Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3694
The year 311 AH of the Prophetic Hijrah
قَتَلِ الْأَمِيرِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّامَانِيِّ وَوِلَايَةِ وَلَدِهِ نَصْرٍ وَفِي سنة إحدى وثلاثمائة قُتِلَ الْأَمِيرُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ السَّامَانِيُّ صَاحِبُ خُرَاسَانَ وَمَا وَرَاءِ النَّهْرِ، وَكَانَ مُولَعًا بِالصَّيْدِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَى فِرَبْرَ مُتَصَيِّدًا، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ أَمَرَ بِإِحْرَاقِ مَا اشْتَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَسْكَرُهُ، وَانْصَرَفَ، فَوَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ نَائِبِهِ بِطَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَهُوَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ صُعْلُوكٌ، وَكَانَ يَلِيهَا بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ ابْنِ نُوحٍ بِهَا، يُخْبِرُهُ بِظُهُورِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْعَلَوِيِّ الْأُطْرُوشِ بِهَا، وَتَغَلُّبِهِ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَنَّهُ أَخْرَجَهُ عَنْهَا، فَغَمَّ ذَلِكَ أَحْمَدَ، وَعَادَ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِ الَّذِي أَحْرَقَهُ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَتَطَيَّرَ النَّاسُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَكَانَ لَهُ أَسَدٌ يَرْبُطُهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ عَلَى بَابِ مَبِيتِهِ، فَلَا يَجْسُرُ أَحَدٌ [ أَنْ ] يَقْرَبَهُ، فَأَغْفَلُوا إِحْضَارَ الْأَسَدِ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، فَدَخَلَ إِلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ غِلْمَانِهِ، فَذَبَحُوهُ عَلَى سَرِيرِهِ وَهَرَبُوا، وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَحُمِلَ إِلَى بُخَارَى فَدُفِنَ بِهَا، وَلُقِّبَ حِينَئِذٍ بِالشَّهِيدِ وَطُلِبَ أُولَئِكَ الْغِلْمَانُ، فَأُخِذَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَقُتِلَ. وَوَلِيَ الْأَمْرَ بَعْدَهُ وَلَدُهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ نَصْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِي سِنِينَ وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَثَلَاثَةً وَثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا، وَكَانَ مَوْتُهُ فِي رَجَبٍ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَلُقِّبَ بِالسَّعِيدِ، وَبَايَعَهُ أَصْحَابُ أَبِيهِ بِبُخَارَى بَعْدَ دَفْنِ أَبِيهِ وَكَانَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى ذَلِكَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَكَانَ مُتَوَلِّي ( أَمْرِ ) بُخَارَى فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ، وَبَايَعَ لَهُ النَّاسَ، وَلَمَّا حَمَلَهُ خَدَمُ أَبِيهِ لِيَظْهَرَ لِلنَّاسِ خَافَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقْتُلُونِي كَمَا قَتَلْتُمْ أَبِي ؟ فَقَالُوا: ( لَا إِنَّمَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ ) مَوْضِعَ أَبِيكَ أَمِيرًا، فَسَكَنَ رُوعُهُ. وَاسْتَصْغَرَ النَّاسُ نَصْرًا، وَاسْتَضْعَفُوهُ، وَظَنُّوا أَنَّ أَمْرَهُ لَا يَنْتَظِمُ مَعَ قُوَّةِ عَمِّ أَبِيهِ الْأَمِيرِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، وَهُوَ شَيْخُ السَّامَانِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ وَمَيْلُ النَّاسِ بِمَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ سِوَى بُخَارَى إِلَيْهِ وَإِلَى أَوْلَادِهِ، وَتَوَلَّى تَدْبِيرَ دَوْلَةِ السَّعِيدِ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْجَيْهَانِيُّ، فَأَمْضَى الْأُمُورَ وَضَبَطَ الْمَمْلَكَةَ، وَاتَّفَقَ هُوَ وَحَشَمُ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَلَى تَدْبِيرِ الْأَمْرِ فَأَحْكَمُوهُ وَمَعَ هَذَا، فَإِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْأَطْرَافِ طَمِعُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ، فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ النَّوَاحِي عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ. فَمِمَّنْ خَرَجَ عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ أَهْلُ سِجِسْتَانَ، وَعَمُّ أَبِيهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَسَدٍ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ، وَابْنَاهُ مَنْصُورٌ وَإِلْيَاسُ ابْنَا إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَتٍّ، وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمَرْوَرُوذِيُّ، ( وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَيْدٍ ) وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، وَلَيْلَى بْنُ نُعْمَانَ صَاحِبُ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ بِطَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَوَقَّعَهُ سِيمَجُورُ مَعَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ بْنِ النَّاصِرِ، وَقُرَاتِكِينَ، ( وَمَاكَانَ بْنُ كَالِيَّ ) وَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ إِخْوَتُهُ يَحْيَى وَمَنْصُورٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ، أَوْلَادُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَجَعْفَرُ ( بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ )، وَابْنُ دَاوُدَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِلْيَاسَ، وَنَصْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَتٍّ، وَمَرْدَاوِيجُ وَوَشْمَكِيرُ ابْنَا زَيَّارَ، وَكَانَ السَّعِيدُ مُظَفَّرًا مَنْصُوراً عَلَيْهِمْ.
Translation
✧ The killing of the amir Abu Nasr Ahmad b. Ismaʿil al-Samani and the accession of his son Nasr In the year 311, the amir Ahmad b. Ismaʿil b. Ahmad al-Samani, lord of Khurasan and Transoxiana, was killed. He was fond of hunting, so he went out to Firabr to hunt. When he turned back, he ordered the burning of what his army camp contained and departed. Then a letter reached him from his deputy in Tabaristan, who was Abu al-ʿAbbas Suʿluk, who governed it after the death of Ibn Nuh there, informing him of the appearance of al-Hasan b. ʿAli al-ʿAlawi al-Utrush there and his seizing control of it, and that he had expelled him from it. That distressed Ahmad, and he returned to his camp which he had burned and encamped there, so people regarded it as an evil omen. He had a lion which he tied every night at the door of his sleeping place, so that no one dared approach him. They neglected to bring the lion that night, and a group of his ghulams entered upon him, slaughtered him on his bed, and fled. His killing was on Thursday night, with seven nights remaining of Jumada al-Akhirah in the year 311. He was carried to Bukhara and buried there. He was then given the title al-Shahid (the Martyr). Those ghulams were sought, and some of them were seized and killed. After him, authority passed to his son Abu al-Hasan Nasr b. Ahmad, who was eight years old. His reign lasted thirty years and thirty-three days. His death was in Rajab of the year 331, and he was given the title al-Saʿid (the Fortunate). His father's companions pledged allegiance to him in Bukhara after his father's burial. The one who carried this out was Ahmad b. Muhammad b. al-Layth, who was governor of Bukhara. He carried him on his shoulder and the people pledged allegiance to him. When his father's servants carried him to appear before the people, he feared them and said, "Do you want to kill me as you killed my father?" They said, "No, we only want you to be in your father's place as amir." So his fear subsided. People considered Nasr too young and weak, and they thought his affairs would not be orderly given the strength of his father's uncle, the amir Ishaq b. Ahmad, the elder of the Samanids, who was lord of Samarqand, and the inclination of the people of Transoxiana, except Bukhara, toward him and his sons. The administration of the state of al-Saʿid Nasr b. Ahmad was undertaken by Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Jayhani, who executed affairs and controlled the kingdom. He and the retinue of Nasr b. Ahmad agreed on managing the affair and made it firm. Nevertheless, the lords of the outlying regions coveted the lands and rose up from the provinces, as we shall mention. Among those who rebelled against his obedience were the people of Sijistan; his father's uncle Ishaq b. Ahmad b. Asad in Samarqand; his two sons Mansur and Ilyas, sons of Ishaq; Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Matt; Abu al-Hasan b. Yusuf; al-Husayn b. ʿAli al-Marwarudhi; Muhammad b. Hayd; Ahmad b. Sahl; Layla b. Nuʿman, leader of the ʿAlawis in Tabaristan; Simjur, together with Abu al-Hasan b. al-Nasir; Quratakin; Makan b. Kali; and his brothers Yahya, Mansur, and Ibrahim, sons of Ahmad b. Ismaʿil, rebelled against him; also Jaʿfar b. Abi Jaʿfar; Ibn Dawud; Muhammad b. Ilyas; Nasr b. Muhammad b. Matt; Mardawij and Washmakir, sons of Ziyar. Al-Saʿid was victorious and triumphant over them.
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