Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3646
The year 291 AH
أَخْبَارِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ، وَقَتْلِ صَاحِبِ الشَّامَةِ في سَنَةُ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مَسِيرَ الْمُكْتَفِي إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ، وَإِرْسَالَهُ الْجُيُوشَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الشَّامَةِ، وَتَوْلِيَةَ حَرْبِ صَاحِبِ الشَّامَةِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ الْكَاتِبَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةُ أَمَرَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بِمُنَاهَضَةِ صَاحِبِ الشَّامَةِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ عَسَاكِرُ الْخَلِيفَةِ، حَتَّى لَقُوهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ بِمَكَانٍ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَبَيْنَ حَمَاةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ مِيلًا لِسِتٍّ خَلَوْنَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ، فَقَدَّمَ الْقَرْمَطِيُّ أَصْحَابَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَبَقِيَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، مَعَهُ مَالٌ كَانَ جَمَعَهُ، وَسَوَادُ عَسْكَرِهِ، وَالْتَحَمَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِ الْخَلِيفَةِ، وَالْقَرَامِطَةِ، وَاشْتَدَّتْ، وَانْهَزَمَتِ الْقَرَامِطَةُ، وَقُتِّلُوا كُلَّ قِتْلَةٍ وَأُسِرَ ( مِنْ رِجَالِهِمْ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ )، وَتَفَرَّقَ الْبَاقُونَ فِي الْبَوَادِي، وَتَبِعَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْخَلِيفَةِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى صَاحِبُ الشَّامَةِ مَا نَزَلَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ حَمَّلَ أَخًا لَهُ يُكَنَّى أَبَا الْفَضْلِ مَالًا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَلْحَقَ بِالْبَوَادِي إِلَى أَنْ يَظْهَرَ بِمَكَانٍ فَيَسِيرَ إِلَيْهِ، وَرَكِبَ هُوَ وَابْنُ عَمِّهِ الْمُسَمَّى بِالْمُدَّثِّرِ، وَالْمُطَوَّقُ صَاحِبُهُ، وَغُلَامٌ لَهُ رُومِيٌّ، [ وَأَخَذَ دَلِيلًا ] وَسَارَ يُرِيدُ الْكُوفَةَ عَرْضًا فِي الْبَرِّيَّةِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى الدَّالِيَةِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَقَدْ نَفَدَ مَا مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الزَّادِ وَالْعَلَفِ، فَوَجَّهَ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى الدَّالِيَةِ الْمَعْرُوفَةِ بِابْنِ طَوْقٍ لِيَشْتَرِيَ لَهُمْ مَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَنْكَرُوا رَأْيَهُ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ حَالِهِ فَكَتَمَهُ، فَرَفَعُوهُ إِلَى مُتَوَلِّي تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةِ خَلِيفَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَشْمَرْدَ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ خَبَرِهِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الشَّامَةِ خَلْفَ رَابِيَةٍ هُنَاكَ مَعَ ثَلَاثَةِ نَفَرٍ، فَمَضَى إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَخَذَهُمْ، وَأَحْضَرَهُمْ عِنْدَ ابْنِ كَشْمَرْدَ، فَوَجَّهَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمُكْتَفِي بِالرَّقَّةِ، وَرَجَعَتِ الْجُيُوشُ مِنَ الطَّلَبِ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَتَلُوا وَأَسَرُوا، وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ أَثَرًا فِي الْحَرْبِ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ حَمْدَانَ، وَكَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى بَنِي شَيْبَانَ، فَإِنَّهُمُ اصْطَلَوْا الْحَرْبَ، وَهَزَمُوا الْقَرَامِطَةَ، وَأَكْثَرُوا الْقَتْلَ فِيهِمْ وَالْأَسْرَ، حَتَّى لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ. وَفِي يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ لِأَرْبَعٍ بَقِينَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ أُدْخِلَ صَاحِبُ الشَّامَةِ الرَّقَّةَ ظَاهِرًا لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى فَالِجٍ، وَهُوَ الْجَمَلُ ذُو السَّنَامَيْنِ، وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ الْمُدَّثِّرُ وَالْمُطَوَّقُ وَسَارَ الْمُكْتَفِي إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ وَمَعَهُ صَاحِبُ الشَّامَةِ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَخَلَّفَ الْعَسَاكِرَ مَعَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَأُدْخِلَ الْقَرْمَطِيُّ بَغْدَاذَ عَلَى فِيلٍ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى الْجَمَلِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ الْمُكْتَفِي بِحَبْسِهِمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَقْدَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، فَقَدِمَ بَغْدَاذَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَقْصَى فِي طَلَبِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ، فَظَفِرَ بِجَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَعْيَانِهِمْ وَرُءُوسِهِمْ، فَأَمَرَ الْمُكْتَفِي بِقَطْعِ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَأَرْجُلِهِمْ، وَضَرْبِ أَعْنَاقِهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَأُخْرِجُوا مِنَ الْحَبْسِ، وَفُعِلَ بِهِمْ ذَلِكَ، وَضُرِبَ صَاحِبُ الشَّامَةِ مِائَتَيْ سَوْطٍ، وَقُطِعَتْ يَدَاهُ، وَكُوِيَ، فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَخَذُوا خَشَبًا وَجَعَلُوا فِيهِ نَارًا، وَوَضَعُوهُ عَلَى خَوَاصِرِهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَفْتَحُ عَيْنَهُ وَيُغْمِضُهَا، فَلَمَّا خَافُوا مَوْتَهُ ضَرَبُوا عُنُقَهُ، وَرَفَعُوا رَأْسَهُ عَلَى خَشَبَةٍ، فَكَبَّرَ النَّاسُ لِذَلِكَ، وَنُصِبَ عَلَى الْجِسْرِ. وَفِيهَا قَدِمَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْعُلَيْصِ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ، يُسَمَّى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ، وَكَانَ نَجَا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْ رُؤَسَائِهِمْ غَيْرُهُ، فَكَاتَبَهُ الْمُكْتَفِي وَبَذَلَ لَهُ الْأَمَانَ، فَحَضَرَ فِي الْأَمَانِ هُوَ وَنَيِّفٌ ( وَمِائَةٌ ) وَسِتُّونَ نَفْسًا، فَأُمِّنُوا وَأُحْسِنَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَوُصِلُوا بِمَالٍ، وَصَارُوا إِلَى رَحْبَةِ مَالِكِ بْنِ طَوْقٍ مَعَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سِيمَا، وَهِيَ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ، فَأَقَامُوا مَعَهُ مُدَّةً، ثُمَّ أَرَادُوا الْغَدْرَ بِالْقَاسِمِ، وَعَزَمُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَثِبُوا بِالرَّحْبَةِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ عِنْدَ اشْتِغَالِ النَّاسِ بِالصَّلَاةِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ صَارَ مَعَهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ، فَعَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ، فَارْتَدَعَ مَنْ كَانَ بَقِيَ مِنْ مَوَالِي بَنِي الْعُلَيْصِ، وَذَلُّوا، وَأُلْزِمُوا السَّمَاوَةَ، حَتَّى جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابٌ مِنَ الْخَبِيثِ زِكْرَوَيْهِ يُعْلِمُهُمْ أَنَّهُ مِمَّا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ صَاحِبَ الشَّامَةِ، وَأَخَاهُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالشَّيْخِ يُقْتَلَانِ، وَأَنَّ إِمَامَهُ الَّذِي هُوَ حَيٌّ يَظْهَرُ بَعْدَهُمَا وَيَظْفَرُ. وَمِنْ شِعْرِ الصُّولِيِّ يَمْدَحُ الْمُكْتَفِيَ الْخَلِيفَةَ وَيَذْكُرُ الْقُرْمُطِيَّ: كُفِيَ الْمُكْتَفِي الْخَلِيـ ـفَةُ مَا كَانَ قَدْ حَذِرْ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: آلَ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْتُمُ سَادَةُ النَّاسِ وَالْغُرَرْ حَكَمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ حُكَمَاءُ عَلَى الْبَشَرْ وَأُولُو الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ صَفْوَةُ اللَّهِ وَالْخِيَرْ مَنْ رَأَى أَنَّ مُؤْمِنًا مَنْ عَصَاكُمْ فَقَدْ كَفَرْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ذَاكُمْ قَبْلُ فِي مُحْكَمِ السُّوَرْ
Translation
✧ Reports about the Qarāmiṭa and the killing of the Man of the Mole in the year 291 AH We have already mentioned al-Muktafī's march to al-Raqqa, his dispatch of armies against the Man of the Mole, and the appointment of Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Kātib to command the war against the Man of the Mole. When this year came, he ordered Muḥammad b. Sulaymān to engage the Man of the Mole. The caliph's troops marched against him until they met him and his companions at a place between them and Ḥamāh, twelve miles away, on the sixth of al-Muḥarram. The Qarmaṭī sent his companions forward against them, while he remained with a group of his companions, together with the wealth he had collected and the main body of his army. Battle was joined between the caliph's men and the Qarāmiṭa and grew fierce. The Qarāmiṭa were routed and killed in every manner, and a great number of their men were taken captive. The rest fled into the deserts, and the caliph's men pursued them. When the Man of the Mole saw what had befallen his companions, he loaded a brother of his, called Abū al-Faḍl, with wealth and ordered him to make for the deserts until he appeared at some place, whereupon he would go to him. He himself rode off with his paternal cousin, called al-Mudaththir, al-Muṭawwaq, his companion, and a Byzantine slave of his, [and took a guide] and traveled, aiming for al-Kūfa cross-country through the wilderness. He reached al-Dāliya in the district of the Euphrates, and their provisions and fodder were exhausted. He sent one of his companions to the estate known as Ibn Ṭawq's to buy what they needed. They found him suspicious, questioned him about his situation, and he concealed it. So they brought him to the governor of that area, the deputy of Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Kashmard. He asked him about his story, and he informed him that the Man of the Mole was behind a hill there with three other men. He went to them, seized them, and brought them before Ibn Kashmard, who sent them to al-Muktafī in al-Raqqa. The armies returned from pursuit after killing and capturing many. The man who had the greatest effect in the battle was al-Ḥusayn b. Ḥamdān. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān wrote praising him and the Banū Shaybān, for they bore the brunt of the battle, routed the Qarāmiṭa, and inflicted heavy casualties and captures among them, so that only a few of them escaped. On Monday, four nights remaining of al-Muḥarram, the Man of the Mole was brought into al-Raqqa publicly for the people to see on a fālij, that is, a two-humped camel, with al-Mudaththir and al-Muṭawwaq before him. Al-Muktafī traveled to Baghdādh, taking the Man of the Mole and his companions with him, and left the armies with Muḥammad b. Sulaymān. The Qarmaṭī was brought into Baghdādh on an elephant, and his companions on camels. Then al-Muktafī ordered them imprisoned until Muḥammad b. Sulaymān arrived. He came to Baghdādh after having made a thorough search for the Qarāmiṭa and captured a number of their notables and leaders. Al-Muktafī ordered their hands and feet cut off and then their necks struck. They were taken out of prison and this was done to them. The Man of the Mole was flogged with two hundred lashes, his hands were cut off, and he was cauterized. He fainted. They took wood, set it on fire, and placed it on his sides. He kept opening and closing his eyes. When they feared he would die, they struck his neck and raised his head on a piece of wood. The people shouted "Allāhu akbar" at that, and it was set up on the bridge. In this year, a man of the Banū al-ʿUlayṣ, one of the notables of the Qarāmiṭa, named Ismāʿīl b. al-Nuʿmān, arrived. He had escaped with a group, and no other leader of theirs had escaped. Al-Muktafī wrote to him and offered him safe-conduct. He came under safe-conduct with more than one hundred and sixty persons. They were granted safety and treated well, given money, and went to the Raḥba of Mālik b. Ṭawq with al-Qāsim b. Sīmā, as it was part of his jurisdiction. They stayed with him for a while. Then they wanted to betray al-Qāsim and resolved to seize al-Raḥba on the day of the feast of breaking the fast, while the people were occupied with prayer. A large group had joined them. He learned of it and killed them. Those who remained of the clients of the Banū al-ʿUlayṣ were deterred and humbled, and they were confined to al-Samāwa until a letter came to them from the villain Zikrawayh informing them that it had been revealed to him that the Man of the Mole and his brother, known as al-Shaykh, would be killed, and that his imam, who was alive, would appear after the two of them and triumph. From the poetry of al-Ṣūlī praising al-Muktafī the caliph and mentioning the Qarmaṭī: The caliph al-Muktafī was spared what he had feared... until he said: O Banū ʿAbbās, you are the lords of mankind and the shining marks; God has decreed that you are rulers over humanity. The holders of authority among you are God's chosen and elect. Whoever thinks that a believer who disobeys you has disbelieved, God sent down that aforetime in the clear verses of the suras.
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