Satan loves it because his own form is itself distorted, and this is firmly established in minds. For this reason He, Exalted is He, said: “Its emerging fruit is as if it were heads of the devils” [al-Ṣāffāt: 65]. The correct view is that they are the devils, not a kind of serpent, as some interpreters have claimed, and Allah knows best. For souls are innately disposed to regard the forms of devils as ugly and the forms of angels as beautiful, even without seeing them. For this reason He, Exalted is He, said: “Its emerging fruit is as if it were heads of the devils,” and the women said when they saw the beauty of Yūsuf: “Allah forbid! This is no human; this is none but a noble angel” [Yūsuf: 31]. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Jābir, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: “When the night falls or the darkness of night comes, restrain your children, for the devils spread out at that time. When an hour of the evening has passed, let them go. Close your door and mention the name of Allah, extinguish your lamp and mention the name of Allah, tie your waterskin and mention the name of Allah, cover your vessel and mention the name of Allah, even if you place something across it.” Imām Aḥmad said with his chain from Jābir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Close your doors, cover your vessels, tie your waterskins, and extinguish your lamps, for Satan does not open a closed door, does not uncover a covering, and does not untie a tied waterskin. The little vermin sets the house ablaze upon its people,” meaning the mouse. Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “If one of you, when he intends to come to his wife, says: ‘O Allah, keep Satan away from us and keep Satan away from what You have provided me,’ then if a child is decreed between them, Satan will not harm it and will not be given power over it.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab, from Abū Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Satan ties three knots on the back of the head of one of you when he sleeps. He strikes at the place of each knot: ‘You have a long night, so sleep.’ If he wakes and remembers Allah, one knot is undone; if he performs ablution, another knot is undone; if he prays, all his knots are undone, and he arises in the morning energetic and good in spirit; otherwise he arises in the morning evil in spirit and lazy.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: “When one of you wakes from his sleep and performs ablution, let him snuff water into his nostrils three times, for Satan spends the night upon his nostril.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from ʿAbd Allāh, who said: A man was mentioned in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ who slept through the night until morning. He said: “That is a man in whose ears—or in his ear—Satan urinated.” With his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “When the call to prayer is given, Satan retreats, passing wind, and when it is finished, he returns. When the iqāmah is given, he retreats, and when it is finished, he returns until he comes between a man and his heart, saying: ‘Remember such and such, such and such,’ until he does not know whether he prayed three or four. When he does not know whether he prayed three or four, let him prostrate twice for forgetfulness.” Aḥmad said with his chain from Anas b. Mālik that the Prophet ﷺ used to say: “Make your rows straight, bring them close together, and align the necks, for by the One in whose hand is the soul of Muḥammad, I see Satan entering through the gaps of the row as if he were a small black sheep.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Saʿīd, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “If something passes in front of one of you, let him prevent it; if it refuses, let him prevent it; if it refuses, let him fight it, for it is only a devil.” Al-Bukhārī said with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, that he prayed a prayer and then said: “Indeed Satan presented himself to me and pressed upon me to cut off my prayer, and Allah enabled me over him.” Al-Bukhārī’s wording appears in the commentary on His saying, Exalted is He, reporting that Sulaymān ﷺ said: “My Lord, forgive me and grant me a kingdom such as shall not belong to anyone after me. Indeed You are the Bestower” [Ṣād: 35].

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.