Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3430
The Year 256 AH
اخْتِلَافِ الْخَوَارِجِ عَلَى مُسَاوِرٍ فِي سنة ست وخمسين ومائتين خَالَفَ إِنْسَانٌ مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ اسْمُهُ عُبَيْدَةُ مِنْ بَنِي زُهَيْرٍ الْعَمْرَوِيُّ عَلَى مُسَاوِرٍ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ خَالَفَهُ فِي تَوْبَةِ الْمُخْطِئِ، فَقَالَ مَسَاوِرٌ: نَقْبَلُ تَوْبَتَهُ وَقَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: لَا نَقْبَلُ، فَجَمَعَ عُبَيْدَةُ جَمْعًا كَثِيرًا وَسَارَ إِلَى مُسَاوِرٍ، وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ مَسَاوِرٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَةِ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِنَوَاحِي جُهَيْنَةَ، بِالْقُرْبِ مِنَ الْمَوْصِلِ، فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ [ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ]، وَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ، فَتَرَجَّلَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، وَمَعَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، عَرْقَبُوا دَوَابَّهُمْ، فَقُتِلَ عُبَيْدَةُ، وَانْهَزَمَ جَمْعُهُ، فَقُتِلَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ، وَاسْتَوْلَى مُسَاوِرٌ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ، وَمَنَعَ الْأَمْوَالَ عَنِ الْخَلِيفَةِ، فَضَاقَتْ عَلَى الْجُنْدِ أَرْزَاقُهُمْ، فَاضْطَرَّهُمْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ سَارَ إِلَيْهِ مُوسَى بْنُ بُغَا، وَبَايِكْبَاكُ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا فِي عَسْكَرٍ عَظِيمٍ، فَوَصَلُوا إِلَى السِّنِّ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهِ، ثُمَّ عَادُوا إِلَى سَامَرَّا، لِمَا نَذْكُرُهُ مِنْ خَلْعِ الْمُهْتَدِي. فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْمُعْتَمِدُ الْخِلَافَةَ سَيَّرَ مُفْلِحًا إِلَى مُسَاوِرٍ فِي عَسْكَرٍ كَبِيرٍ، حَسَنِ الْعُدَّةِ، فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ الْحَدِيثَةَ ( فَارَقَهُمْ مُسَاوِرٌ، وَقَصَدَ جَبَلَيْنِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا زَيْنِي، وَلِلْآخَرِ عَامِرٌ، وَهُمَا بِالْقُرْبِ مِنَ الْحَدِيثَةِ، فَتَبِعَهُ مُفْلِحٌ، فَعَطَفَ عَلَيْهِ مُسَاوِرٌ وَهُوَ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، فَاقْتَتَلَ هُوَ وَمُفْلِحٌ. وَكَانَ مُسَاوِرٌ قَدِ انْصَرَفَ عَنْ حَرْبِ عُبَيْدَةَ ( وَقَدْ جَمَعَ كَثِيرًا ) مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَقُوا مُفْلِحًا بِجَبَلِ زَيْنِي، فَلَمْ يَصِلْ مُفْلِحٌ مِنْهُ إِلَى مَا يُرِيدُهُ، ( فَصَعِدَ رَأْسَ الْجَبَلِ فَاحْتَمَى بِهِ )، وَنَزَلَ مُفْلِحٌ فِي ( أَصْلِ الْجَبَلِ )، وَجَرَى بَيْنَهُمَا وَقَعَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحُوا يَوْمًا، وَطَلَبُوا مُسَاوِرًا، فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، وَكَانَ قَدْ نَزَلَ لَيْلًا مِنْ غَيْرِ الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي فِيهِ مُفْلِحٌ، لَمَّا أَيِسَ مِنَ الظَّفَرِ لِضَعْفِ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْجِرَاحِ، ( فَحَيْثُ لَمْ ) يَرَهُ مُفْلِحٌ سَارَ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، فَسَارَ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، فَسَارَ مِنْهَا إِلَى دِيَارِ رَبِيعَةِ سِنْجَارٍ، وَنَصِيبِينَ، وَالْخَابُورِ، فَنَظَرَ فِي أَمْرِهَا، ثُمَّ ( عَادَ إِلَى ) الْمَوْصِلِ، فَأَحْسَنَ السِّيرَةَ فِي أَهْلِهَا، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهَا فِي رَجَبٍ مُتَأَهِّبًا لِلِقَاءِ مُسَاوِرٍ. ( فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ الْحَدِيثَةَ فَارَقَهَا مُسَاوِرٌ، وَكَانَ قَدْ عَادَ إِلَيْهَا عِنْدَ غَيْبَةِ مُفْلِحٍ، فَتَبِعَهُ مُفْلِحٌ، فَكَانَ مُسَاوِرٌ ) يَرْحَلُ عَنِ الْمَنْزِلِ، فَيَنْزِلُهُ مُفْلِحٌ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى مُفْلِحٍ، وَتَوَغَّلَ فِي الْجِبَالِ وَالشِّعَابِ، وَالْمَضَايِقِ ( وَرَاءَ مُسَاوِرٍ )، وَلَحِقَ الْجَيْشُ الَّذِي مَعَهُ مَشَقَّةٌ، وَنَصَبٌ، عَادَ عَنْهُ، فَتَبِعَهُ مَسَاوِرٌ يَقْفُو أَثَرَهُ، وَيَأْخُذُ كُلَّ مَنْ يَنْقَطِعُ عَنْ سَاقَةِ الْعَسْكَرِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَاتَلُوهُ، ثُمَّ عَادُوا وَلَحِقُوا مُفْلِحًا، وَوَصَلُوا الْحَدِيثَةَ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا مُفْلِحٌ أَيَّامًا، وَانْحَدَرَ أَوَّلَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى سَامَرَّا، فَاسْتَوْلَى حِينَئِذٍ مَسَاوِرٌ عَلَى الْبِلَادِ، وَجَبَى خَرَاجَهَا، وَقَوِيَتْ شَوْكَتُهُ، اشْتَدَّ أَمْرُهُ.
Translation
✧ THE DISAGREEMENT OF THE KHARIJITES WITH MUSAWIR In the year two hundred and fifty-six AH, a man of the Kharijites named ʿUbayda of Banū Zuhayr al-ʿAmrawī disagreed with Musāwir. The reason for that was his disagreement with him concerning the repentance of the one who errs. Musāwir said: We accept his repentance. ʿUbayda said: We do not accept it. So ʿUbayda gathered a large force and marched against Musāwir. Musāwir advanced against him from al-Ḥadītha, and they met in the outskirts of Juhayna, near al-Mawṣil, in Jumādā al-Ūlā of the year two hundred and fifty-seven. They fought a most severe fight. He dismounted with a group of his companions, and they hamstrung their mounts. ʿUbayda was killed, and his force fled. Most of them were killed, and Musāwir gained control over much of Iraq. He withheld the revenues from the caliph, so the soldiers' pay became straitened. This compelled Mūsā b. Bughā, Bāyikbāk, and others to march against him with a huge army. They reached al-Sinn and stayed there. Then they returned to Sāmarrā because of what we shall mention of the deposition of al-Muhtadī. When al-Muʿtamid assumed the caliphate, he dispatched Mufliḥ against Musāwir with a large, well-equipped force. When he drew near al-Ḥadītha, Musāwir left them and headed for two mountains, one called Zaynī and the other ʿĀmir, which are near al-Ḥadītha. Mufliḥ pursued him, and Musāwir turned against him with four thousand horsemen, and he and Mufliḥ fought. Musāwir had turned away from the war with ʿUbayda having gathered many of his companions. They met Mufliḥ at Mount Zaynī, but Mufliḥ did not achieve what he wanted from him. He climbed to the top of the mountain and took refuge there. Mufliḥ descended to the foot of the mountain, and many skirmishes took place between them. Then one morning they sought Musāwir but did not find him. He had descended at night from a direction other than where Mufliḥ was, having despaired of victory because of the weakness of his companions from wounds. When Mufliḥ did not see him, he marched to al-Mawṣil. Then he marched from there to the lands of Rabīʿa, Sinjār, Naṣībīn, and al-Khābūr, and he looked into their affairs. Then he returned to al-Mawṣil and behaved well toward its people, and he left it in Rajab, prepared to meet Musāwir. When he drew near al-Ḥadītha, Musāwir left it, for he had returned to it during Mufliḥ's absence. Mufliḥ pursued him, and Musāwir would depart from a campsite and Mufliḥ would occupy it. When the matter dragged on for Mufliḥ and he penetrated deep into the mountains, ravines, and narrow passes in pursuit of Musāwir, and hardship and exhaustion befell the army with him, he turned back from him. Musāwir then followed him, tracking his trace and seizing everyone who fell behind the rear of the army. A group of them turned back and fought him, then they withdrew and caught up with Mufliḥ. They reached al-Ḥadītha, and Mufliḥ stayed there for some days. At the beginning of the month of Ramaḍān he went down to Sāmarrā. At that time Musāwir took control of the lands, collected their land tax, his power grew strong, and his affair became severe.
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