Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3678
The seizure of Fars by al-Layth and his killing
اسْتِيلَاءِ اللَّيْثِ عَلَى فَارِسَ وَقَتْلِهِ فِي سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ سَارَ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ مِنْ سِجِسْتَانَ إِلَى فَارِسَ [ فِي جَيْشٍ ] وَأَخَذَهَا، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا، وَهَرَبَ سُبْكَرِيٌّ عَنْهَا إِلَى أَرَّجَانَ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ الْمُقْتَدِرَ جَهَّزَ مُؤْنِسًا الْخَادِمَ وَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَى فَارِسَ، مَعُونَةً لِسُبْكَرِيٍّ، فَاجْتَمَعَا بِأَرَّجَانَ. وَبَلَغَ خَبَرُ اجْتِمَاعِهِمَا اللَّيْثَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمَا، فَأَتَاهُ الْخَبَرُ بِمَسِيرِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ مِنْ قُمَّ إِلَى الْبَيْضَاءِ، مَعُونَةً لِمُؤْنِسٍ، فَسَيَّرَ أَخَاهُ فِي بَعْضِ جَيْشِهِ إِلَى شِيرَازَ لِيَحْفَظَهَا، ثُمَّ سَارَ فِي بَعْضِ جُنْدِهِ فِي طَرِيقٍ مُخْتَصَرٍ لِيُوَاقِعَ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ حَمْدَانَ، فَأَخَذَ بِهِ الدَّلِيلُ فِي طَرِيقِ الرَّجَّالَةِ، فَهَلَكَ أَكْثَرُ دَوَابِّهِ، وَلَقِيَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مَشَقَّةً عَظِيمَةً، فَقَتَلَ الدَّلِيلَ، وَعَدَلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الطَّرِيقِ، فَأَشْرَفَ عَلَى عَسْكَرِ مُؤْنِسٍ، فَظَنَّهُ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ أَنَّهُ عَسْكَرُهُ الَّذِي سُيِّرَ مَعَ أَخِيهِ إِلَى شِيرَازَ، فَكَبَّرُوا، فَثَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُؤْنِسٌ وَسُبْكَرِيٌّ فِي جُنْدِهِمَا، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ عَسْكَرُ اللَّيْثِ، وَأُخِذَ هُوَ أَسِيرًا. فَلَمَّا أَسَرَهُ مُؤْنِسٌ قَالَ لَهُ ( أَصْحَابُهُ: إِنَّ ) الْمَصْلَحَةَ أَنْ نَقْبِضَ عَلَى سُبْكَرِيٍّ، وَنَسْتَوْلِيَ عَلَى بِلَادِ فَارِسَ، وَنَكْتُبَ إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ لِيُقِرَّهَا عَلَيْكَ، فَقَالَ: سَأَفْعَلُ غَدًا، إِذَا صَارَ إِلَيْنَا عَلَى عَادَتِهِ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ اللَّيْلُ أَرْسَلَ مُؤْنِسٌ إِلَى سُبْكَرِيٍّ سِرًّا يُعَرِّفُهُ مَا أَشَارَ بِهِ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ إِلَى شِيرَازَ، فَفَعَلَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ مُؤْنِسٌ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: أَرَى سُبْكَرِيًّا قَدْ تَأَخَّرَ عَنَّا، فَتَعَرَّفُوا خَبَرَهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْضُهُمْ، وَعَادَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ سُبْكَرِيًّا سَارَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ إِلَى شِيرَازَ، فَلَامَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَقَالَ: مِنْ جِهَتِكُمْ بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ حَتَّى اسْتَوْحَشَ، وَعَادَ مُؤْنِسٌ وَمَعَهُ اللَّيْثُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، وَعَادَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ إِلَى قُمَّ. ذِكْرُ أَخْذِ فَارِسَ مِنْ سُبْكَرِيٍّ ذِكْرُ أَخْذِ فَارِسَ مِنْ سُبْكَرِيٍّ لَمَّا عَادَ مُؤْنِسٌ عَنْ سُبْكَرِيٍّ اسْتَوْلَى كَاتِبُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَى الْأُمُورِ فَحَسَدَهُ أَصْحَابُ سُبْكَرِيٍّ فَنَقَلُوا عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ كَاتَبَ الْخَلِيفَةَ، وَأَنَّهُ قَدْ حَلَّفَ أَكْثَرَ الْقُوَّادِ لَهُ، فَقَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَيَّدَهُ وَحَبَسَهُ، وَاسْتَكْتَبَ مَكَانَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيَّ، فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْعِصْيَانِ وَمَنْعِ مَا كَانَ يَحْمِلُهُ إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَى ابْنِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَزِيرِ الْخَلِيفَةِ، يَعَرِّفُهُ ذَلِكَ وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا نَهَى سُبْكَرِيًّا عَنِ الْعِصْيَانِ قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ، فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ الْفُرَاتِ إِلَى مُؤْنِسٍ، وَهُوَ بِوَاسِطَ، يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْعَوْدِ إِلَى فَارِسَ، وَيُعَجِّزُهُ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَقْبِضْ عَلَى سُبْكَرِيٍّ، وَيَحْمِلْهُ مَعَ اللَّيْثِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَعَادَ مُؤْنِسٌ إِلَى الْأَهْوَازِ. وَأَرْسَلَ سُبْكَرِيٌّ مُؤْنِسًا، وَهَادَاهُ، وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَوَسَّطَ حَالَهُ مَعَ الْخَلِيفَةِ، فَكَتَبَ فِي أَمْرِهِ، وَبَذَلَ عَنْهُ مَالًا، فَلَمْ يَسْتَقِرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ شَيْءٌ، وَعَلِمَ ابْنُ الْفُرَاتِ أَنَّ مُؤْنِسًا يَمِيلُ إِلَى سُبْكَرِيٍّ، فَأَنْفَذَ وَصِيفًا كَاتِبَهُ، وَجَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ، ( وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ ) جَعْفَرٍ الْفِرْيَابِيَّ، وَعَوَّلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي فَتْحِ فَارِسَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى مُؤْنِسٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِاسْتِصْحَابِ اللَّيْثِ مَعَهُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَعَادَ مُؤْنِسٌ. وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَى فَارِسَ، وَوَاقَعَ سُبْكَرِيًّا عَلَى بَابِ شِيرَازَ فَانْهَزَمَ سُبْكَرِيٌّ إِلَى بُمَّ وَتَحَصَّنُ بِهَا، وَتَبِعَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ وَحَصَرَهُ بِهَا فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ سُبْكَرِيٌّ وَحَارَبَهُ مَرَّةً ثَانِيَةً، فَهَزَمَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ وَنَهَبَ مَالَهُ وَدَخَلَ سُبْكَرِيٌّ مَفَازَةَ خُرَاسَانَ، فَظَفِرَ بِهِ صَاحِبُ خُرَاسَانَ، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ، وَاسْتَوْلَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَى فَارِسَ فَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا فُتَيْحًا خَادِمَ الْأَفْشِينِ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ فَتْحَ فَارِسَ كَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ] .
Translation
✧ The seizure of Fars by al-Layth and his killing In the year two hundred and ninety-seven, al-Layth b. ʿAlī b. al-Layth marched from Sijistān to Fārs [with an army], took it, and gained control over it. Subkarī fled from it to Arrajān. When the news reached al-Muqtadir, he equipped Muʾnis the eunuch and sent him to Fārs as reinforcement for Subkarī, and they joined forces at Arrajān. News of their joining reached al-Layth, so he marched against them. Then news came to him that al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān was marching from Qumm to al-Bayḍāʾ as reinforcement for Muʾnis. He sent his brother with part of his army to Shīrāz to guard it, then he himself marched with part of his troops by a shortcut to engage al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān. The guide led him by the infantry road, and most of his mounts perished. He and his companions endured great hardship, so he killed the guide and turned away from that road. He then came in sight of Muʾnis's camp, and he and his companions thought it was the camp that had been sent with his brother to Shīrāz, so they shouted the takbīr. Muʾnis and Subkarī rose against them with their troops, and they fought a fierce battle. Al-Layth's army was routed, and he himself was taken prisoner. When Muʾnis captured him, his companions said to him, "The right course is to seize Subkarī, take control of the lands of Fārs, and write to the caliph to confirm it to you." He said, "I will do it tomorrow, when he comes to us as is his custom." When night fell, Muʾnis sent secretly to Subkarī, informing him of what his companions had suggested, and ordered him to march that very night to Shīrāz. He did so. When morning came, Muʾnis said to his companions, "I see that Subkarī has delayed coming to us; find out his news." Some of them went and returned to tell him that Subkarī had marched that night to Shīrāz. He blamed his companions and said, "It was through you that the news reached him, so that he became wary." Muʾnis then returned to Baghdādh with al-Layth, and al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān returned to Qumm. Account of the taking of Fārs from Subkarī Account of the taking of Fārs from Subkarī When Muʾnis departed from Subkarī, his secretary ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jaʿfar took control of affairs. Subkarī's companions envied him and reported that he had corresponded with the caliph and had administered oaths to most of the commanders in his favor. So he seized him, put him in chains, and imprisoned him, and appointed Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm al-Taymī as his secretary in his place. He incited him to rebellion and to withholding what he used to send to the caliph, and he did so. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jaʿfar wrote to Ibn al-Furāt, the caliph's vizier, informing him of that and that when he had forbidden Subkarī from rebellion, Subkarī had seized him. Ibn al-Furāt wrote to Muʾnis, who was at Wāsiṭ, ordering him to return to Fārs, rebuking him for not having seized Subkarī and brought him with al-Layth to Baghdādh. Muʾnis returned to al-Ahwāz. Subkarī sent to Muʾnis, gave him gifts, and asked him to mediate his case with the caliph. He wrote on his behalf and offered money for him, but nothing was settled between them. Ibn al-Furāt knew that Muʾnis inclined toward Subkarī, so he dispatched Waṣīf his secretary, a group of commanders, and Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar al-Firyābī, and relied on him to conquer Fārs. He wrote to Muʾnis ordering him to bring al-Layth with him to Baghdādh, and Muʾnis returned. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar marched to Fārs and fought Subkarī at the gate of Shīrāz. Subkarī was routed and fled to Bumm, where he fortified himself. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar pursued him and besieged him there. Subkarī came out and fought him a second time, but Muḥammad defeated him, plundered his property, and Subkarī entered the desert of Khurāsān. The ruler of Khurāsān captured him, as we shall mention. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar took control of Fārs and appointed over it Futayḥ, the servant of al-Afshīn. The correct view is that the conquest of Fārs was in the year two hundred and ninety-eight.
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