Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3406
The Year 253 AH
ابْتِدَاءِ دَوْلَةِ يَعْقُوبَ الصَّفَّارِ وَمُلْكِهِ هَرَاةَ وَبَوْشَنْجَ وَكَانَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ وَأَخُوهُ عَمْرٌو يَعْمَلَانِ الصُّفْرَ بِسِجِسْتَانَ، وَيُظْهِرَانِ الزُّهْدَ وَالتَّقَشُّفَ. وَكَانَ فِي أَيَّامِهِمَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ سِجِسْتَانَ يُظْهِرُ التَّطَوُّعَ بِقِتَالِ الْخَوَارِجِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: صَالِحٌ الْمُطَّوِّعِيُّ، فَصَحِبَهُ يَعْقُوبُ، وَقَاتَلَ مَعَهُ، فَحَظِيَ عِنْدَهُ، فَجَعَلَهُ صَالِحٌ مَقَامَ الْخَلِيفَةِ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ هَلَكَ صَالِحٌ، وَقَامَ مَقَامَهُ إِنْسَانٌ آخَرُ اسْمُهُ دِرْهَمٌ، فَصَارَ يَعْقُوبُ مَعَ دِرْهَمٍ كَمَا كَانَ مَعَ صَالِحٍ قَبْلَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ صَاحِبَ خُرَاسَانَ احْتَالَ لِدِرْهَمٍ لَمَّا عَظُمَ شَأْنُهُ وَكَثُرَ أَتْبَاعُهُ، حَتَّى ظَفِرَ بِهِ وَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ، فَحَبَسَهُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ أُطْلِقَ، وَخَدَمَ الْخَلِيفَةَ بِبَغْدَاذَ. وَعَظُمَ أَمْرُ يَعْقُوبَ بَعْدَ أَخْذِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَصَارَ مُتَوَلِّيًا أَمْرَ الْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ مَكَانَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقَامَ بِمُحَارَبَةِ الشُّرَاةِ، ( فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ )، وَأَكْثَرَ الْقَتْلَ فِيهِمْ، حَتَّى كَادَ يُفْنِيهِمْ، وَخَرَّبَ قُرَاهُمْ، وَأَطَاعَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ بِمَكْرِهِ، وَحُسْنِ حَالِهِ وَرَأْيِهِ طَاعَةً لَمْ يُطِيعُوهَا أَحَدًا كَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ، وَاشْتَدَّتْ شَوْكَتُهُ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى سِجِسْتَانَ، وَأَظْهَرَ التَّمَسُّكَ بِطَاعَةِ الْخَلِيفَةِ، وَكَاتَبَهُ، وَصَدَرَ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ، وَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَرَهُ بِقِتَالِ الشُّرَاةِ، وَمَلَكَ سِجِسْتَانَ وَضَبَطَ الطُّرُقَ وَحَفِظَهَا، وَأَمَرَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَى عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، فَكَثُرَ أَتْبَاعُهُ، فَخَرَجَ عَنْ حَدِّ طَلَبِ الشُّرَاةِ، وَصَارَ يَتَنَاوَلُ أَصْحَابَ أَمِيرِ خُرَاسَانَ لِلْخَلِيفَةِ. ثُمَّ سَارَ مِنْ سِجِسْتَانَ إِلَى هَرَاةَ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ لِيَمْلِكَهَا، وَكَانَ أَمِيرُ خُرَاسَانَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ طَاهِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَعَامِلُهُ عَلَى هَرَاةَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَوْسٍ الْأَنْبَارِيَّ، فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا لِمُحَارَبَةِ يَعْقُوبَ فِي تَعْبِئَةٍ حَسَنَةٍ وَبَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ وَزِيٍّ جَمِيلٍ، فَتَحَارَبَا وَاقْتَتَلَا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ ابْنُ أَوْسٍ، وَمَلَكَ يَعْقُوبُ هَرَاةَ وَبَشَنْجَ، وَصَارَتِ الْمَدِينَتَانِ فِي يَدِهِ، فَعَظُمَ أَمْرُهُ حِينَئِذٍ، وَهَابَهُ أَمِيرُ خُرَاسَانَ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأَطْرَافِ.
Translation
✧ The beginning of the state of Yaʿqūb al-Ṣaffār and his taking possession of Herat and Būshanj Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth and his brother ʿAmr used to work in brass in Sijistān, and they displayed asceticism and austerity. In their days there was a man from the people of Sijistān who displayed volunteer fighting against the Kharijites, called Ṣāliḥ al-Muṭṭawwiʿī. Yaʿqūb accompanied him and fought alongside him, and he gained favor with him. Ṣāliḥ made him his deputy in his place. Then Ṣāliḥ perished, and another man named Dirham took his place. Yaʿqūb became with Dirham as he had been with Ṣāliḥ before him. Then the governor of Khurāsān schemed against Dirham when his importance grew and his followers became many, until he seized him and carried him to Baghdad, where he imprisoned him. Then he was released and served the caliph in Baghdad. Yaʿqūb's affair grew great after Dirham was taken, and he became in charge of the volunteers in Dirham's place. He undertook fighting the Shurāt, and he overcame them and killed many of them, until he almost exterminated them. He destroyed their villages. His companions obeyed him through his cunning, his good conduct, and his judgment with an obedience they had not given anyone before him. His power became strong, and he took control of Sijistān. He displayed adherence to obedience to the caliph, corresponded with him, and acted according to his command. He showed that the caliph had ordered him to fight the Shurāt. He ruled Sijistān, kept the roads safe and guarded them, commanded good and forbade evil. His followers became many, and he went beyond the pursuit of the Shurāt and began to seize the officials of the governor of Khurāsān on behalf of the caliph. Then this year he marched from Sijistān to Herat in Khurāsān to take possession of it. The governor of Khurāsān was Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn, and his agent over Herat was Muḥammad b. Aws al-Anbārī. He went out from it to fight Yaʿqūb in good order, with great courage and fine equipment. They fought and engaged in fierce combat. Ibn Aws was defeated, and Yaʿqūb took possession of Herat and Būshanj. The two cities came into his hand. His affair became great then, and the governor of Khurāsān and other border lords feared him.
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