Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3666
The deposition of al-Muqtadir and the accession of b. al-Mu'tazz
خَلْعِ الْمُقْتَدِرِ وَوِلَايَةِ ابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ وَفِي سَنَةُ سِتٍّ وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ اجْتَمَعَ الْقُوَّادُ، وَالْقُضَاةُ، وَالْكُتَّابُ، مَعَ الْوَزِيرِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، عَلَى خَلْعِ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ، ( وَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى ابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ ) فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابَهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِيهِ سَفْكُ دَمٍ، وَلَا حَرْبٌ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِاجْتِمَاعِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مُنَازِعٌ وَلَا مُحَارِبٌ. وَكَانَ الرَّأْسَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَأَبُو الْمُثَنَّى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، وَمِنَ الْقُوَّادِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، وَبَدْرٌ الْأَعْجَمِيُّ، وَوَصِيفُ بْنُ صُوَارِتِكِينَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْوَزِيرَ رَأَى أَمَرَهُ صَالِحًا مَعَ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، وَأَنَّهُ عَلَى مَا يُحِبُّ، فَبَدَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَوَثَبَ بِهِ الْآخَرُونَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي تَوَلَّى قَتْلَهُ مِنْهُمُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ، وَبَدْرٌ الْأَعْجَمِيُّ، وَوَصِيفٌ، وَلَحِقُوهُ، وَهُوَ سَائِرٌ إِلَى بُسْتَانٍ لَهُ، فَقَتَلُوهُ فِي طَرِيقِهِ، وَقَتَلُوا مَعَهُ فَاتِكًا الْمُعْتَضِدِيَّ، وَذَلِكَ فِي الْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَخُلِعَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ لِابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ. وَرَكَضَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ إِلَى الْحَلْبَةِ ظَنًّا مِنْهُ أَنَّ الْمُقْتَدِرَ يَلْعَبُ هُنَاكَ بِالْكُرَةِ، فَيَقْتُلَهُ، فَلَمْ يُصَادِفْهُ، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ هُنَاكَ، فَبَلَغَهُ قَتْلُ الْوَزِيرِ وَفَاتِكٍ، فَرَكَّضَ دَابَّتَهُ فَدَخَلَ الدَّارَ، وَغُلِّقَتِ الْأَبْوَابُ، فَنَدِمَ الْحُسَيْنُ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَبْدَأْ بِالْمُقْتَدِرِ. وَأَحْضَرُوا ابْنَ الْمُعْتَزِّ وَبَايَعُوهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي يَتَوَلَّى أَخْذَ الْبَيْعَةِ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَزْرَقُ، وَحَضَرَ النَّاسُ، وَالْقُوَّادُ، وَأَصْحَابُ الدَّوَاوِينِ، سِوَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَخَوَاصِّ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَحْضُرُوا. وَلُقِّبَ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ الْمُرْتَضِيَ بِاللَّهِ، وزراء ابن المعتز وأمره للمقتدر بترك دار الخلافة وَاسْتَوْزَرَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ دَاوُدَ الْجَرَّاحَ، وَقَلَّدَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عِيسَى الدَّوَاوِينَ، وَكُتِبَتِ الْكُتُبُ إِلَى الْبِلَادِ مِنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْمُرْتَضِي بِاللَّهِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ بِاللَّهِ، وَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْمُقْتَدِرِ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالِانْتِقَالِ إِلَى دَارِ ابْنِ طَاهِرٍ الَّتِي كَانَ مُقِيمًا فِيهَا، لِيَنْتَقِلَ هُوَ إِلَى دَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ، فَأَجَابَهُ بِالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، وَسَأَلَ الْإِمْهَالَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ. وَعَادَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَمْدَانَ بُكَرَةَ غَدٍ إِلَى دَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ الْخَدَمُ وَالْغِلْمَانُ وَالرَّجَّالَةُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ السُّتُورِ عَامَّةَ النَّهَارِ، فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ، فَلَمَّا جَنَّهُ اللَّيْلُ سَارَ عَنْ بَغْدَاذَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ وَكُلِّ مَا لَهُ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، لَا يَدْرِي لِمَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَقِيَ مَعَ الْمُقْتَدِرِ مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ غَيْرُ مُؤْنِسٍ الْخَادِمِ، وَمُؤْنِسٍ الْخَازِنِ، وَغَرِيبِ الْخَالِ وَحَاشِيَةِ الدَّارِ. فَلَمَّا هَمَّ الْمُقْتَدِرُ بِالِانْتِقَالِ عَنِ الدَّارِ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: لَا نُسَلِّمُ الْخِلَافَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ نُبْلِيَ عُذْرًا، وَنَجْتَهِدَ فِي دَفْعِ مَا أَصَابَنَا، فَأُجْمِعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَصْعَدُوا فِي الْمَاءِ إِلَى الدَّارِ الَّتِي فِيهَا ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ بِالْحُرَمِ يُقَاتِلُونَهُ، فَأَخْرَجَ لَهُمُ الْمُقْتَدِرُ السِّلَاحَ وَالزَّرَدِيَّاتِ وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَرَكِبُوا السُّمَيْرِيِّاتِ، وَأَصْعَدُوا فِي الْمَاءِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ مَنْ عِنْدَ ابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ هَالَهُمْ كَثْرَتُهُمْ، وَاضْطَرَبُوا وَهَرَبُوا عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَصِلُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ حَمْدَانَ عَرَفَ مَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ فَهَرَبَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، وَهَذِهِ مُوَاطَأَةٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، وَهَذَا كَانَ سَبَبَ هَرَبِهِ. وَلَمَّا رَأَى ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ ذَلِكَ رَكِبَ وَمَعَهُ وَزِيرُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ وَهَرَبَا، وَغُلَامٌ لَهُ يُنَادِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْعَامَّةِ، ادْعُوا لِخَلِيفَتِكُمُ السُّنِّيِّ الْبَرْبَهَارِيِّ، وَإِنَّمَا نُسِبَتْ هَذِهِ النِّسْبَةُ لِأَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَرْبَهَارِيَّ كَانَ مُقَدَّمَ الْحَنَابِلَةِ وَالسُّنَّةِ مِنَ الْعَامَّةِ، وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا اعْتِقَادٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَأَرَادَ اسْتِمَالَتَهُمْ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ الْمُعْتَزِّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ سَارُوا نَحْوَ الصَّحْرَاءِ، ظَنًّا مِنْهُمْ أَنَّ مَنْ بَايَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ يَتْبَعُونَهُ، فَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، فَكَانُوا عَزَمُوا أَنْ يَسِيرُوا إِلَى سُرَّ مَنْ رَأَى بِمَنْ يَتْبَعُهُمْ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ، فَيَشْتَدَّ سُلْطَانُهُمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ أَحَدٌ رَجَعُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ الرَّأْيِ، وَاخْتَفَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ ( فِي دَارِهِ ) وَنَزَلَ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ عَنْ ( دَابَّتِهِ ) وَمَعَهُ غُلَامُهُ يُمْنٌ، وَانْحَدَرَ إِلَى دَارِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْجَصَّاصِ، فَاسْتَجَارَ بِهِ، وَاسْتَتَرَ أَكْثَرُ مَنْ بَايَعَ ابْنَ الْمُعْتَزِّ، وقوع الفتنة والنهب والقتل ببغداد وَوَقَعَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ وَالنَّهْبُ وَالْقَتْلُ بِبَغْدَاذَ، وَثَارَ الْعَيَّارُونَ وَالسِّفْلُ يَنْهَبُونَ الدُّورَ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَمْرَوَيْهِ، صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ، مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ ابْنَ الْمُعْتَزِّ، فَلَمَّا هَرَبَ جَمَعَ ابْنُ عَمْرَوَيْهِ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَنَادَى بِشِعَارِ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، يُدَلِّسُ بِذَلِكَ فَنَادَاهُ الْعَامَّةُ: يَا مُرَائِي، يَا كَذَّابُ ! وَقَاتَلُوهُ، فَهَرَبَ وَاسْتَتَرَ، وَتَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَهَجَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بِأَبْيَاتٍ مِنْهَا: بَايَعُوهُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ الْأَنْ وُكِ إِلَّا التَّغْيِيرُ وَالتَّخْبِيطُ رَافِضِيُّونَ بَايَعُوا أَنْصَبَ الْأُ مَّةِ هَذَا لَعَمْرِيَ التَّخْلِيطُ ثُمَّ وَلَّى مِنْ زَعْقَةٍ وَمُحَامُو هُ وَمَنْ خَلْفَهُمْ لَهُمْ تَضْرِيطُ وَقَلَّدَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ، تِلْكَ السَّاعَةَ، الشُّرْطَةَ مُؤْنِسًا الْخَازِنَ، وَهُوَ غَيْرُ مُؤْنِسٍ الْخَادِمِ، وَخَرَجَ بِالْعَسْكَرِ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى وَصِيفِ بْنِ صُوَارِتِكِينَ وَغَيْرِهِ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى الْقَاضِي أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَعَلِيَّ بْنِ عِيسَى، وَالْقَاضِي مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَلَفٍ وَكِيعٍ، ثُمَّ أَطْلَقَهُمْ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى الْقَاضِي الْمُثَنَّى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، فَقَتَلَهُ لِأَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: بَايِعِ الْمُقْتَدِرَ، فَقَالَ: لَا أُبَايِعُ صَبِيًّا، فَذُبِحَ. وَأَرْسَلَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَكَانَ مُخْتَفِيًا، فَأَحْضَرَهُ، وَاسْتَوْزَرَهُ، وَخَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَادِثَةِ عَجَائِبُ مِنْهَا: أَنَّ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى خَلْعِ الْمُقْتَدِرِ وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ، فَلَمْ يَتِمَّ ذَلِكَ، بَلْ كَانَ عَلَى الْعَكْسِ مِنْ إِرَادَتِهِمْ، وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا. وَمِنْهَا أَنَّ ابْنَ حَمْدَانَ، عَلَى شِدَّةِ تَشَيُّعِهِ وَمَيْلِهِ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، يَسْعَى فِي الْبَيْعَةِ لِابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ عَلَى انْحِرَافِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَغُلُوِّهِ فِي النَّصْبِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ خَادِمًا لِابْنِ الْجَصَّاصِ، يُعْرَفُ بِسَوْسَنَ، أَخْبَرَ صَافِيًا الْحُرَمِيَّ بِأَنَّ ابْنَ الْمُعْتَزِّ عِنْدَ مَوْلَاهُ، وَمَعَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، فَكُبِسَتْ دَارُ ابْنِ الْجَصَّاصِ، وَأُخِذَ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ مِنْهَا، وَحُبِسَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، وَعُصِرَتْ خُصْيَتَاهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ، وَلُفَّ فِي كِسَاءٍ، وَسُلِّمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ. وَصُودِرَ ابْنُ الْجَصَّاصِ عَلَى مَالٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَأُخِذَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ وَزِيرُ ابْنِ الْمُعْتَزِّ، وَكَانَ مُسْتَتِرًا، فَقُتِلِ، وَنُفِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى إِلَى وَاسِطَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْوَزِيرِ ابْنِ الْفُرَاتِ يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ فِي الْمَسِيرِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا. وَصُودِرَ الْقَاضِي أَبُو عُمَرَ عَلَى مِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَسُيِّرَتِ الْعَسَاكِرُ مِنْ بَغْدَاذَ فِي طَلَبِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ فَتَبِعُوهُ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، ثُمَّ إِلَى بَلَدٍ فَلَمْ يَظْفَرُوا بِهِ فَعَادُوا إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ ( فَكَتَبَ الْوَزِيرُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْهَيْجَاءِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ، وَهُوَ الْأَمِيرُ عَلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، يَأْمُرُهُ بِطَلَبِهِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ إِلَى بَلَدٍ، فَفَارَقَهَا الْحُسَيْنُ إِلَى سِنْجَارَ وَأَخُوهُ فِي أَثَرِهِ، فَدَخَلَ الْبَرِّيَّةَ فَتَبِعَهُ أَخُوهُ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا فَظَفِرَ أَبُو الْهَيْجَاءِ، وَأُسِرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَأُخِذَ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ، وَعَادَ عَنْهُ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فَوْقَ تَكْرِيتَ أَدْرَكَهُ أَخُوهُ الْحُسَيْنُ، فَبَيَّتَهُ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ قَتْلَى، وَانْحَدَرَ أَبُو الْهَيْجَاءِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ. وَأَرْسَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ إِلَى ابْنِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَزِيرِ الْمُقْتَدِرِ، يَسْأَلُهُ الرِّضَى عَنْهُ، فَشَفَعَ فِيهِ إِلَى الْمُقْتَدِرِ بِاللَّهِ لِيَرْضَى عَنْهُ، وَعَنْ ) إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ كَيْغَلَغَ، وَابْنِ عَمْرَوَيْهِ صَاحِبِ الشُّرْطَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، ( فَرَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ، وَدَخَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ بَغْدَاذَ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَخُوهُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ، وَأَقَامَ الْحُسَيْنُ بِبَغْدَاذَ إِلَى أَنْ وَلِيَ قُمَّ فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا )، وَأَخَذَ الْجَرَائِدَ الَّتِي فِيهَا أَسْمَاءُ مَنْ أَعَانَ عَلَى الْمُقْتَدِرِ، فَغَرَّقَهَا فِي دِجْلَةَ. وَبَسَطَ ابْنُ الْفُرَاتِ الْعَدْلَ وَالْإِحْسَانَ وَأَخْرَجَ الْإِدْرَارَاتِ لِلْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ وَالطَّالِبِيِّينَ، وَأَرْضَى الْقُوَّادَ بِالْأَمْوَالِ، فَفَرَّقَ مُعْظَمَ مَا كَانَ فِي بُيُوتِ الْأَمْوَالِ. قَالَ الْمُعَافَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْجَرِيرِيُّ: (لَمَّا خُلِعَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ وَبُويِعَ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ... دَخَلُوا عَلَى شَيْخِنَا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، فَقَالَ: مَا الْخَبَرُ ؟ قِيلَ: بُويِعَ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَزِّ، قَالَ: فَمَنْ رُشِّحَ لِلْوَزَارَةِ ؟ قِيلَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: فَمَنْ ذُكِرَ لِلْقَضَاءِ ؟ قِيلَ: أَبُو الْمُثَنَّى. فَأَطْرَقَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَذَا أَمْرٌ لَا يَتِمُّ، قِيلَ لَهُ: وَكَيْفَ ؟ قَالَ: كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِمَّنْ سَمَّيْتُمْ مُتَقَدِّمٌ فِي مَعْنَاهُ، عَالِي الرُّتْبَةِ، وَالزَّمَانُ مُدْبِرٌ، وَالدُّنْيَا مُوَلِّيَةٌ، وَمَا أَرَى هَذَا إِلَّا إِلَى اضْمِحْلَالٍ، وَمَا أَرَى لِمُدَّتِهِ طُولًا ). وقَالَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ: وَلَا يُعْرَفُ خَلِيفَةٌ خُلِعَ ثُمَّ أُعِيدَ سِوَى الْأَمِينِ وَالْمُقْتَدِرِ.
Translation
✧ The Deposition of al-Muqtadir and the Accession of Ibn al-Muʿtazz In the year two hundred and ninety-six [AH], the commanders, judges, and secretaries gathered with the vizier al-ʿAbbās b. al-Ḥasan to depose al-Muqtadir and pledge allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz. They sent to Ibn al-Muʿtazz about that, and he answered them on the condition that there be no shedding of blood and no fighting. They informed him of their consensus upon him and that they had no contender or combatant. The leading figures in that were al-ʿAbbās b. al-Ḥasan, Muḥammad b. Dāwūd b. al-Jarrāḥ, Abū al-Muthannā Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb the judge, and from the commanders al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān, Badr al-Aʿjamī, and Waṣīf b. Ṣuwārtikīn. Then the vizier considered his position with al-Muqtadir to be sound, and that he was in a state he liked, so he had second thoughts about it. The others attacked him and killed him. Those who carried out his killing were al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān, Badr al-Aʿjamī, and Waṣīf. They caught up with him while he was going to one of his orchards and killed him on his way, and they killed with him Fātik al-Muʿtaḍidī. That was on the twentieth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. Al-Muqtadir was deposed the next day, and the people pledged allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz. Al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān galloped to the polo ground, thinking that al-Muqtadir was playing polo there, so that he could kill him, but he did not find him. He had been there, but news of the killing of the vizier and Fātik reached him, so he spurred his mount and entered the palace, and the doors were shut. Al-Ḥusayn regretted that he had not started with al-Muqtadir. They brought Ibn al-Muʿtazz and pledged allegiance to him as caliph. The one who took charge of receiving the oath of allegiance for him was Muḥammad b. Saʿīd al-Azraq. The people, the commanders, and the officials of the bureaus attended, except Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Furāt and al-Muqtadir's close associates, for they did not attend. Ibn al-Muʿtazz was given the title al-Murtaḍī bi-llāh. The viziers of Ibn al-Muʿtazz and his order to al-Muqtadir to leave the caliphal palace. He appointed Muḥammad b. Dāwūd al-Jarrāḥ as vizier, and he entrusted ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā with the bureaus. Letters were written to the provinces from the Commander of the Faithful al-Murtaḍī bi-llāh Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtazz bi-llāh. He sent to al-Muqtadir ordering him to move to the house of Ibn Ṭāhir where he had been residing, so that he himself could move to the caliphal palace. He answered with hearing and obedience and asked for a delay until nightfall. Al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān returned the next morning to the caliphal palace. The servants, pages, and foot soldiers fought him from behind the curtains for most of the day, and he withdrew from them at the end of the day. When night fell, he set out from Baghdād with his family, his wealth, and all that he had to al-Mawṣil, not knowing why he did that. There remained with al-Muqtadir of the commanders only Muʾnis the servant, Muʾnis the treasurer, Gharīb al-Khāl, and the palace retinue. When al-Muqtadir was about to move from the palace, some of them said to one another: "We will not surrender the caliphate without offering an excuse and striving to repel what has befallen us." They agreed to go up the river to the palace where Ibn al-Muʿtazz was with the women and fight him. Al-Muqtadir brought out weapons, mail shirts, and other things for them, and they boarded the samīriyyāt boats and went up the river. When those with Ibn al-Muʿtazz saw them, their great number alarmed them, and they became agitated and fled in all directions before they reached them. Some of them said to one another: "Al-Ḥasan b. Ḥamdān knew what was going to happen and fled during the night, and this is a conspiracy between him and al-Muqtadir; that was the reason for his flight." When Ibn al-Muʿtazz saw that, he mounted, with his vizier Muḥammad b. Dāwūd, and they fled, while a page of his called out before him: "O common people, pray for your Sunnī caliph, al-Barbahārī!" This attribution was because al-Ḥusayn b. al-Qāsim b. ʿUbayd Allāh al-Barbahārī was the leader of the Ḥanbalīs and the Sunnīs among the common people, and they had great reverence for him, so he wanted to win them over with this statement. Then Ibn al-Muʿtazz and those with him went toward the open desert, thinking that those of the army who had pledged allegiance to him would follow him, but none of them joined him. They had resolved to go to Surra man raʾā with whoever of the army followed them, so that their authority would grow strong. When they saw that no one came to them, they abandoned that plan. Muḥammad b. Dāwūd hid in his house, and Ibn al-Muʿtazz dismounted from his mount, with his page Yumn, and went down to the house of Abū ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jaṣṣāṣ, seeking his protection, and most of those who had pledged allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz went into hiding. The outbreak of civil strife, looting, and killing in Baghdād. Civil strife, looting, and killing broke out in Baghdād, and the ʿayyārūn and the lowly rose up looting the houses. Ibn ʿAmrawayh, the chief of police, was among those who had pledged allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz. When he fled, Ibn ʿAmrawayh gathered his companions and proclaimed the slogan of al-Muqtadir, dissimulating with that. The common people shouted at him: "O hypocrite, O liar!" and fought him, so he fled and hid, and his companions dispersed. Yaḥyā b. ʿAlī satirized him with verses, including: They pledged allegiance to him, but what they had was only alteration and confusion. Rāfiḍīs pledged allegiance to the most hostile of the community; this, by my life, is mixing. Then he fled from a shout, and his defenders and those behind them let out flatulence. Al-Muqtadir immediately appointed Muʾnis the treasurer as chief of police—he is not Muʾnis the servant—and he went out with the army, seized Waṣīf b. Ṣuwārtikīn and others, and killed them. He arrested the judge Abū ʿUmar, ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā, and the judge Muḥammad b. Khalaf Wakīʿ, then released them. He arrested the judge al-Muthannā Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb and killed him, because it was said to him: "Pledge allegiance to al-Muqtadir," and he said: "I will not pledge allegiance to a boy," so he was slaughtered. Al-Muqtadir sent to Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Furāt, who had been in hiding, and summoned him, appointed him vizier, and bestowed a robe of honor upon him. In this incident there were wonders, among them: that all the people unanimously agreed to depose al-Muqtadir and pledge allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz, but that did not come to pass; rather, it was the opposite of their intention, and the command of God was accomplished. Among them: that Ibn Ḥamdān, despite his intense Shīʿism and inclination toward ʿAlī ﷺ and his family, strove for the allegiance to Ibn al-Muʿtazz despite his aversion to ʿAlī and his extreme hostility, and so on. Then a servant of Ibn al-Jaṣṣāṣ known as Sawsan informed Ṣāfī al-Ḥuramī that Ibn al-Muʿtazz was at his master's house, and with him a group, so the house of Ibn al-Jaṣṣāṣ was raided, and Ibn al-Muʿtazz was taken from it and imprisoned until nightfall. His testicles were squeezed until he died, and he was wrapped in a cloak and handed over to his family. Ibn al-Jaṣṣāṣ was fined a large sum of money. Muḥammad b. Dāwūd, the vizier of Ibn al-Muʿtazz, was seized; he had been in hiding, and he was killed. ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā was exiled to Wāsiṭ. He sent to the vizier Ibn al-Furāt asking him to permit him to travel to Makkah. He permitted that, so he traveled there by way of al-Baṣrah and stayed there. The judge Abū ʿUmar was fined one hundred thousand dinars. Armies were dispatched from Baghdād in pursuit of al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān, and they followed him to al-Mawṣil, then to Balad, but did not catch him, so they returned to Baghdād. The vizier wrote to his brother Abū al-Hayjāʾ b. Ḥamdān, who was the governor of al-Mawṣil, ordering him to seek him. He went after him to Balad, but al-Ḥusayn left it for Sinjār with his brother on his track. He entered the desert, and his brother pursued him for ten days and caught up with him. They fought, and Abū al-Hayjāʾ prevailed. Some of his companions were taken prisoner, and ten thousand dinars were taken from him. He returned from him to al-Mawṣil, then went down to Baghdād. When he was above Takrīt, his brother al-Ḥusayn caught up with him and attacked him by night, killing some of his men. Abū al-Hayjāʾ descended to Baghdād. Al-Ḥusayn sent to Ibn al-Furāt, the vizier of al-Muqtadir, asking him to intercede for him. He interceded for him with al-Muqtadir bi-llāh so that he would be pleased with him, and also for Ibrāhīm b. Kayghalagh, Ibn ʿAmrawayh the chief of police, and others. He was pleased with them. Al-Ḥusayn entered Baghdād, and his brother returned to him what he had taken from him. Al-Ḥusayn stayed in Baghdād until he was appointed to Qumm, and he went there. He took the registers containing the names of those who had helped against al-Muqtadir and drowned them in the Tigris. Ibn al-Furāt extended justice and benevolence, distributed stipends to the ʿAbbāsids and the Ṭālibids, and satisfied the commanders with money, distributing most of what was in the treasuries. Al-Muʿāfā b. Zakariyyā al-Jarīrī said: "When al-Muqtadir was deposed and Ibn al-Muʿtazz was given allegiance... they went in to our shaykh Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī, and he said: 'What is the news?' It was said: 'Ibn al-Muʿtazz has been given allegiance.' He said: 'Who has been nominated for the vizierate?' It was said: 'Muḥammad b. Dāwūd.' He said: 'Who has been mentioned for the judiciary?' It was said: 'Abū al-Muthannā.' He bowed his head, then said: 'This matter will not be completed.' It was said to him: 'How so?' He said: 'Each of those you named is eminent in his field, of high rank, but the age is in decline, and the world is turning away. I see this only ending in dissolution, and I do not see its duration being long.'" Ibn al-Jawzī said: "No caliph is known to have been deposed and then restored except al-Amīn and al-Muqtadir."
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