Tarikh (al-Tabari) 39
Creation of the jinn and the story of Satan
وَأَمَّا كَافِرُو الْجِنِّ فَمِنْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ، وَمُقَدِّمُهُمُ الْأَكْبَرُ إِبْلِيسُ عَدُوُّ آدَمَ أَبِي الْبَشَرِ، وَقَدْ سَلَّطَهُ هُوَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ عَلَى آدَمَ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَتَكَفَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِعِصْمَةٍ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَ رُسُلَهَ، وَاتَّبَعَ شَرْعَهُ مِنْهُمْ، كَمَا قَالَ: إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ وَكَفَى بِرَبِّكَ وَكِيلًا [ الْإِسْرَاءِ: 65 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَقَدْ صَدَّقَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِبْلِيسُ ظَنَّهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِالْآخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِي شَكٍّ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَفِيظٌ [ سَبَأِ: 20 - 21 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: يَا بَنِي آدَمَ لَا يَفْتِنَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ كَمَا أَخْرَجَ أَبَوَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ يَنْزِعُ عَنْهُمَا لِبَاسَهُمَا لِيُرِيَهُمَا سَوْآتِهِمَا إِنَّهُ يَرَاكُمْ هُوَ وَقَبِيلُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا تَرَوْنَهُمْ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا الشَّيَاطِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 27 ]. وَقَالَ: وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَأٍ مَسْنُونٍ فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ فَسَجَدَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلُّهُمْ أَجْمَعُونَ إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا لَكَ أَلَّا تَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ قَالَ لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَسْجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ خَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ صَلْصَالٍ مِنْ حَمَأٍ مَسْنُونٍ قَالَ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ اللَّعْنَةَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الدِّينِ قَالَ رَبِّ فَأَنْظِرْنِي إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنْظَرِينَ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ قَالَ رَبِّ بِمَا أَغْوَيْتَنِي لَأُزَيِّنَنَّ لَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَأُغْوِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ إِلَّا عِبَادَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِينَ قَالَ هَذَا صِرَاطٌ عَلَيَّ مُسْتَقِيمٌ إِنَّ عِبَادِي لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانٌ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الْغَاوِينَ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمَوْعِدُهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ لَهَا سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ لِكُلِّ بَابٍ مِنْهُمْ جُزْءٌ مَقْسُومٌ [ الْحِجْرِ: 28 - 44 ]. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ تَعَالَى هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ فِي سُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَفِي الْأَعْرَافِ، وَهَاهُنَا، وَفِي سُورَةِ سُبْحَانَ، وَفِي سُورَةِ طه، وَفِي سُورَةِ ص وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَنْظَرَهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَخَّرَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ; مِحْنَةً لِعِبَادِهِ، وَاخْتِبَارًا مِنْهُ لَهُمْ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَنْ يُؤْمِنُ بِالْآخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِي شَكٍّ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَفِيظٌ [ سَبَأِ: 21 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدْتُكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مَا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُصْرِخِيَّ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ وَأُدْخِلَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ تَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَامٌ [ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: 22 - 23 ]. فَإِبْلِيسُ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ حَيٌّ الْآنَ، مُنْظَرٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ بِنَصِّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَلَهُ عَرْشٌ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْبَحْرِ، وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَبْعَثُ سَرَايَاهُ يُلْقُونَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ الشَّرَّ وَالْفِتَنَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 76 ].
Translation
✧ As for the disbelievers among the jinn, among them are the devils (shayāṭīn), and their foremost and greatest is Iblīs, the enemy of Adam, the father of mankind. He (Allah) has given him and his progeny power over Adam and his progeny, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has guaranteed the protection of those among them who believe in Him, affirm His messengers, and follow His law, as He said: "Indeed, My servants—you have no authority over them. And sufficient is your Lord as a Disposer of affairs" [al-Isrāʾ: 65]. And the Exalted said: "And indeed Iblīs proved his assumption true about them, and they followed him, except for a party of the believers. And he had no authority over them except [it was] so that We might make evident those who believe in the Hereafter from those who are in doubt thereof. And your Lord is Guardian over all things" [Sabaʾ: 20–21]. And the Exalted said: "O children of Adam, let not Satan tempt you as he brought your parents out of Paradise, stripping them of their garments to show them their private parts. Indeed, he sees you—he and his tribe—from where you do not see them. Indeed, We have made the devils allies of those who do not believe" [al-Aʿrāf: 27]. And He said: "And [mention] when your Lord said to the angels, 'I am creating a human being from clay, from molded mud. So when I have proportioned him and breathed into him of My spirit, fall down prostrating to him.' Then the angels prostrated, all of them together, except Iblīs; he refused to be with those who prostrated. He said, 'O Iblīs, what is [the matter] with you that you are not with those who prostrate?' He said, 'Never would I prostrate to a human being whom You created from clay, from molded mud.' He said, 'Then get out of it, for indeed you are accursed. And indeed upon you is the curse until the Day of Recompense.' He said, 'My Lord, then reprieve me until the Day they are resurrected.' He said, 'Then indeed, you are of those reprieved until the Day of the time well-known.' He said, 'My Lord, because You have led me astray, I will surely make [disobedience] attractive to them on earth, and I will mislead them all, except, among them, Your chosen servants.' He said, 'This is a path [leading] straight to Me. Indeed, My servants—you have no authority over them, except those who follow you of the deviators. And indeed, Hell is the promised place for them all. It has seven gates; for every gate is of them a portion designated'" [al-Ḥijr: 28–44]. He (the Exalted) has mentioned this story in Sūrat al-Baqarah, in al-Aʿrāf, here (in al-Ḥijr), in Sūrat Subḥān (al-Isrāʾ), in Sūrat Ṭā Hā, and in Sūrat Ṣād. The point is that Allah granted Iblīs respite and delayed him until the Day of Resurrection, as a trial for His servants and a test from Him for them, as the Exalted said: "And he had no authority over them except so that We might make evident those who believe in the Hereafter from those who are in doubt thereof. And your Lord is Guardian over all things" [Sabaʾ: 21]. And the Exalted said: "And Satan will say when the matter has been decided, 'Indeed, Allah promised you a promise of truth, and I promised you and betrayed you. And I had no authority over you except that I invited you, and you responded to me. So do not blame me, but blame yourselves. I cannot be your aider, nor can you be my aiders. Indeed, I disbelieved in your association of me [with Allah] before. Indeed, the wrongdoers will have a painful punishment.' And those who believed and did righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever by permission of their Lord. Their greeting therein will be 'Peace'" [Ibrāhīm: 22–23]. Thus Iblīs, may Allah curse him, is alive now, granted respite until the Day of Resurrection by the explicit text of the Qurʾān, and he has a throne on the face of the sea, and he sits upon it, and he dispatches his troops who cast evil and trials among people. Allah the Exalted has said: "Indeed, the plot of Satan is ever weak" [al-Nisāʾ: 76].
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.