Tarikh (al-Tabari) 339
the accounts of past peoples from the Israelites and others
وَاخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي اسْمِ ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَقْوَالٍ: أَحَدُهَا: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ. قَالَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ. وَالثَّانِي: الْإِسْكَنْدَرُ، قَالَهُ وَهْبٌ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرُ بْنُ قَيْصَرَ. قَالَهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ ابْنُ الْمُنَادِي، وَكَانَ قَيْصَرُ هَذَا أَوَّلَ الْقَيَاصِرَةِ وَأَقْدَمَهُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ بِذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزَمَانٍ طَوِيلٍ. وَالثَّالِثُ: عَيَّاشٌ، قَالَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ. وَالرَّابِعُ: الصَّعْبُ بْنُ جَاثِرِ بْنِ الْقَلَمَّسِ. ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مِنْ يَسُوقُ الْأَحَادِيثَ عَنْ الْأَعَاجِمِ فِيمَا تَوَارَثُوا مِنْ عِلْمِهِ: أَنَّ ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ كَانَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ. اسْمُهُ مَرْزُبَانُ بْنُ مَرْذُبَةَ الْيُونَانِيُّ، مِنْ وَلَدِ يُونَانِ بْنِ يَافِثَ بْنِ نُوحٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْمُهُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي بَنَى الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ فَنُسِبَتْ إلَيْهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ حَدَّثَنِي ثَوْرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ الْكُلَاعِيُّ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا قَدْ أَدْرَكَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذِي الْقَرْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ: مَلِكٌ مَسَحَ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا بِالْأَسْبَابِ وَقِيلَ: مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قِنانَ بْنِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَزْدِ بْنِ غَوْثِ بْنِ نَبْتِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ كَهْلَانَ بْنِ سَبَأِ بْنِ قَحْطَانَ. وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي حَدِيثٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ حِمْيَرٍ، وَأُمُّهُ رُومِيَّةٌ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: ابْنُ الْفَيْلَسُوفِ ; لِعَقْلِهِ. شعر لأحد الحميريين يفخر بكونه أحد أجداده وَقَدْ أَنْشَدَ بَعْضُ الْحِمْيَرِيِّينَ فِي ذَلِكَ شِعْرًا يَفْخَرُ بِكَوْنِهِ أَحَدَ أَجْدَادِهِ فَقَالَ: قَدْ كَانَ ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ جَدِّيَ مُسْلِمًا مَلِكًا تَدِينُ لَهُ الْمُلُوكُ وَتَحْشُدُ بَلَغَ الْمَشَارِقَ وَالْمَغَارِبَ يَبْتَغِي أَسْبَابَ أَمْرٍ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ مُرْشِدِ فَرَأَى مَغِيبَ الشَّمْسِ عِنْدَ غُرُوبِهَا فِي عَيْنِ ذِي خُلُبٍ وَثَأْطٍ حَرْمَدِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ بَلْقِيسُ كَانَتْ عَمَّتِي مَلَكَتْهُمُ حَتَّى أَتَاهَا الْهُدْهُدُ قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: وَقِيلَ: كَانَ اسْمُهُ مَرْزَبَى بْنَ مَرْذَبَةَ، ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَذَكَرَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ أَنَّ اسْمَهُ الصَّعْبُ بْنُ ذِي مَرَاثِدَ. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ التَّبَابِعَةِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي حَكَمَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي بِئْرِ السَّبْعِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ أَفْرِيدُونُ بْنُ أَسْفِيَانَ، الَّذِي قَتَلَ الضَّحَّاكَ. وَفِي خُطْبَةِ قَسٍّ: يَا مَعْشَرَ إِيَادٍ، أَيْنَ الصَّعْبُ ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ، مَلَكَ الْخَافِقَيْنِ، وَأَذَلَّ الثَّقَلَيْنِ، وَعَمَّرَ أَلْفَيْنِ، ثُمَّ كَانَ كَلَحْظَةِ عَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ أَنْشَدَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ لِلْأَعْشَى: وَالصَّعْبُ ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ أَصْبَحَ ثَاوِيًا بِالْحِنْوِ فِي جَدَثٍ أُمَيْمَ مقُيِمِ وَذَكَرَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاكُولَا أَنَّ اسْمَهُ هَرْمَسُ. وَيُقَالُ: هَرْدِيسُ بْنُ فَيَطْوُنَ بْنِ رُومِيِّ بْنِ لَنْطِيِّ بْنِ كَسْلُوجِينَ بْنِ يُونَانَ بْنِ يَافِثَ بْنِ نُوحٍ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: إِسْكَنْدَرُ هُوَ ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ وَأَبُوهُ أَوَّلُ الْقَيَاصِرَةِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ وَلَدِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. فَأَمَّا ذُو الْقَرْنَيْنِ الثَّانِي فَهُوَ إِسْكَنْدَرُ بْنُ فِيلَيبْسَ بْنِ مَضْرِيمَ بْنِ هَرْمَسَ بْنِ هَرْدَسَ بْنِ مَيْطُونَ بْنِ رُومِيِّ بْنِ لَنْطِيِّ بْنِ يُونَانَ بْنِ يَافِثَ بْنِ نُونَةَ بْنِ سَرْحُونَ بْنِ رُومَةَ بْنِ ثَرْنَطَ بْنِ تَوْفِيلَ بْنِ رُومِيِّ بْنِ الْأَصْفَرِ بْنِ الْيَفَزَ بْنِ الْعِيصَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ. كَذَا نَسَبَهُ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي " تَارِيخِهِ " الْمَقْدُونِيُّ الْيُونَانِيُّ الْمِصْرِيُّ، بَانِي إِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ، الَّذِي يُؤَرِّخُ بِأَيَّامِهِ الرُّومُ، وَكَانَ مُتَأَخِّرًا عَنِ الْأَوَّلِ بِدَهْرٍ طَوِيلٍ، كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ الْمَسِيحِ بِنَحْوٍ مَنْ ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ، وَكَانَ أَرِسْطَاطَالِيسُ الْفَيْلَسُوفُ وَزِيرَهُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَ دَارَا بْنَ دَارَا، وَأَذَلَّ مُلُوكَ الْفُرْسِ وَأَوْطَأَ أَرْضَهُمْ. وَإِنَّمَا نَبَّهْنَا عَلَيْهِ ; لِأَنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَأَنَّ الْمَذْكُورَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ هُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ أَرِسْطَاطَالِيسُ وَزِيرَهُ، فَيَقَعُ بِسَبَبِ ذَلِكَ خَطَأٌ كَبِيرٌ وَفَسَادٌ عَرِيضٌ طَوِيلٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَإِنَّ الْأَوَّلَ كَانَ عَبْدًا مُؤْمِنًا صَالِحًا وَمَلِكًا عَادِلًا، وَكَانَ وَزِيرُهُ الْخَضِرَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ نَبِيًّا عَلَى مَا قَرَّرْنَاهُ قَبْلَ هَذَا. وَأَمَّا الثَّانِي، فَكَانَ مُشْرِكًا، وَكَانَ وَزِيرُهُ فَيْلَسُوفًا، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَ زَمَانَيْهِمَا أَزْيَدُ مِنْ أَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ. فَأَيْنَ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا، لَا يَسْتَوِيَانِ وَلَا يَشْتَبِهَانِ، إِلَّا عَلَى غَبِيٍّ لَا يَعْرِفُ حَقَائِقَ الْأُمُورِ. قال ابن الأثير رحمه الله في كتابه الكامل وعنده أن ذا القرنين هو الإسكندر وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا قَوْلَ مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّ الْإِسْكَنْدَرَ أَخُو دَارَا لِأَبِيهِ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الرُّومِ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَنْسَابِ فَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرُ بْنُ فَيْلُفُوسَ، وَقِيلَ: فَيْلُبُوسُ بْنُ مَطَرْيُوسَ، وَقِيلَ: ابْنُ مَصْرَيِمِ بْنِ هِرْمِسَ بْنِ هِرْدِسَ بْنِ مُنْطَوْنَ بْنِ رُومِيِّ بْنِ لَيْطَى بْنِ يُونَاقَ بْنِ يَافِثَ بْنِ ثَوْبَةَ بْنِ سَرْحُونَ بْنِ رُومِيطَ بْنِ زَنَطَ بْنِ تُوقِيلَ بْنِ رُومِيِّ بْنِ الْأَصْفَرِ بْنِ أَلِيفَزِ بْنِ الْعِيصِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
Translation
✧ The scholars differed regarding the name of Dhū al-Qarnayn, on four opinions: One of them: ʿAbd Allāh. ʿAlī ؓ said this. Ibn ʿAbbās said: His name is ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk. The second: al-Iskandar. Wahb said this. It was said: He is al-Iskandar b. Qayṣar. Abū al-Ḥusayn Ibn al-Munādī said this, and this Qayṣar was the first of the Caesars and the most ancient of them. He was only called Dhū al-Qarnayn after that by a long time. The third: ʿAyyāsh. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn said this. And the fourth: al-Ṣaʿb b. Jāthir b. al-Qalammas. Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah mentioned it. Ibn Isḥāq said: Someone who transmits the traditions from the non-Arabs regarding what they inherited of their knowledge told me: that Dhū al-Qarnayn was a man from the people of Egypt. His name was Marzubān b. Mardhubah the Greek, from the descendants of Yūnān b. Yāfith b. Nūḥ. Ibn Hishām said: His name is al-Iskandar, and he is the one who built Alexandria, so it was attributed to him. Ibn Isḥāq said: Thawr b. Yazīd narrated to me from Khālid b. Maʿdān al-Kalāʿī, and he was a man who had reached [the Prophet's era], that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about Dhū al-Qarnayn, and he said: "A king who traversed the earth from beneath it by means of the causes." And it was said: Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Qinān b. Manṣūr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Azd b. Ghawth b. Nabt b. Mālik b. Zayd b. Kaḥlān b. Sabaʾ b. Qaḥṭān. And it came in a ḥadīth that he was from Ḥimyar, and his mother was Roman, and that he was called "son of the philosopher" because of his intellect. Poetry by one of the Ḥimyarites boasting that he was one of his ancestors. And one of the Ḥimyarites recited poetry about that, boasting that he was one of his ancestors, and he said: Dhū al-Qarnayn was my grandfather, a Muslim, A king to whom kings submitted and gathered. He reached the easts and the wests, seeking The means of a matter from a wise guide. He saw the setting-place of the sun at its setting In a spring of murky and black mud. After him, Bilqīs was my paternal aunt; She ruled them until the hoopoe came to her. Al-Suhaylī said: It was said: His name was Marzabā b. Mardhabah. Ibn Hishām mentioned it, and he mentioned in another place that his name was al-Ṣaʿb b. Dhī Marāthid. He is the first of the Tabābiʿah, and he is the one who judged for Ibrāhīm regarding the well of the seven. And it was said: He is Afrīdūn b. Asfiyān, who killed al-Ḍaḥḥāk. And in the sermon of Qass: "O assembly of Iyād, where is al-Ṣaʿb Dhū al-Qarnayn? He ruled the two horizons, humbled the two heavy ones, lived two thousand years, then it was as the blink of an eye." Then Ibn Hishām recited for al-Aʿshā: And al-Ṣaʿb Dhū al-Qarnayn became a resident In the bend, in a tomb, with a stay prolonged. Al-Dāraquṭnī and Ibn Mākūlā mentioned that his name was Harmas. And it is said: Hardīs b. Fayṭūn b. Rūmī b. Lanṭī b. Kaslūjīn b. Yūnān b. Yāfith b. Nūḥ. And Allah knows best. And Isḥāq b. Bishr said, from Saʿīd b. Bashīr, from Qatādah, he said: Iskandar is Dhū al-Qarnayn, and his father was the first of the Caesars, and he was from the descendants of Sām b. Nūḥ ﷺ. As for the second Dhū al-Qarnayn, he is Iskandar b. Fīlaybs b. Maḍrīm b. Harmas b. Hardas b. Mayṭūn b. Rūmī b. Lanṭī b. Yūnān b. Yāfith b. Nūnah b. Sarḥūn b. Rūmah b. Tharnaṭ b. Tawfīl b. Rūmī b. al-Aṣfar b. al-Yafaz b. al-ʿĪṣ b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl. Thus the ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir related his lineage in his "History": the Macedonian, the Greek, the Egyptian, builder of Alexandria, by whose days the Romans date, and he was much later than the first by a long time. This one was before the Messiah by about three hundred years, and Arisṭāṭālīs the philosopher was his minister. He is the one who killed Dārā b. Dārā, humbled the kings of the Persians, and subdued their land. We only point this out because many people believe that they are one and the same, and that the one mentioned in the Qurʾān is the one whose minister was Arisṭāṭālīs. Because of that, a great error and a wide, lengthy, extensive corruption occurs. For the first was a believing, righteous servant and a just king, and his minister was al-Khiḍr, and he was a prophet according to what we established before this. As for the second, he was a polytheist, and his minister was a philosopher. Between their times there was more than two thousand years. So how far is this from this? They are not equal and do not resemble each other, except to an ignorant person who does not know the realities of matters. Ibn al-Athīr, may Allah have mercy on him, said in his book al-Kāmil, and he held that Dhū al-Qarnayn is al-Iskandar. And we have mentioned the saying of those who said that al-Iskandar was the brother of Dārā from his father. As for the people of the Romans and many of the people of genealogy, they claim that he is al-Iskandar b. Faylufūs; and it was said: Faylubūs b. Maṭaryūs; and it was said: b. Maṣrayim b. Hirmis b. Hirdis b. Munṭawn b. Rūmī b. Layṭā b. Yūnāq b. Yāfith b. Thawbah b. Sarḥūn b. Rūmīṭ b. Zanaṭ b. Tūqīl b. Rūmī b. al-Aṣfar b. Alīfaz b. al-ʿĪṣ b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.