Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3355
The Year 241 AH
اسمه ونسبه وَتُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ : الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَجُبَارَةُ بْنُ الْمُغَلِّسِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ، وَأَبُو تَوْبَةَ الْحَلَبِيُّ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، سَجَّادَةُ، وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ كَاسِبٍ. وَلْنَذْكُرْ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَفَضَائِلِهِ وَمَنَاقِبِهِ وَمَآثِرِهِ عَلَى سَبِيلِ الِاخْتِصَارِ فَنَقُولُ وَبِاللَّهِ الْمُسْتَعَانُ: هُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ قَاسِطِ بْنِ مَازِنِ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ بْنِ ذُهْلِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ عُكَابَةَ بْنِ صَعْبِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلِ بْنِ قَاسِطِ بْنِ هِنْبِ بْنِ أَفْصَى بْنِ دُعْمِيِّ بْنِ جَدِيلَةَ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ نِزَارِ بْنِ مَعَدِّ بْنِ عَدْنَانَ بْنِ أُدِّ بْنِ أُدَدِ بْنِ الْهَمَيْسَعِ بْنِ حَمَلِ بْنِ النَّبْتِ بْنِ قَيْدَارِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ، عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، ثُمَّ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثُمَّ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ هَكَذَا سَاقَ نَسَبَهُ الْحَافِظُ الْكَبِيرُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي جَمَعَهُ فِي مَنَاقِبِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، عَنْ شَيْخِهِ الْحَافِظِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَاكِمِ صَاحِبِ " الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ ". وَرَوِيَ عَنْ صَالِحٍ ابْنِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: رَأَى أَبِي هَذَا النَّسَبَ فِي كِتَابٍ لِي، فَقَالَ: وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهَذَا ؟ وَلَمْ يُنْكِرِ النَّسَبَ. قَالُوا: وَقَدِمَ بِهِ أَبُوهُ مِنْ مَرْوَ وَهُوَ حَمْلٌ، فَوَضَعَتْهُ أُمُّهُ فِي بِبَغْدَادَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَتُوُفِّيَ أَبُوهُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، فَكَفَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ. قَالَ صَالِحٌ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: فَثَقَبَتْ أُذُنِي وَجَعَلَتْ فِيهِمَا لُؤْلُؤَتَيْنِ فَلَمَّا كَبِرْتُ دَفَعَتْهُمَا إِلَيَّ فَبِعْتُهُمَا بِثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا. وَتُوُفِّيَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمِعَةِ الثَّانِيَ عَشَرَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَلَهُ مِنَ الْعُمْرِ سَبْعٌ وَسَبْعُونَ سَنَةً، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي حَدَاثَتِهِ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى مَجْلِسِ الْقَاضِي أَبِي يُوسُفَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَ ذَلِكَ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى سَمَاعِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ طَلَبِهِ لِلْحَدِيثِ وَأَوَّلُ سَمَاعِهِ مِنْ مَشَايِخِهِ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَلَهُ مِنَ الْعُمْرِ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَأَوَّلُ حَجَّةٍ حَجَّهَا فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ فِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ. وَفِيهَا حَجَّ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثُمَّ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَجَاوَرَ إِلَى سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، وَجَاوَرَ إِلَى سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، سَافَرَ إِلَى عِنْدِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَكَتَبَ عَنْهُ هُوَ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَجَجْتُ خَمْسَ حِجَجٍ ; مِنْهَا ثَلَاثٌ رَاجِلًا، أَنْفَقْتُ فِي إِحْدَى هَذِهِ الْحِجَجِ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَمًا. قَالَ: وَقَدْ ضَلَلْتُ فِي بَعْضِ هَذِهِ الْحِجَجِ، عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ وَأَنَا مَاشٍ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَقُولُ: يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ دَلُّونِي عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى وَقَفْتُ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ. قَالَ: وَخَرَجْتُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَكُنْتُ فِي بَيْتٍ تَحْتَ رَأْسِي لَبِنَةٌ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عِنْدِي خَمْسُونَ دِرْهَمًا ; كُنْتُ رَحَلْتُ إِلَى جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ إِلَى الرَّيِّ وَخَرَجَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا وَلَمْ يُمْكِنِّي الْخُرُوجُ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدِي شَيْءٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ حَرْمَلَةَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: وَعَدَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ عَلَيَّ مِصْرَ فَلَمْ يَقْدَمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: يُشْبِهُ أَنْ تَكُونَ خِفَّةُ ذَاتِ الْيَدِ حَالَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْوَفَاءِ بِالْعِدَةِ. وَقَدْ طَافَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي الْبِلَادِ وَالْآفَاقِ، وَسَمِعَ مِنْ مَشَايِخِ الْعَصْرِ، وَكَانُوا يُجِلُّونَهُ وَيَحْتَرِمُونَهُ فِي حَالِ سَمَاعِهِ مِنْهُمْ. وَقَدْ سَرَدَ شَيْخُنَا فِي " تَهْذِيبِهِ " أَسْمَاءَ شُيُوخِهِ مُرَتَّبِينَ عَلَى حُرُوفِ الْمُعْجَمِ، وَكَذَلِكَ الرُّوَاةَ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، بَعْدَ أَنْ ذَكَرَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ شُيُوخِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ: وَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي " الْمُسْنَدِ " وَغَيْرِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَخَذَ عَنْهُ جُمْلَةً مِنْ كَلَامِهِ فِي أَنْسَابِ قُرَيْشٍ، وَأَخَذَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ مَا هُوَ مَشْهُورٌ. وَحِينَ تُوُفِّيَ أَحْمَدُ وَجَدُوا فِي تَرِكَتِهِ رِسَالَتَيِ الشَّافِعِيِّ ; الْقَدِيمَةَ وَالْجَدِيدَةَ. قُلْتُ: قَدْ أَفْرَدَ مَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، وَهِيَ أَحَادِيثُ لَا تَبْلُغُ عِشْرِينَ حَدِيثًا ; وَمِنْ أَحْسَنِ مَا رُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، عَنِ الْإِمَامِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: نَسَمَةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ تَعَلَّقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يُرْجِعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِأَحْمَدَ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ بِهِ فِي الرِّحْلَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ بَعْدَ سَنَةِ تِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَعُمُرُ أَحْمَدَ إِذْ ذَاكَ نَيِّفٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، قَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إِذَا صَحَّ عِنْدَكُمُ الْحَدِيثُ فَأَعْلِمْنِي بِهِ ; أَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهِ حِجَازِيًّا كَانَ أَوْ شَامِيًّا أَوْ عِرَاقِيًّا أَوْ يَمَنِيًّا. يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَا يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ فُقَهَاءِ الْحِجَازِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَقْبَلُونَ إِلَّا رِوَايَةَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ وَيُنْزِلُونَ أَحَادِيثَ مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ مَنْزِلَةَ أَحَادِيثِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ. وَقَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ لَهُ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ تَعْظِيمٌ لِأَحْمَدَ وَإِجْلَالٌ لَهُ، وَإِنَّهُ عِنْدَهُ بِهَذِهِ الْمَثَابَةِ إِذَا صَحَّحَ أَوْ ضَعَّفَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بِهَذِهِ الْمَثَابَةِ عِنْدَ الْأَئِمَّةِ وَالْعُلَمَاءِ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي ثَنَاءُ الْأَئِمَّةِ عَلَيْهِ وَاعْتِرَافُهُمْ لَهُ بِعُلُوِّ الْمَكَانَةِ وَارْتِفَاعِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْحَدِيثِ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ، وَقَدْ بَعُدَ صِيتُهُ فِي زَمَانِهِ وَاشْتُهِرَ اسْمُهُ فِي شَبِيبَتِهِ فِي الْآفَاقِ. ثُمَّ حَكَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ كَلَامَ أَحْمَدَ فِي الْإِيمَانِ، وَأَنَّهُ قَوْلٌ وَعَمَلٌ يَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ، وَكَلَامُهُ فِي أَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ، وَإِنْكَارُهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ لَفْظَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ مَخْلُوقٌ يُرِيدُ بِهِ الْقُرْآنَ. قَالَ: وَفِيمَا حَكَى أَبُو عُمَارَةَ وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ، وَعَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: اللَّفْظُ مُحْدَثٌ. وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ [ ق: 18 ] قَالَ: فَاللَّفْظُ كَلَامُ الْآدَمِيِّينَ. وَرَوَى غَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْقُرْآنُ كَيْفَ مَا تَصَرَّفَ فِيهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ، وَأَمَّا أَفْعَالُنَا فَهِيَ مَخْلُوقَةٌ. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ قَرَّرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي أَفْعَالِ الْعِبَادِ، وَذَكَرَهُ أَيْضًا فِي " الصَّحِيحِ "، وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ ﷺ زَيِّنُوا الْقُرْآنَ بِأَصْوَاتِكُمْ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ: الْكَلَامُ كَلَامُ الْبَارِئِ، وَالصَّوْتُ صَوْتُ الْقَارِئِ، وَقَدْ قَرَّرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَنْ قَالَ: الْقُرْآنُ مُحْدَثٌ. فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ. وَمِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَيْمُونِيِّ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ أَجَابَ الْجَهْمِيَّةَ حِينَ احْتَجُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى مَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ ذِكْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ مُحْدَثٍ إِلَّا اسْتَمَعُوهُ وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 2 ] قَالَ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ تَنْزِيلُهُ إِلَيْنَا هُوَ الْمُحْدَثَ، لَا الذِّكْرُ نَفْسُهُ هُوَ الْمُحْدَثُ. وَعَنْ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذِكْرًا آخَرَ غَيْرَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَهُوَ ذِكْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَوْ وَعْظُهُ إِيَّاهُمْ. كَلَامَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ فِي إِثْبَاتِ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ فِي الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ كَلَامَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ فِي إِثْبَاتِ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ فِي الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِحَدِيثِ صُهَيْبٍ فِي الرُّؤْيَةِ، وَهِيَ الزِّيَادَةُ، وَكَلَامُهُ فِي نَفْيِ التَّشْبِيهِ وَتَرْكِ الْخَوْضِ فِي الْكَلَامِ وَالتَّمَسُّكِ بِمَا وَرَدَ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ مِنَ الْآثَارِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنِ الْحَاكِمِ، عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّمَّاكِ، عَنْ حَنْبَلٍ، أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ تَأَوَّلَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ [ الْفَجْرِ: 22 ] أَنَّهُ جَاءَ ثَوَابُهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ لَا غُبَارَ عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: مَا رَآهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ حَسَنًا فَهُوَ عِنْدُ اللَّهِ حَسَنٌ، وَمَا رَأَوْهُ سَيِّئًا فَهُوَ عِنْدُ اللَّهِ سَيِّئٌ. وَقَدْ رَأَى الصَّحَابَةُ جَمِيعًا أَنْ يَسْتَخْلِفُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ، إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ. قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا الْأَثَرُ فِيهِ حِكَايَةُ إِجْمَاعٍ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي تَقْدِيمِ الصِّدِّيقِ، ؓ، وَالْأَمْرُ كَمَا قَالَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، ؓ، وَقَدْ نَصَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ حِينَ اجْتَازَ بِحِمْصَ، وَقَدْ حُمِلَ إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ فِي زَمَنِ الْمِحْنَةِ، وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحِمْصِيُّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْخِلَافَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ عُثْمَانُ ثُمَّ عَلِيٌّ، وَمَنْ قَدَّمَ عَلِيًّا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ فَقَدْ أَزْرَى بِأَصْحَابِ الشُّورَى ; لِأَنَّهُمْ قَدَّمُوا عُثْمَانَ، ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ. فَصْلٌ فِي وَرَعِهِ وَتَقَشُّفِهِ وَزُهْدِهِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُزَنِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِلرَّشِيدِ: إِنَّ الْيَمَنَ تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى قَاضٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: اخْتَرْ رَجُلًا نُوَلِّهِ إِيَّاهَا، فَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَهُوَ يَتَرَدَّدُ إِلَيْهِ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ عَنْهُ: أَلَا تَقْبَلُ قَضَاءَ الْيَمَنِ. فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ امْتِنَاعًا شَدِيدًا، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَخْتَلِفُ إِلَيْكَ لِأَجْلِ الْعِلْمِ الْمُزَهِّدِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، أَفَتَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَلِيَ الْقَضَاءَ ؟ وَلَوْلَا الْعِلْمُ لَمَا أُكَلِّمُكَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ. فَاسْتَحْيَى الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْهُ. وَرَوِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ عَمِّهِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَلَا خَلْفَ بَنِيهِ، وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمْ أَيْضًا ; لِأَنَّهُمْ أَخَذُوا جَائِزَةَ السُّلْطَانِ. وَمَكَثَ مَرَّةً ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَا يَجِدُ مَا يَأْكُلُهُ حَتَّى بَعَثَ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَاسْتَقْرَضَ مِنْهُ دَقِيقًا، فَعَرَفَ أَهْلُهُ حَاجَتَهُ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ فَعَجَّلُوا وَعَجَنُوا وَخَبَزُوا لَهُ سَرِيعًا، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذِهِ الْعَجَلَةُ ! كَيْفَ خَبَزْتُمْ سَرِيعًا ؟ فَقَالُوا: وَجَدْنَا تَنُّورَ بَيْتِ صَالِحٍ مَسْجُورًا فَخَبَزْنَا لَكَ فِيهِ. فَقَالَ: ارْفَعُوا. وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْ، وَأَمَرَ بِسَدِّ بَابِهِ إِلَى دَارِ صَالِحٍ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: لِأَنَّ صَالِحًا أَخَذَ جَائِزَةَ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَلَى اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: مَكَثَ أَبِي بِالْعَسْكَرِ عِنْدَ الْخَلِيفَةِ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا لَمْ يَأْكُلْ فِيهَا إِلَّا رُبُعَ مُدٍّ سَوِيقًا، يُفْطِرُ بَعْدَ كُلِّ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ عَلَى سَفَّةٍ مِنْهُ حَتَّى رَجَعَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ، وَلَمْ تَرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ. وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مُوقَيْهِ دَخَلَتَا فِي حَدَقَتَيْهِ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَقَدْ كَانَ الْخَلِيفَةُ يَبْعَثُ لِمَائِدَتِهِ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ لَا يَتَنَاوَلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ شَيْئًا. وَبَعَثَ الْخَلِيفَةُ الْمَأْمُونُ مَرَّةً ذَهَبَا ; لِيُقَسَّمَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَخَذَ، إِلَّا أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ فَإِنَّهُ أَبَى. وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ: حَضَرْتُ أَحْمَدَ وَقَدْ رَهَنَ سَطْلًا لَهُ عِنْدَ فَامِيٍّ بِالْيَمَنِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ بِفِكَاكِهِ أَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِ سَطْلَيْنِ فَقَالَ: خُذْ مَتَاعَكَ. فَاشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْهِ أَيُّهُمَا الَّذِي لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْهُ وَمِنَ الْفِكَاكِ، وَتَرَكَهُ. وَحَكَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي زَمَنِ الْوَاثِقِ فِي ضِيقٍ شَدِيدٍ، فَكَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي: إِنَّ عِنْدِي أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَرِثْتُهَا مِنْ أَبِي وَلَيْسَتْ صَدَقَةً وَلَا زَكَاةً فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَقْبَلَهَا مِنِّي. فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَرَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَبَى، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ حِينِ ذَكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: لَوْ كُنَّا قَبِلْنَاهَا كَانَتْ قَدْ ذَهَبَتْ. وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ التُّجَّارِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ رِبْحًا مِنْ بِضَاعَةٍ جَعَلَهَا بِاسْمِهِ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا، وَقَالَ: نَحْنُ فِي كِفَايَةٍ، وَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ عَنْ قَصْدِكَ خَيْرًا، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ تَاجِرٌ آخَرُ ثَلَاثَةً آلَافِ دِينَارٍ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ قَبُولِهَا وَقَامَ وَتَرَكَهُ. وَنَفَدَتْ نَفَقَةُ أَحْمَدَ وَهُوَ فِي الْيَمَنِ، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْخُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ مِلْءَ كَفِّهِ دَنَانِيرَ، فَقَالَ: نَحْنُ فِي كِفَايَةٍ وَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا. وَسُرِقَتْ ثِيَابُهُ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ فَجَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِهِ وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْبَابَ، فَافْتَقَدَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ فَجَاءُوا إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلُوهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ، فَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِ ذَهَبًا فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا دِينَارًا وَاحِدًا ; لِيَكْتُبَ لَهُمْ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ بِالْأَجْرِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: كَانَتْ مَجَالِسُ أَحْمَدَ مَجَالِسَ الْآخِرَةِ، لَا يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ ذَكَرَ الدُّنْيَا قَطُّ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ سُئِلَ عَنِ التَّوَكُّلِ فَقَالَ: هُوَ قَطْعُ الِاسْتِشْرَافِ بِالْيَأْسِ مِنَ النَّاسِ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: هَلْ مِنْ حُجَّةٍ عَلَى هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَمَّا رُمِيَ بِهِ فِي النَّارِ فِي الْمِنْجَنِيقِ عَرَضَ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَّا إِلَيْكَ فَلَا. قَالَ: فَسَلْ مَنْ لَكَ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ. فَقَالَ: أَحَبُّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ إِلَيَّ أَحَبُّهُمَا إِلَيْهِ. وَعَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الصِّفَارِ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ بِسُرَّ مَنْ رَأَى، فَقُلْنَا: ادْعُ اللَّهَ لَنَا، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ لَنَا عَلَى أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا نُحِبُّ فَاجْعَلْنَا عَلَى مَا تُحِبُّ. ثُمَّ سَكَتَ. فَقُلْنَا: زِدْنَا. فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَسْأَلُكَ بِالْقُدْرَةِ الَّتِي قُلْتَ لِلسَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ: ائْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ [ فُصِّلَتْ: 11 ] اللَّهُمَّ وَفِّقْنَا لِمَرْضَاتِكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ، وَنَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الذُّلِّ إِلَّا لَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُكْثِرْ لَنَا فَنَطْغَى، وَلَا تُقِلَّ عَلَيْنَا فَنَنْسَى، وَهَبْ لَنَا مَنْ رَحِمَتِكَ وَسَعَةِ رِزْقِكَ مَا يَكُونُ بَلَاغًا لَنَا فِي دُنْيَانَا، وَغِنًى مِنْ فَضْلِكَ. دعاء الإمام أحمد في السجود قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَفِي حِكَايَةِ أَبِي الْفَضْلِ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ: وَكَانَ دُعَاؤُهُ فِي السُّجُودِ: اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَهُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ فَرُدَّهُ إِلَى الْحَقِّ لِيَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَقِّ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ قَبِلْتَ مِنْ عُصَاةِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فِدَاءً فَاجْعَلْنِي فِدَاءً لَهُمْ. وَقَالَ صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: كَانَ أَبِي لَا يَدَعُ أَحَدًا يَسْتَقِي لَهُ الْمَاءَ لِلْوُضُوءِ، بَلْ كَانَ يَلِي ذَلِكَ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ الدَّلْوُ مَلْآنَ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ، مَا الْفَائِدَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَمَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ أَصْبَحَ مَاؤُكُمْ غَوْرًا فَمَنْ يَأْتِيكُمْ بِمَاءٍ مَعِينٍ [ الْمُلْكِ: 30 ] وَالْأَخْبَارُ عَنْهُ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا. زهد الإمام أحمد وورعه وَقَدْ صَنَّفَ فِي الزُّهْدِ كِتَابًا حَافِلًا عَظِيمًا لَمْ يُسْبَقْ إِلَى مِثْلِهِ، وَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهُ أَحَدٌ فِيهِ. وَالْمَظْنُونُ بَلِ الْمَقْطُوعُ بِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْخُذُ بِمَا أَمْكَنَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَكْرَمَ مَثْوَاهُ، وَجَعَلَ جَنَّةَ الْفِرْدَوْسِ مُنْقَلَبَهُ وَمَأْوَاهُ. وَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ السَّرَّاجُ: قَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُرِيَنِي الْحَارِثَ الْمُحَاسِبِيَّ إِذَا جَاءَ مَنْزِلَكَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، وَفَرِحْتُ بِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى الْحَارِثِ فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَحْضُرَ اللَّيْلَةَ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ كَثِيرٌ فَأَحْضِرْ لَهُمُ التَّمْرَ وَالْكُسْبَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَيْنَ الْعِشَاءَيْنِ جَاءُوا، وَكَانَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ قَدْ سَبَقَهُمْ فَجَلَسَ فِي غُرْفَةٍ بِحَيْثُ يَرَاهُمْ وَيَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُمْ، وَلَا يَرَوْنَهُ فَلَمَّا صَلَّوُا الْعِشَاءَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا بَعْدَهَا شَيْئًا، حَتَّى جَاءُوا فَجَلَسُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْحَارِثِ سُكُوتًا كَأَنَّمَا عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمُ الطَّيْرُ، حَتَّى كَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنْ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فَشَرَعَ الْحَارِثُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالزُّهْدِ وَالْوَعْظِ فَجَعَلَ هَذَا يَبْكِي، وَهَذَا يَئِنُّ، وَهَذَا يَزْعَقُ، قَالَ: فَصَعِدْتُ إِلَى الْغُرْفَةِ، فَإِذَا بِالْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ يَبْكِي حَتَّى كَادَ يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَالُوا كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى الصَّبَاحِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادُوا الِانْصِرَافَ قُلْتُ: كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ هَؤُلَاءِ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا يَتَكَلَّمُ فِي الزُّهْدِ مِثْلَ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَمَعَ هَذَا فَلَا أَرَى لَكَ أَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ بِهِمْ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: يُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ لَهُ صُحْبَتَهُمْ ; لِأَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ أَسَدٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ زَاهِدًا لَكِنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْكَلَامِ، وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ يَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ، أَوْ كَرِهَ لَهُ صُحْبَتَهُمْ، مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُ لَا يُطِيقُ سُلُوكَ طَرِيقَتِهِمْ وَمَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ وَالْوَرَعِ. قُلْتُ: بَلْ إِنَّمَا كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّ فِي كَلَامِ بَعْضِ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ التَّقَشُّفِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَرِدْ بِهِ الشَّرْعُ، وَالتَّدْقِيقُ وَالتَّنْقِيرُ وَالْمُحَاسَبَةُ الْبَلِيغَةُ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ أَمْرٌ ; وَلِهَذَا لَمَّا وَقَفَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ عَلَى كِتَابِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ الْمُسَمَّى " بِالرِّعَايَةِ " قَالَ: هَذَا بِدْعَةٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي جَاءَهُ بِهِ: عَلَيْكَ بِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مَالِكٌ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَدَعْ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ بِدْعَةٌ. وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْحَرْبِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ يَدُومَ اللَّهُ لَكَ عَلَى مَا تُحِبُّ فَدُمْ لَهُ عَلَى مَا يُحِبُّ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: الصَّبْرُ عَلَى الْفَقْرِ مَرْتَبَةٌ لَا يَنَالُهَا إِلَّا الْأَكَابِرُ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: الْفَقْرُ أَشْرَفُ مِنَ الْغِنَى، فَإِنَّ الصَّبْرَ عَلَيْهِ أَعْظَمُ مَرَارَةً، وَانْزِعَاجَهُ أَعْظَمُ حَالًا مِنَ الشُّكْرِ. وَقَالَ: لَا أَعْدِلُ بِفَضْلِ الْفَقْرِ شَيْئًا. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: عَلَى الْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الرِّزْقَ بَعْدَ الْيَأْسِ، وَلَا يَقْبَلَهُ إِذَا تَقَدَّمَهُ طَمَعٌ أَوِ اسْتِشْرَافٌ. وَكَانَ يُحِبُّ التَّقَلُّلَ طَلَبًا لِخِفَّةِ الْحِسَابِ. وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِأَحْمَدَ: هَذَا الْعِلْمُ تَعَلَّمْتَهُ لِلَّهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَذَا شَرْطٌ شَدِيدٌ، وَلَكِنْ حُبِّبَ إِلَيَّ شَيْءٌ فَجَمَعْتُهُ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ أَنَّ رَجُلًا جَاءَ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أُمِّي زَمِنَةٌ مُقْعَدَةٌ مُنْذُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَقَدْ بَعَثَتْنِي إِلَيْكَ لِتَدْعُوَ اللَّهَ لَهَا، فَكَأَنَّهُ غَضِبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: نَحْنُ أَحْوَجُ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ هِيَ لَنَا. ثُمَّ دَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهَا. فَرَجَعَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ فَدَقَّ الْبَابَ فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى رِجْلَيْهَا، وَقَالَتْ قَدْ وَهَبَنِي اللَّهُ الْعَافِيَةَ. وَرَوِيَ أَنْ سَائِلًا سَأَلَ فَأَعْطَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ قِطْعَةً، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى السَّائِلِ فَقَالَ: هَبْنِي هَذِهِ الْقِطْعَةَ حَتَّى أُعْطِيَكَ عِوَضَهَا، مَا يُسَاوِي دِرْهَمًا فَأَبَى فَرَقَّاهُ إِلَى خَمْسِينَ وَهُوَ يَأْبَى، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَرْجُو مَنْ بَرَكَتِهَا مَا تَرْجُوهُ أَنْتَ مَنْ بَرَكَتِهَا. بَابُ ذِكْرِ مَا جَاءَ فِي مِحْنَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، ؓ فِي أَيَّامِ الْمَأْمُونِ ثُمَّ الْمُعْتَصِمِ، ثُمَّ الْوَاثِقِ بِسَبَبِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَمَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ الطَّوِيلِ وَالضَّرْبِ الشَّدِيدِ، وَالتَّهْدِيدِ بِالْقَتْلِ بِسُوءِ الْعَذَابِ وَأَلِيمِ الْعِقَابِ وَقِلَّةِ مُبَالَاتِهِ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ، وَصَبْرِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَتَمَسُّكِهِ بِمَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدِّينِ الْقَوِيمِ وَالصِّرَاطِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ عَالِمًا بِمَا وَرَدَ بِمِثْلِ حَالِهِ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْمَتْلُوَّةِ وَالْآثَارِ الْمَأْثُورَةِ، وَبَلَغَهُ مَا أُوصِيَ بِهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَالْيَقَظَةِ، فَرَضِيَ وَسَلَّمَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا، وَفَازَ بِخَيْرِ الدُّنْيَا وَنَعِيمِ الْآخِرَةِ، وَهَيَّأَهُ اللَّهُ بِمَا آتَاهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِبُلُوغِ أَعْلَى مَنَازِلِ أَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ فِي اللَّهِ مِنْ أَوْلِيَاءِ اللَّهِ، وَأَلْحَقَ بِهِ مُحِبِّيهِ فِيمَا نَالَ مِنْ كَرَامَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ بَلِيَّةٍ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَالْعِصْمَةُ. قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: الم أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُتْرَكُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لَا يُفْتَنُونَ وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْكَاذِبِينَ [ الْعَنْكَبُوتِ: 1 - 3 ] وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي وَصِيَّةِ لُقْمَانَ لِابْنِهِ: يَا بُنَيَّ أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ [ لُقْمَانَ: 17 ] فِي آيٍ سِوَاهَا فِي مَعْنَى مَا كَتَبْنَا. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ الْمُمْتَحَنَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ قَائِلًا فِيهِ: عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، سَمِعْتُ مُصْعَبَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَعْدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَشَدُّ بَلَاءً ؟ فَقَالَ: الْأَنْبِيَاءُ، ثُمَّ الْأَمْثَلُ فَالْأَمْثَلُ، ثُمَّ يُبْتَلَى الرَّجُلُ عَلَى حَسَبِ دِينِهِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ رَقِيقَ الدِّينِ ابْتُلِيَ عَلَى حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ صُلْبَ الدِّينِ ابْتُلِيَ عَلَى حَسَبِ ذَلِكَ، وَمَا يَزَالُ الْبَلَاءُ بِالرَّجُلِ حَتَّى يَمْشِيَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ خَطِيئَةٌ وَقَدْ رَوَى مُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحِهِ قَالَ: عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ثَلَاثَةٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ فَقَدْ وَجَدَ حَلَاوَةَ الْإِيمَانِ ; مَنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا سِوَاهُمَا، وَأَنْ يُحِبَّ الْمَرْءَ لَا يُحِبُّهُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، وَأَنْ يُقْذَفَ فِي النَّارِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى الْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَنْقَذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ وَأَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ. وَقَالَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ يَقُولُ: إِنَّكُمْ لَمْ تَرَوْا إِلَّا بَلَاءً وَفِتْنَةً، وَلَنْ يَزْدَادَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَّا شَدَّةً، وَلَا الْأَنْفُسُ إِلَّا شُحًّا. وَبِهِ، قَالَ مُعَاذٌ: " لَنْ تَرَوْا مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ إِلَّا غِلْظَةً وَلَنْ تَرَوْا أَمْرًا يَهُولُكُمْ وَيَشْتَدُّ عَلَيْكُمْ إِلَّا حَضَرَ بَعْدَهُ مَا هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ ". قَالَ الْبَغَوِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ رَضِينَا. يَمُدُّ بِهَا صَوْتَهُ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي الشَّافِعِيُّ بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ مِصْرَ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ وَقَدِ انْفَتَلَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ فَقَالَ: أَقَرَأْتَهُ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَا. فَأَخَذَهُ فَقَرَأَهُ فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَمَا فِيهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " اكْتُبْ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَاقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ، وَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ سَتُمْتَحَنُ، وَتُدْعَى إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ فَلَا تُجِبْهُمْ، يَرْفَعُ اللَّهُ لَكَ عَلَمًا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ. قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: فَقُلْتُ: حَلَاوَةُ الْبِشَارَةِ. فَخَلَعَ قَمِيصَةُ الَّذِي يَلِي جِلْدَهُ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ أَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ أَفْجَعُكَ فِيهِ، وَلَكِنْ بُلَّهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَأَعْطِنِيهِ حَتَّى أَتَبَرَّكَ بِهِ. ذِكْرُ مُلَخَّصِ الْفِتْنَةِ وَالْمِحْنَةِ مَجْمُوعًا مِنْ كَلَامِ أَئِمَّةِ السُّنَّةِ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَأَثَابَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ كَانَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَ بِهِ وَاسْتَحْوَذَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ، فَأَزَاغُوهُ عَنْ طَرِيقِ الْحَقِّ إِلَى الْبَاطِلِ، وَزَيَّنُوا لَهُ الْقَوْلَ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَنَفْيِ الصِّفَاتِ عَنِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْخُلَفَاءِ قَبْلَهُ لَا مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَلَا مِنْ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ خَلِيفَةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى مَنْهَجِ السَّلَفِ، حَتَّى وَلِيَ هُوَ الْخِلَافَةَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ بِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ فَحَمَلُوهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. قَالُوا: وَاتَّفَقَ خُرُوجُهُ إِلَى طَرَسُوسَ لِغَزْوِ بِلَادِ الرُّومِ فَعَنَّ لَهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى نَائِبِ بَغْدَادَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَاتَّفَقَ ذَلِكَ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِشُهُورٍ مِنْ سَنَةِ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ الْكِتَابُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا اسْتَدْعَى جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَامْتَنَعُوا، فَتَهَدَّدَهُمْ بِالضَّرْبِ، وَقَطْعِ الْأَرْزَاقِ، فَأَجَابَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُكْرَهِينَ، وَاسْتَمَرَّ عَلَى الِامْتِنَاعِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ الْجُنْدَيْسَابُورِيُّ، فَحُمِلَا عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، وَسَيَّرَهُمَا إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ بِذَلِكَ، وَهُمَا مُقَيَّدَانِ مُتَعَادِلَانِ فِي مَحْمَلٍ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا بِبِلَادِ الرَّحْبَةِ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مِنْ عُبَّادِهِمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: جَابِرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ. فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا هَذَا، إِنَّكَ وَافِدُ النَّاسِ، فَلَا تَكُنْ مَشْئُومًا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِنَّكَ رَأْسُ النَّاسِ الْيَوْمَ، فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَ فَيُجِيبُوا، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُحِبُّ اللَّهَ فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا أَنْتَ فِيهِ فَإِنَّ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُقْتَلَ، وَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تُقْتَلْ تَمُتْ، وَإِنْ عِشْتَ عِشْتَ حَمِيدًا. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مَا قَوَّى عَزْمِي عَلَى مَا أَنَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِامْتِنَاعِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبُوا مِنْ جَيْشِ الْمَأْمُونِ وَنَزَلُوا دُونَهُ بِمَرْحَلَةٍ جَاءَ خَادِمٌ، وَهُوَ يَمْسَحُ دُمُوعَهُ بِطَرَفِ ثِيَابِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَعِزُّ عَلَيَّ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنُّ الْمَأْمُونُ قَدْ سَلَّ سَيْفًا لَمْ يَسُلَّهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَبَسَطَ نِطْعًا لَمْ يَبْسُطْهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّهُ يُقْسِمُ بِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَئِنْ لَمْ تُجِبْهُ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ لَيَقْتُلَنَّكَ بِذَلِكَ السَّيْفِ. قَالَ: فَجَثَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَرَمَقَ بِطَرْفِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَيِّدِي غَرَّ حِلْمُكَ هَذَا الْفَاجِرَ حَتَّى يَتَجَبَّرَ عَلَى أَوْلِيَائِكَ بِالضَّرْبِ وَالْقَتْلِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَإِنْ يَكُنِ الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامُكَ غَيْرَ مَخْلُوقٍ فَاكْفِنَا مُؤْنَتَهُ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَهُمُ الصَّرِيخُ بِمَوْتِ الْمَأْمُونِ فِي الثُّلُثِ الْأَخِيرِ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَفَرِحْتُ بِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ بِأَنَّ الْمُعْتَصِمَ قَدْ وَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ، وَقَدِ انْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، وَأَنَّ الْأَمْرَ شَدِيدٌ، فَرَدُّونَا إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فِي سَفِينَةٍ مَعَ بَعْضِ الْأُسَارَى، وَنَالَنِي مَعَهُمْ أَذًى كَثِيرٌ، وَكَانَ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ الْقُيُودُ، وَمَاتَ صَاحِبُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ فِي الطَّرِيقِ وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ دَخَلَهَا وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَأُودِعَ السِّجْنَ نَحْوًا مِنْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ شَهْرًا. وَقِيلَ: نَيِّفًا وَثَلَاثِينَ شَهْرًا. ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ إِلَى الضَّرْبِ بَيْنَ يَدِيِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَبِهِ الثِّقَةُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي بِأَهْلِ السِّجْنِ وَعَلَيْهِ قُيُودٌ فِي رِجْلَيْهِ. ذِكْرُ ضَرْبِهِ ؓ، بَيْنَ يَدِيِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ لَمَّا أَحْضَرَهُ الْمُعْتَصِمُ مِنَ السِّجْنِ زِيدَ فِي قُيُودِهِ، قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ أَمْشِيَ بِهَا فَرَبَطْتُهَا فِي التِّكَّةِ وَحَمَلْتُهَا بِيَدِي، ثُمَّ جَاءُونِي بِدَابَّةٍ فَحُمِلْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَكِدْتُ أَنْ أَسْقُطَ عَلَى وَجْهِي مِنْ ثِقَلِ الْقُيُودِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعِي أَحَدٌ يُمْسِكُنِي، فَسَلَّمَ اللَّهُ حَتَّى جِئْنَا دَارَ الْخِلَافَةِ فَأُدْخِلْتُ فِي بَيْتٍ، وَأُغْلِقَ عَلَيَّ، وَلَيْسَ عِنْدِي سِرَاجٌ فَأَرَدْتُ الْوُضُوءَ فَمَدَدْتُ يَدِي فَإِذَا إِنَاءٌ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَتَوَضَّأْتُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قُمْتُ أَصْلِي، وَلَا أَعْرِفُ الْقِبْلَةَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ إِذَا أَنَا عَلَى الْقِبْلَةِ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ دُعِيتُ فَأُدْخِلْتُ عَلَى الْمُعْتَصِمِ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ، وَعِنْدَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ قَالَ: أَلَيْسَ قَدْ زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّهُ حَدَثُ السِّنِّ، وَهَذَا شَيْخٌ مُكْتَهِلٌ ؟ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ وَسَلَّمْتُ قَالَ لِيَ: ادْنُهْ. فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُدْنِينِي حَتَّى قَرُبْتُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اجْلِسْ. فَجَلَسْتُ وَقَدْ أَثْقَلَنِي الْحَدِيدُ، فَمَكَثْتُ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِلَامَ دَعَا إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ؟ قَالَ: إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. قُلْتُ: فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ حَدِيثَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي وَفْدِ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: فَهَذَا الَّذِي دَعَا إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ بِكَلَامٍ لَمْ أَفْهَمْهُ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَتَفَقَّهْ كَلَامَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ: لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ فِي يَدِ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلِي لَمْ أَتَعَرَّضْ إِلَيْكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَلَمْ آمُرْكَ أَنْ تَرْفَعَ الْمِحْنَةَ ؟ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَقُلْتُ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، هَذَا فَرَجٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: نَاظِرُوهُ، يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ كَلِّمْهُ. فَقَالَ لِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ؟ فَلَمْ أُجِبْهُ، فَقَالَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ: أَجِبْهُ. فَقُلْتُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْعِلْمِ ؟ فَسَكَتَ، فَقُلْتُ: الْقُرْآنُ مِنْ عِلْمِ اللَّهِ، وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ عِلْمَ اللَّهِ مَخْلُوقٌ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ. فَسَكَتَ، فَقَالُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، كَفَّرَكَ وَكَفَّرَنَا. فَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: كَانَ اللَّهُ وَلَا قُرْآنَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: كَانَ اللَّهُ وَلَا عِلْمَ ؟ فَسَكَتَ. فَجَعَلُوا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ مِنْ هَاهُنَا وَهَاهُنَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَعْطُونِي شَيْئًا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، أَوْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ حَتَّى أَقُولَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: وَأَنْتَ لَا تَقُولُ إِلَّا بِهَذَا وَهَذَا ؟ فَقُلْتُ: وَهَلْ يَقُومُ الْإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا بِهِمَا ؟ وَجَرَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاظَرَاتٌ طَوِيلَةٌ، وَاحْتَجُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِقَوْلِهِ مَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ ذِكْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ مُحْدَثٍ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 2 ] وَعَنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ أَجْوِبَةٌ بِحَدَثِ إِنْزَالِهِ، أَوْ ذِكْرٌ غَيْرُ الْقُرْآنِ مُحْدَثٌ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَرَشَّحَ هَذَا بُقُولِهِ ص وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ [ ص: 1 ] يَعْنِي بِهِ الْقُرْآنَ بِخِلَافِ الذِّكْرِ فَإِنَّهُ غَيْرُ الْقُرْآنِ. وَبِقَوْلِهِ اللَّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ [ الرَّعْدِ: 16 ] وَأَجَابَ بِمَا حَاصِلُهُ أَنَّهُ عَامٌّ مَخْصُوصٌ بِقَوْلِهِ تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهَا [ الْأَحْقَافِ: 25 ] فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: هُوَ وَاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ضَالٌّ مُضِلٌّ مُبْتَدِعٌ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ قُضَاتُكَ وَالْفُقَهَاءُ فَسَلْهُمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيهِ: فَأَجَابُوا بِمِثْلِ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، ثُمَّ أَحْضَرُوهُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي فَنَاظَرُوهُ أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّالِثِ فَنَاظَرُوهُ أَيْضًا، وَفِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ يَعْلُو صَوْتُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَتَغْلِبُ حُجَّتُهُ حُجَجَهُمْ. قَالَ: فَإِذَا سَكَتُوا فَتَحَ الْكَلَامَ عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَجْهَلِ النَّاسِ بِالْعِلْمِ وَالْكَلَامِ، وَقَدْ تَنَوَّعَتْ بِهِمُ الْمَسَائِلُ فِي الْمُجَادَلَةِ، وَلَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِالنَّقْلِ، فَجَعَلُوا يُنْكِرُونَ الْآثَارَ، وَيَرُدُّونَ الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِهَا. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: سَمِعْتُ مِنْهُمْ مَقَالَاتٍ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ أَحَدًا يَقُولُهَا، وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ مَعِي بُرْغُوثٌ بِكَلَامٍ طَوِيلٍ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ الْجِسْمَ وَغَيْرَهُ بِمَا لَا فَائِدَةَ فِيهِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا تَقُولُ إِلَّا أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَدٌ صَمَدٌ، لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ، فَسَكَتَ عَنِّي. وَقَدْ أَوْرَدْتُ لَهُمْ حَدِيثَ الرُّؤْيَةِ فِي الدَّارِ الْآخِرَةِ فَحَاوَلُوا أَنْ يُضَعِّفُوا إِسْنَادَهُ، وَيُلَفِّقُوا عَنْ بَعْضِ الْمُحَدِّثِينَ كَلَامًا يَتَسَلَّقُونَ بِهِ إِلَى الطَّعْنِ فِيهِ، وَهَيْهَاتَ وَأَنَّى لَهُمُ التَّنَاوُشُ مِنْ مَكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ [ سَبَأٍ: 52 ] وَفِي غُبُونِ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ يَتَلَطَّفُ بِهِ الْخَلِيفَةُ، وَيَقُولُ: يَا أَحْمَدُ، أَجِبْنِي إِلَى هَذَا حَتَّى أَجْعَلَكَ مِنْ خَاصَّتِي، وَمِمَّنْ يَطَأُ بِسَاطِي. فَأَقُولُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَأْتُونِي بِآيَةٍ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَوْ سُنَّةٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أُجِيبَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا. وَاحْتَجَّ أَحْمَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ حِينَ أَنْكَرُوا الِاحْتِجَاجَ بِالْآثَارِ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: حِكَايَةً عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ تَعْبُدُ مَا لَا يَسْمَعُ وَلَا يُبْصِرُ وَلَا يُغْنِي عَنْكَ شَيْئًا [ مَرْيَمَ: 42 ] وَبُقُولِهِ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 164 ] وَبِقَوْلِهِ: إِنَّنِي أَنَا اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدْنِي [ طه: 14 ]، وَبِقَوْلِهِ: أَلَا لَهُ الْخَلْقُ وَالْأَمْرُ [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 54 ] وَبِقَوْلِهِ إِنَّمَا قَوْلُنَا لِشَيْءٍ إِذَا أَرَدْنَاهُ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ [ النَّحْلِ: 40 ] إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ. فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَقُمْ لَهُمْ مَعَهُ حُجَّةٌ عَدَلُوا إِلَى اسْتِعْمَالِ جَاهِ الْخَلِيفَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَذَا كَافِرٌ ضَالٌّ مُضِلٌّ. وَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ نَائِبُ بَغْدَادَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَيْسَ مِنْ تَدْبِيرِ الْخِلَافَةِ أَنْ تُخَلِّيَ سَبِيلَهُ وَيَغْلِبَ خَلِيفَتَيْنِ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ حَمِيَ وَاشْتَدَّ غَضَبُهُ، وَكَانَ أَلْيَنَهُمْ عَرِيكَةً، وَهُوَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لِي: لَعَنَكَ اللَّهُ، طَمِعْتُ فِيكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي فَلَمْ تَجْبُنِي. ثُمَّ قَالَ: خُذُوهُ وَاخْلَعُوهُ وَاسْحَبُوهُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَأُخِذْتُ وَسُحِبْتُ وَخُلِعْتُ وَجِيءَ بِالْعُقَابَيْنِ وَالسِّيَاطِ، وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ، وَكَانَ مَعِي شَعْرٌ مِنْ شَعْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَصْرُورٌ فِي ثَوْبِي فَجَرَّدُونِي مِنْهُ، وَصِرْتُ بَيْنَ الْعُقَابَيْنِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، اللَّهَ اللَّهَ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ.. وَتَلَوْتُ الْحَدِيثَ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ فَبِمَ تَسْتَحِلُّ دَمِي، وَلَمْ آتِ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَذَا، يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اذْكُرْ وُقُوفَكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ كَوُقُوفِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ. فَكَأَنَّهُ أَمْسَكَ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَالُوا يَقُولُونَ لَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ ضَالٌّ مُضِلٌّ كَافِرٌ. فَأَمَرَ بِي فَأُقِمْتُ بَيْنَ الْعُقَابَيْنِ، وَجِيءَ بِكُرْسِيٍّ فَأُقِمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَمَرَنِي بَعْضُهُمْ أَنْ آخُذَ بِيَدِي بِأَيِّ الْخَشَبَتَيْنِ فَلَمْ أَفْهَمْ، فَتَخَلَّعَتْ يَدَايَ، وَجِيءَ بِالضَّرَّابِينَ، وَمَعَهُمُ السِّيَاطُ فَجَعَلَ أَحَدُهُمْ يَضْرِبُنِي سَوْطَيْنِ، وَيَقُولُ لَهُ يَعْنِي الْمُعْتَصِمُ: شُدَّ، قَطَّعَ اللَّهُ يَدَكَ ! وَيَجِيءُ الْآخَرُ فَيَضْرِبُنِي سَوْطَيْنِ، ثُمَّ الْآخَرُ كَذَلِكَ، فَضَرَبُونِي أَسْوَاطًا فَأُغْمِيَ عَلَيَّ، وَذَهَبَ عَقْلِي مِرَارًا، فَإِذَا سَكَنَ الضَّرْبُ يَعُودُ إِلَيَّ عَقْلِي، وَقَامَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ إِلَيَّ يَدْعُونِي إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ فَلَمْ أُجِبْهُ، وَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ: وَيْحَكَ، الْخَلِيفَةُ عَلَى رَأْسِكَ. فَلَمْ أَقْبَلْ، فَأَعَادُوا الضَّرْبَ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيَّ فَلَمْ أُجِبْهُ، فَأَعَادُوا الضَّرْبَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ إِلَيَّ الثَّالِثَةَ، فَدَعَانِي فَلَمْ أَعْقِلْ مَا قَالَ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الضَّرْبِ، ثُمَّ أَعَادُوا الضَّرْبَ فَذَهَبَ عَقْلِي فَلَمْ أُحِسَّ بِالضَّرْبِ، وَأَرْعَبَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِي، وَأَمَرَ بِي فَأُطْلِقْتُ، وَلَمْ أَشْعُرْ إِلَّا وَأَنَا فِي حُجْرَةٍ مِنْ بِيْتٍ وَقَدْ أُطْلِقَتِ الْأَقْيَادُ مِنْ رِجْلِي، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْخَامِسِ وَالْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ الْخَلِيفَةُ بِإِطْلَاقِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، وَكَانَ جُمْلَةُ مَا ضُرِبَ نَيِّفًا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَوْطًا، وَقِيلَ: ثَمَانِينَ سَوْطًا لَكِنْ كَانَ ضَرْبًا مُبَرِّحًا شَدِيدًا جِدًّا. وَقَدْ كَانَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ رَجُلًا طُوَالًا رَقِيقًا أَسْمَرَ اللَّوْنِ كَثِيرَ التَّوَاضُعِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرَمَ مَثْوَاهُ. وَلَمَّا حُمِلَ مِنْ دَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ إِلَى دَارِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، أَتَوْهُ بِسَوِيقٍ وَمَاءٍ ; لِيُفْطِرَ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأَتَمَّ صَوْمَهُ، وَحِينَ حَضَرَتْ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ صَلَّى مَعَهُمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ سَمَاعَةَ الْقَاضِي: صَلَّيْتَ فِي دَمِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ صَلَّى عُمَرُ وَجُرْحُهُ يَثْعَبُ دَمًا. فَسَكَتَ. وَيُرْوَى أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أُقِيمَ لِيُضْرَبَ انْقَطَعَتْ تِكَّةُ سَرَاوِيلِهِ فَخَشِيَ أَنْ يَسْقُطَ سَرَاوِيلُهُ فَتُكْشَفَ عَوْرَتَهُ، فَحَرَّكَ شَفَتَيْهِ بِدُعَاءٍ فَعَادَ سَرَاوِيلُهُ كَمَا كَانَ. وَيُرْوَى أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا غَيَّاثَ الْمُسْتَغِيثِينَ يَا إِلَهَ الْعَالَمِينَ، إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي قَائِمٌ لَكَ بِحَقٍّ فَلَا تَهْتِكْ لِي عَوْرَةً. وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ جَاءَهُ الْجَرَّايِحِيُّ فَقَطَعَ لَحْمًا مَيِّتًا مِنْ جَسَدِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يُدَاوِيهِ، وَالنَّائِبُ يَبْعَثُ كَثِيرًا فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُعْتَصِمَ نَدِمَ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْهُ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ نَدَمًا كَثِيرًا، وَجَعَلَ يَسْأَلُ النَّائِبَ عَنْهُ، وَالنَّائِبُ يَسْتَعْلِمُ خَبَرَهُ، فَلَمَّا عُوفِيَ فَرِحَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ، وَلَمَّا شَفَاهُ اللَّهُ بِالْعَافِيَةِ بَقِيَ مُدَّةً وَإِبْهَامَاهُ يُؤْذِيهِمَا الْبَرْدُ، وَجَعَلَ كُلَّ مَنْ سَعَى فِي أَمْرِهِ فِي حِلٍّ إِلَّا أَهْلَ الْبِدْعَةِ، وَكَانَ يَتْلُو فِي ذَلِكَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ [ النُّورِ: 22 ] وَيَقُولُ: مَاذَا يَنْفَعُكَ أَنْ يُعَذَّبَ أَخُوكَ الْمُسْلِمُ فِي سَبِيلِكَ ؟ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ [ الشُّورَى: 40 ] وَيُنَادَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ: " لِيَقُمْ مَنْ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ " فَلَا يَقُومُ إِلَّا مَنْ عَفَا. وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ثَلَاثٌ أُقْسِمُ عَلَيْهِنَّ: مَا نَقَصَ مَالٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ، وَمَا زَادَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا، وَمَنْ تَوَاضَعَ لِلَّهِ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ. وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ ثَبَتُوا عَلَى الْمِحْنَةِ فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوا بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ أَرْبَعَةٌ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَهُوَ رَئِيسُهُمْ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الْجُنْدَيْسَابُورِيُّ، وَمَاتَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ حِينَ ذَهَبَ هُوَ وَأَحْمَدُ إِلَى الْمَأْمُونِ وَنُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ فِي السِّجْنِ، وَأَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ فِي سِجْنِ الْوَاثِقِ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، لَمْ يُجِبْهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. وَكَانَ مُثْقَلًا بِالْحَدِيدِ، وَأَوْصَى أَنْ يُدْفَنَ فِيهَا، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا كَيْفِيَّةَ قَتْلِهِ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - فِي أَيَّامِ الْوَاثِقِ. ذِكْرُ ثَنَاءِ الْأَئِمَّةِ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ الْمُعَظِّمِ الْمُبَجَّلِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: لَمَّا ضُرِبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ كُنَّا بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيَّ يَقُولُ: لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَكَانَ أُحْدُوثَةً. وَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ: لَوْ كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ لَكَانَ عَجَبًا. وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يَوْمَ الْمِحْنَةِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَوْمَ الرِّدَّةِ، وَعُمَرُ يَوْمَ السَّقِيفَةِ، وَعُثْمَانُ يَوْمَ الدَّارِ، وَعَلِيٌّ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ. وَقَالَ حَرْمَلَةُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ فَمَا خَلَّفْتُ بِهَا رَجُلًا أَفْضَلَ وَلَا أَعْلَمَ وَلَا أَوْرَعَ وَلَا أَتْقَى مِنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَالَ شَيْخُهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ: مَا قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ بَغْدَادَ أَحَدٌ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَالَ قُتَيْبَةُ: مَاتَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ وَمَاتَ الْوَرَعُ، وَمَاتَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَمَاتَتِ السُّنَنُ، وَيَمُوتُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَتَظْهَرُ الْبِدَعُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ قُتَيْبَةُ: إِنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ قَامَ فِي الْأُمَّةِ مَقَامَ النُّبُوَّةِ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: يَعْنِي فِي صَبْرِهِ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَهُ مِنَ الْأَذَى فِي ذَاتِ اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ ابْنُ النَّحَّاسِ وَذَكَرَ أَحْمَدَ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ: رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ فِي الدِّينِ مَا كَانَ أَبْصَرَهُ، وَعَنِ الدُّنْيَا مَا كَانَ أَصْبَرَهُ، وَفِي الزُّهْدِ مَا كَانَ أَخْبَرَهُ، وَبِالصَّالِحِينَ مَا كَانَ أَلْحَقَهُ، وَبِالْمَاضِينَ مَا كَانَ أَشْبَهَهُ، عَرَضَتْ لَهُ الدُّنْيَا فَأَبَاهَا، وَالْبِدَعُ فَنَفَاهَا. وَقَالَ بِشْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْحَافِي بَعْدَمَا ضُرِبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: أُدْخِلَ أَحْمَدُ الْكِيرَ فَخَرَجَ ذَهَبًا أَحْمَرَ. وَقَالَ الْمَيْمُونِيُّ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ بَعْدَمَا امْتُحِنَ أَحْمَدُ، وَقَبْلَ أَنْ يُمْتَحَنَ: يَا مَيْمُونِيُّ، مَا قَامَ أَحَدٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا قَامَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ. فَعَجِبْتُ مِنْ هَذَا عَجَبًا شَدِيدًا، وَذَهَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، فَحَكَيْتُ لَهُ مَقَالَةَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، فَقَالَ: صَدَقَ، إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ وَجَدَ يَوْمَ الرِّدَّةِ أَنْصَارًا وَأَعْوَانًا وَإِنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَنْصَارٌ وَلَا أَعْوَانٌ. ثُمَّ أَخَذَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يُطْرِي أَحْمَدَ وَيَقُولُ: لَسْتُ أَعْلَمُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِثْلَهُ. وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ حُجَّةٌ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَبَيْنَ عَبِيدِهِ فِي أَرْضِهِ. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: إِذَا ابْتُلِيتُ بِشَيْءٍ فَأَفْتَانِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ لَمْ أُبَالِ إِذَا لَقِيتُ رَبِّي كَيْفَ كَانَ. وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ أَيْضًا: إِنِّي اتَّخَذْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ حُجَّةً فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَمَنْ يَقْوَى عَلَى مَا يَقْوَى عَلَيْهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؟ وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ أَيْضًا: كَانَ فِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ خِصَالٌ مَا رَأَيْتُهَا فِي عَالِمٍ قَطُّ، كَانَ مُحَدِّثًا، وَكَانَ حَافِظًا، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا، وَكَانَ وَرِعًا، وَكَانَ زَاهِدًا، وَكَانَ عَاقِلًا. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ أَيْضًا: أَرَادَ النَّاسُ مِنَّا أَنْ نَكُونَ مِثْلَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَاللَّهِ مَا نَقْوَى أَنْ نَكُونَ مِثْلَ أَحْمَدَ، وَلَا نُطِيقُ سُلُوكَ طَرِيقِهِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الذُّهْلِيُّ: اتَّخَذْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ حُجَّةً فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَالَ هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الرَّقِّيُّ: مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ بِأَرْبَعَةٍ: بِالشَّافِعِيِّ، فَهِمَ الْأَحَادِيثَ وَفَسَّرَهَا، وَبَيَّنَ الْمُجْمَلَ مِنَ الْمُفَسَّرِ، وَالْخَاصِّ مِنَ الْعَامِّ، وَالنَّاسِخَ مِنَ الْمَنْسُوخِ، وَبِأَبِي عُبَيْدٍ عَرَفَ الْغَرِيبَ وَفَسَّرَهُ، وَبِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ نَفَى الْكَذِبَ عَنِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، وَبِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ثَبَتَ فِي الْمِحْنَةِ، لَوْلَا هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ لَهَلَكَ النَّاسُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ ابْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ مُقَدَّمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ حَمَلَ بِيَدِهِ قَلَمًا وَمِحْبَرَةً ; يَعْنِي فِي عَصْرِهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَلَا رَأَيْتُ مَنْ رَأَى مِثْلَهُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ: مَا أَعْرِفُ فِي أَصْحَابِنَا أَسْوَدَ الرَّأْسِ أَفْقَهَ مِنْهُ. وعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيِّ قَالَ: أَنْشَدَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ فِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: إِنَّ ابْنَ حَنْبَلٍ إِنْ سَأَلْتَ إَمَامُنَا وَبِهِ الْأَئِمَّةُ فِي الْأَنَامِ تَمَسَّكُوا خَلَفَ النَّبِيَّ مُحَمَّدًا بَعْدَ الْأُلَى كَانُوا الْخَلَائِفَ بَعْدَهُ وَاسْتَهْلَكُوا حَذْوَ الشِّرَاكِ عَلَى الشِّرَاكِ وَإِنَّمَا يَحْذُو الْمِثَالَ مِثَالُهُ الْمُتَمِسِّكُ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَزَالُ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي ظَاهِرِينَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ مَنْ خَذَلَهُمْ وَلَا مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ، وَهُمْ كَذَلِكَ وَعَنْ مُعَانٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعُذْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَحْمِلُ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ كُلِّ خَلَفٍ عُدُولُهُ يَنْفُونَ عَنْهُ تَحْرِيفَ الْغَالِينَ، وَانْتِحَالَ الْمُبْطِلِينَ، وَتَأْوِيلَ الْجَاهِلِينَ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُرْسَلٌ، وَإِسْنَادُهُ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ، وَالْعَجَبُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ صَحَّحَهُ، وَاحْتَجَّ بِهِ عَلَى عَدَالَةِ كُلِّ مَنْ نُسِبَ إِلَى حَمْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَكْرَمَ مَثْوَاهُ. ذِكْرُ مَا كَانَ مَنْ أَمْرِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بَعْدَ الْمِحْنَةِ حِينَ أُخْرِجَ مِنْ دَارِ الْخِلَافَةِ بَعْدَ الضَّرْبِ صَارَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ فَدُووِيَ حَتَّى بَرِئَ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. وَلَزِمَ مَنْزِلَهُ فَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ إِلَى جَمَاعَةٍ وَلَا جُمُعَةٍ، وَامْتَنَعَ مِنَ التَّحْدِيثِ، وَكَانَتْ غَلَّتُهُ مِنْ مِلْكٍ لَهُ ; فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا يُنْفِقُهَا عَلَى عِيَالِهِ، وَيَتَقَنَّعُ بِذَلِكَ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ مُدَّةَ خِلَافَةِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي أَيَّامِ ابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَاثِقِ. فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى اللَّهِ جَعْفَرُ ابْنُ الْمُعْتَصِمِ اسْتَبْشَرَ النَّاسُ بِوِلَايَتِهِ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مُحِبًّا لِلسُّنَّةِ وَأَهْلِهَا، وَرَفَعَ الْمِحْنَةَ عَنِ النَّاسِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْآفَاقِ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمَ أَحَدٌ فِي الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى نَائِبِهِ بِبَغْدَادَ وَهُوَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ بِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ إِلَيْهِ، فَاسْتَدْعَى إِسْحَاقُ بِالْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَكْرَمَهُ إِسْحَاقُ وَعَظَّمَهُ ; لِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ إِعْظَامِ الْخَلِيفَةِ لَهُ وَإِجْلَالِهِ إِيَّاهُ، وَسَأَلَهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحْمَدُ: سُؤَالُ تَعَنُّتٍ أَوِ اسْتِرْشَادٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلْ سُؤَالُ اسْتِرْشَادٍ. فَقَالَ: هُوَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ مَنَزَّلٌ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ. فَسَكَنَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ جَهَّزَهُ إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ بِسُرَّ مَنْ رَأَى، ثُمَّ سَبَقَهُ إِلَيْهِ. وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ اجْتَازَ بِابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فَلْمْ يَأْتِهِ وَلَمْ يُسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَغَضِبَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَشَكَاهُ إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ، فَقَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ: يُرَدُّ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ وَطِئَ بِسَاطِي. فَرَجَعَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ وَقَدْ كَانَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ مُتَكَرِّهًا لِذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَهُنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ رُجُوعُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي كَانَ هُوَ السَّبَبَ فِي ضَرْبِهِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُبْتَدِعَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الثَّلْجِيِّ وَشَى إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ قَدْ ضَوَى إِلَى مَنْزِلِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَهُوَ يُبَايِعُ لَهُ النَّاسَ فِي الْبَاطِنِ. فَأَمَرَ الْخَلِيفَةُ نَائِبَ بَغْدَادَ أَنْ يَكْبِسَ مَنْزِلَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ. فَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا إِلَّا وَالْمَشَاعِلُ قَدْ أَحَاطَتْ بِالدَّارِ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ حَتَّى مِنْ فَوْقِ الْأَسْطِحَةِ فَوَجَدُوا الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ جَالِسًا فِي دَارِهِ مَعَ عِيَالِهِ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَمَّا ذُكِرَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ عِنْدِي مِنْ هَذَا عِلْمٌ، وَلَيْسَ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ، وَلَا هَذَا مِنْ نِيَّتِي، وَإِنِّي لِأَرَى طَاعَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي السِّرِّ وَالْعَلَانِيَةِ، وَفِي عُسْرِي وَيُسْرِي، وَمَنْشَطِي وَمَكْرَهِي، وَأَثَرَةٍ عَلَيَّ، وَإِنِّي لَأَدْعُو اللَّهَ لَهُ بِالتَّسْدِيدِ وَالتَّوْفِيقِ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ. فِي كَلَامٍ كَثِيرٍ، فَفَتَّشُوا مَنْزِلَهُ حَتَّى مَكَانَ الْكُتُبِ وَبُيُوتَ النِّسَاءِ وَالْأَسْطِحَةَ وَغَيْرَهَا فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ ذَلِكَ، وَعَلِمَ بَرَاءَتَهُ مِمَّا نُسِبَ إِلَيْهِ، عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ يَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ كَثِيرًا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمَعْرُوفَ بِقَوْصَرَةَ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْحَجَبَةِ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنَ الْخَلِيفَةِ، وَقَالَ: هُوَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: اسْتَنْفَقَ هَذِهِ. فَامْتَنَعَ مَنْ قَبُولِهَا. فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَخْشَى مِنْ رَدِّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَنْ يَقَعَ وَحْشَةٌ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ، وَالْمَصْلَحَةُ لَكَ قَبُولُهَا، فَوَضَعَهَا عِنْدَهُ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ اسْتَدْعَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَهْلَهُ وَبَنِي عَمِّهِ وَعِيَالَهُ، وَقَالَ: لَمْ أَنَمْ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ. فَجَلَسُوا مَعَهُ، وَكَتَبُوا أَسْمَاءَ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْمُحْتَاجِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَغْدَادَ وَالْبَصْرَةِ، ثُمَّ أَصْبَحَ فَفَرَّقَهَا فِي النَّاسِ مَا بَيْنَ الْخَمْسِينَ إِلَى الْمِائَةِ وَالْمِائَتَيْنِ وَلَمْ يبْقِ مِنْهَا دِرْهَمًا، وَأَعْطَى مِنْهَا لِأَبِي كُرَيْبٍ، وَأَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجِّ، وَتَصَدَّقَ بِالْكِيسِ الَّذِي كَانَتْ فِيهِ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِ مِنْهَا لِأَهْلِهِ شَيْئًا، وَهُمْ فِي غَايَةِ الْفَقْرِ وَالْحَاجَةِ، وَجَاءَ بُنَيُّ ابْنِهِ فَقَالَ: أَعْطِنِي دِرْهَمًا. فَنَظَرَ أَحْمَدُ إِلَى ابْنِهِ صَالِحٍ، فَتَنَاوَلَ صَالِحٌ قِطْعَةً فَأَعْطَاهَا الصَّبِيَّ، فَسَكَتَ أَحْمَدُ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَبَلَغَ الْخَلِيفَةُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ تَصَدَّقَ بِالْجَائِزَةِ كُلِّهَا حَتَّى لَمْ يُبْقِ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا وَأَنَّهُ تَصَدَّقَ بِكِيسِهَا، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ قَبِلَهَا مِنْكَ وَتَصَدَّقَ بِهَا عَنْكَ، وَمَا يَصْنَعُ أَحْمَدُ بِالْمَالِ ؟ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِيهِ رَغِيفٌ. فَقَالَ: صَدَقْتَ. فَلَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَابْنُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا الْقَرِيبُ، وَتَوَلَّى نِيَابَةَ بَغْدَادَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، كَتَبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ إِلَيْهِ الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ، فَقَالَ لِأَحْمَدَ فِي ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ: إِنِّي شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ وَضَعِيفٌ، فَرَدَّ الْجَوَابَ عَلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ يَعْزِمُ عَلَيْهِ لَتَأْتِيَنِّي، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ يَقُولُ لَهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ آنَسَ بِقُرْبِكَ، وَبِالنَّظَرِ إِلَيْكَ، وَيَحْصُلَ لِي بَرَكَةُ دُعَائِكَ. فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَهُوَ عَلِيلٌ فِي بَنِيهِ وَبَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ، فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ الْعَسْكَرَ تَلَقَّاهُ وَصِيفٌ الْخَادِمُ فِي مَوْكِبٍ عَظِيمٍ، فَسَلَّمَ وَصِيفٌ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، فَرَدَّ السَّلَامَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ وَصِيفٌ: قَدْ أَمْكَنَكَ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَدُوِّكَ ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ. فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ جَوَابًا، وَجَعَلَ ابْنُهُ يَدْعُو اللَّهَ لِلْخَلِيفَةِ وَلِوَصِيفٍ فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِ بِسُرَّ مَنْ رَأَى، أُنْزِلَ أَحْمَدُ فِي دَارِ إِيتَاخَ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ ارْتَحَلَ مِنْهَا، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُسْتَكْرَى لَهُ دَارٌ غَيْرُهَا. وَكَانَ رُءُوسُ الْأُمَرَاءِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ يَحْضُرُونَ عِنْدَهُ، وَيُبَلِّغُونَهُ عَنِ الْخَلِيفَةِ السَّلَامَ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَخْلَعُوا مَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الزِّينَةِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلِيفَةُ بِالْمَفَارِشِ الْوَطِيئَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الْآلَاتِ الَّتِي تَلِيقُ بِتِلْكَ الدَّارِ الْعَظِيمَةِ. وَأَرَادَ مِنْهُ الْخَلِيفَةُ أَنْ يُقِيمَ هُنَاكَ لِيُحَدِّثَ النَّاسَ عِوَضًا عَمَّا فَاتَهُمْ مِنْهُ فِي أَيَّامِ الْمِحْنَةِ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا مِنَ السِّنِينَ الْمَاضِيَةِ الْمُتَطَاوِلَةِ وَهُوَ مَحْجُوبٌ فِي دَارِهِ لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَى جَمَاعَةٍ وَلَا جُمُعَةٍ أَيْضًا، فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِأَنَّهُ عَلِيلٌ وَأَسْنَانُهُ تَتَحَرَّكُ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ. وَكَانَ الْخَلِيفَةُ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَائِدَةً فِيهَا أَلْوَانُ الْأَطْعِمَةِ وَالْفَاكِهَةِ وَالثَّلْجُ، مِمَّا يُقَاوِمُ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمِ، وَالْخَلِيفَةُ يَحْسَبُ أَنَّهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحْمَدُ يَطْعَمُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ، بَلْ كَانَ صَائِمًا يَطْوِي، فَمَكَثَ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَمْ يَسْتَطْعِمْ بِطَعَامٍ، وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ هُوَ عَلِيلٌ، ثُمَّ أَقْسَمَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ حَتَّى شَرِبَ قَلِيلًا مِنَ السَّوِيقِ بَعْدَ ثَمَانِيَةِ أَيَّامٍ. وَجَاءَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَاقَانَ بِمَالٍ جَزِيلٍ مِنَ الْخَلِيفَةِ ; جَائِزَةً لَهُ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ قَبُولِهَا، فَأَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ، فَأَخَذَهَا الْأَمِيرُ فَفَرَّقَهَا عَلَى بَنِيهِ وَأَهْلِهِ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تُرَدَّ عَلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ جَائِزَتُهُ. وَكَتَبَ الْخَلِيفَةُ لِأَهْلِهِ وَأَوْلَادِهِ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَمَانَعَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ الْخَلِيفَةُ: لَا بُدَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَمَا هَذَا إِلَّا لِوَلَدِكَ. فَأَمْسَكَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُمَانَعَتِهِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ يَلُومُ أَهْلَهُ وَعَمَّهُ وَبَنِي عَمِّهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّمَا بَقِيَ لَنَا أَيَّامٌ قَلَائِلُ، وَكَأَنَّنَا وَقَدْ نَزَلَ بِنَا الْمَوْتُ فَإِمَّا إِلَى جَنَّةٍ، وَإِمَّا إِلَى نَارٍ، فَنَخْرُجُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَبُطُونُنَا قَدْ أَخَذَتْ مِنْ مَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ. فِي كَلَامٍ طَوِيلٍ يَعِظُهُمْ بِهِ. فَاحْتَجُّوا عَلَيْهِ بِالْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ سَائِلٍ وَلَا مُسْتَشْرِفٍ فَخُذْهُ وَبِأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ وَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَبِلَا جَوَائِزَ السُّلْطَانِ. فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا وَذَاكَ سَوَاءٌ، وَلَوْ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ أُخِذَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ ظُلْمٌ وَلَا جَوْرٌ لَمْ أُبَالِ. وَلَمَّا اسْتَمَرَّ ضَعْفُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ جَعَلَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ بِابْنِ مَاسَوَيْهِ الْمُتَطَبِّبِ لِيَنْظُرَ فِي مَرَضِهِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ لَيْسَ بِهِ عِلَّةٌ فِي بَدَنِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا عِلَّتُهُ مِنْ قِلَّةِ الطَّعَامِ، وَكَثْرَةِ الصِّيَامِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ. فَسَكَتَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَتْ أَمُّ الْخَلِيفَةِ مِنْهُ أَنْ تَرَى الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ، فَبَعَثَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ بِابْنِهِ الْمُعْتَزِّ وَيَدْعُوَ لَهُ، وَيَكُونَ فِي حِجْرِهِ فَتَمَنَّعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ أَجَابَ إِلَيْهِ ; رَجَاءَ أَنْ يُعَجِّلَ بِرُجُوعِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَبَعَثَ الْخَلِيفَةُ إِلَيْهِ بِخِلْعَةٍ سَنِيَّةٍ وَمَرْكُوبٍ مِنْ مَرَاكِيبِهِ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ رُكُوبِهِ ; لِأَنَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِيثَرَةُ نُمُورٍ فَجِيءَ بِبَغْلٍ لِبَعْضِ التُّجَّارِ فَرَكِبَهُ، وَجَاءَ إِلَى مَجْلِسٍ الْمُعْتَزِّ، وَقَدْ جَلَسَ الْخَلِيفَةُ وَأَمُّهُ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَجْلِسِ، مِنْ وَرَاءِ سِتْرٍ رَقِيقٍ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ أَحْمَدُ قَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ. وَجَلَسَ وَلَمْ يُسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْإِمْرَةِ، فَقَالَتْ أَمُّ الْخَلِيفَةِ: اللَّهَ اللَّهَ يَا بُنَيَّ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ ! تَرُدُّهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ مِمَّنْ يُرِيدُ مَا أَنْتُمْ فِيهِ، وَحِينَ رَأَى الْمُتَوَكِّلُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ لِأُمِّهِ: يَا أُمَّهْ، قَدْ أَنَارَتِ الدَّارُ. وَجَاءَ الْخَادِمُ وَمَعَهُ خِلْعَةٌ سَنِيَّةٌ مُبَطَّنَةٌ وَثَوْبٌ وَقَلَنْسُوَةٌ وَطَيْلَسَانٌ، فَأَلْبَسَهَا الْإِمَامَ أَحْمَدَ بِيَدِهِ، وَأَحْمَدُ لَا يَتَحَرَّكُ بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: لَمَّا جَلَسْتُ إِلَى الْمُعْتَزِّ قَالَ مُؤَدِّبُهُ: أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ الْأَمِيرَ، هَذَا الَّذِي أَمَرَ الْخَلِيفَةُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُؤَدِّبَكَ. فَقَالَ: إِنْ عَلَّمَنِي شَيْئًا تَعَلَّمْتُهُ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَعَجِبْتُ مِنْ ذَكَائِهِ فِي صِغَرِهِ ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ صَغِيرًا جِدًّا. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ أَحْمَدُ عَنْهُمْ وَهُوَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ، وَيَسْتَعِيذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ مَقْتِهِ، وَغَضَبِهِ. ثُمَّ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ أَذِنَ لَهُ الْخَلِيفَةُ بِالِانْصِرَافِ، وَهَيَّأَ لَهُ حَرَّاقَةً فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ أَنْ يَنْحَدِرَ فِيهَا بَلْ رَكِبَ فِي زَوْرَقٍ فَدَخَلَ بَغْدَادَ مُخْتَفِيًا، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُبَاعَ تِلْكَ الْخِلْعَةُ، وَأَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا عَلَى الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ. وَجَعَلَ أَيَّامًا يَتَأَلَّمُ مِنَ اجْتِمَاعِهِ بِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ: سَلِمْتُ مِنْهُمْ طُولَ عُمْرِي، ثُمَّ ابْتُلِيتُ بِهِمْ فِي آخِرِهِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ جَاعَ عِنْدَهُمْ جُوعًا عَظِيمًا كَثِيرًا حَتَّى كَادَ يَهْلِكُ مِنَ الْجُوعِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضَ الْأُمَرَاءِ لِلْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْخَلِيفَةِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ لَا يَأْكُلُ لَكَ طَعَامًا، وَلَا يَشْرَبُ لَكَ شَرَابًا، وَلَا يَجْلِسُ عَلَى فَرْشِكَ، وَيُحَرِّمُ مَا تَشْرَبُهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: وَاللَّهِ لَوْ نُشِرَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ، وَكَلَّمَنِي فِي أَحْمَدَ مَا قَبِلْتُ مِنْهُ. وَجَعَلَتْ رُسُلُ الْخَلِيفَةِ تَفِدُ إِلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ ; تَسْتَعْلِمُ أَخْبَارَهُ وَكَيْفَ حَالُهُ. وَجَعَلَ يَسْتَفْتِيهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ فَلَا يُجِيبُ بِشَيْءٍ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ أَخْرَجَ ابْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ مِنْ سُرَّ مَنْ رَأَى إِلَى بَغْدَادَ بَعْدَ أَنْ أَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ نَفْسَهُ بِبَيْعِ ضِيَاعِهِ وَأَمْلَاكِهِ وَأَخْذِ أَمْوَالِهِ كُلِّهَا. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: وَحِينَ رَجَعَ أَبِي مَنْ سَامَرَّا إِلَى بَغْدَادَ وَجَدْنَا عَيْنَيْهِ قَدْ دَخَلَتَا فِي مُوقَيْهِ، وَمَا رَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ. وَامْتَنَعَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بَيْتَ قَرَابَتِهِ أَوْ يَدْخُلَ بَيْتًا هُمْ فِيهِ، أَوْ يَنْتَفِعَ بِشَيْءٍ مِمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ ; لِأَجْلِ قَبُولِهِمْ أَمْوَالَ السُّلْطَانِ. وَكَانَ مَسِيرُ أَحْمَدَ إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ مَكَثَ إِلَى سَنَةِ وَفَاتِهِ، قَلَّ يَوْمٌ إِلَّا وَرِسَالَةُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ تَفِدُ إِلَيْهِ فِي أُمُورٍ يُشَاوِرُهُ فِيهَا، وَيَسْتَشِيرُهُ فِي أَشْيَاءَ تَقَعُ لَهُ. وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ بَغْدَادَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنَ خَاقَانَ وَمَعَهُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ لِيُفَرِّقَهَا عَلَى مَنْ يَرَى فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْ قَبُولِهَا وَتَفْرِقَتِهَا، وَقَالَ: إِنْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ أَعْفَانِي مِمَّا أَكْرَهُ فَرَدَّهَا. وَكَتَبَ رَجُلٌ رُقْعَةً إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ يَقُولُ فِيهَا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَشْتُمُ آبَاءَكَ وَيَرْمِيهِمْ بِالزَّنْدَقَةِ. فَكَتَبَ فِيهَا الْمُتَوَكِّلُ: أَمَّا الْمَأْمُونُ فَإِنَّهُ خَلَطَ فَسَلَّطَ النَّاسَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَأَمَّا أَبِي الْمُعْتَصِمُ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلَ حَرْبٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ بَصَرٌ بِالْكَلَامِ، وَأَمَّا أَخِي الْوَاثِقُ فَإِنَّهُ اسْتَحَقَّ مَا قِيلَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَنَّ يُضْرَبَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي رَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الرُّقْعَةَ مِائَتَيْ سَوْطٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَضَرَبَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْخَلِيفَةُ: لِمَ ضَرَبْتَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةِ سَوْطٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: مِائَتَيْنِ لِطَاعَتِكَ، وَمِائَتَيْنِ لِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمِائَةً لِكَوْنِهِ قَذَفَ هَذَا الشَّيْخَ ; الرَّجُلَ الصَّالِحَ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَدْ كَتَبَ الْخَلِيفَةُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْقَوْلِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ; سُؤَالَ اسْتِرْشَادٍ وَاسْتِفَادَةٍ لَا سُؤَالَ تَعَنُّتٍ وَلَا امْتِحَانٍ وَلَا عِنَادٍ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ رِسَالَةً حَسَنَةً، فِيهَا آثَارٌ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَأَحَادِيثُ مَرْفُوعَةٌ، وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهَا ابْنُهُ صَالِحٌ فِي الْمِحْنَةِ الَّتِي سَاقَهَا، وَهِيَ مَرْوِيَّةٌ عَنْهُ، وَقَدْ نَقَلَهَا غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ. ذِكْرُ مَا رُئِيَ مِنْ الْمَنَامَاتِ الصَّالِحَةِ الَّتِي رَآهَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَرُئِيَتْ لَهُ وَقَدْ صَحَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ إِلَّا الْمُبَشِّرَاتُ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ - يَرَاهَا الْمُؤْمِنُ أَوْ تُرَى لَهُ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، بسنده قال سَلَمَةَ بْنَ شَبِيبٍ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَجَاءَهُ شَيْخٌ وَمَعَهُ عُكَّازَةٌ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَلَسَ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ مِنْكُمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ؟ فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَنَا، مَا حَاجَتُكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: ضَرَبْتُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ فَرْسَخٍ، أُرِيتُ الْخَضِرَ فِي الْمَنَامِ فَقَالَ لِي: سِرْ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَسَلْ عَنْهُ، وَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنَّ سَاكِنَ الْعَرْشِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ رَاضُونَ عَنْكَ بِمَا صَبَرْتَ نَفْسَكَ لِلَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَعَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيِّ. قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ اغْتَمَمْتُ غَمًّا شَدِيدًا، فَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَهُوَ يَتَبَخْتَرُ فِي مِشْيَتِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَيُّ مِشْيَةٍ هَذِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مِشْيَةُ الْخُدَّامِ فِي دَارِ السَّلَامِ. فَقُلْتُ: مَا فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ ؟ قَالَ: غَفَرَ لِي وَتَوَّجَنِي وَأَلْبَسَنِي نَعْلَيْنِ مَنْ ذَهَبٍ، وَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَحْمَدُ، هَذَا بِقَوْلِكَ: الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامِي. ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: يَا أَحْمَدُ، ادْعُنِي بِتِلْكَ الدَّعَوَاتِ الَّتِي بَلَغَتْكَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَكُنْتَ تَدْعُو بِهِنَّ فِي دَارِ الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَبِّ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ، بِقُدْرَتِكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، اغْفِرْ لِي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ، حَتَّى لَا تَسْأَلَنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ. فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَحْمَدُ، هَذِهِ الْجَنَّةُ قُمْ فَادْخُلْهَا. فَدَخَلْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَلَهُ جَنَاحَانِ أَخْضَرَانِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا مِنْ نَخْلَةٍ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي صَدَقَنَا وَعْدَهُ وَأَوْرَثَنَا الْأَرْضَ نَتَبَوَّأُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ نَشَاءُ فَنِعْمَ أَجْرُ الْعَامِلِينَ [ الزُّمَرِ: 74 ] قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا فَعَلَ بِشْرٌ الْحَافِي ؟ فَقَالَ: بَخٍ بَخٍ، وَمَنْ مِثْلُ بِشْرٍ ؟ تَرَكْتُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْجَلِيلِ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مَائِدَةٌ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالْجَلِيلُ مُقْبِلٌ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: كُلْ يَا مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ، وَاشْرَبْ يَا مَنْ لَمْ يَشْرَبْ، وَانْعَمْ يَا مَنْ لَمْ يَنْعَمْ. أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ وَارَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي الْمَنَامِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: مَا فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ الْجَبَّارُ: أَلْحِقُوهُ بِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ; مَالِكٍ، وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ خُرَّزَادَ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ: رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ كَأَنَّ الْقِيَامَةَ قَدْ قَامَتْ وَقَدْ بَرَزَ الرَّبُّ لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ، وَكَأَنَّ مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي مِنْ تَحْتٍ بُطْنَانِ الْعَرْشِ: أَدْخِلُوا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْجَنَّةَ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِمَلَكٍ إِلَى جَانِبِي: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَالِكٌ، وَالثَّوْرِيُّ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ الْمَقْدِسِيِّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي النَّوْمِ، وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ وَعَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ مُغَطَّى، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يَذُبَّانِ عَنْهُ. وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْجَلَّاءِ أَنَّهُ رَأَى كَأَنَّ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ فِي حَلْقَةٍ بِالْمَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ فِي حَلْقَةٍ أُخْرَى، وَكَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاقِفٌ بَيْنَ الْحَلْقَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ يَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ فَإِنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهَا هَؤُلَاءِ وَيُشِيرُ إِلَى حَلْقَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ فَقَدْ وَكَّلْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 89 ] وَيُشِيرُ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَأَصْحَابِهِ. ذِكْرُ وَفَاةِ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ ابْنُهُ صَالِحٌ: كَانَ مَرَضُهُ فِي أَوَّلِ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ ثَانِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَهُوَ مَحْمُومٌ يَتَنَفَّسُ الصُّعَدَاءَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَتِ مَا كَانَ غَدَاؤُكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَاءُ الْبَاقِلَّا. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ كَثْرَةَ مَجِيءِ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ وَعُمُومِ النَّاسِ لِعِيَادَتِهِ، وَكَثْرَةَ جَزَعِ النَّاسِ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ خُرَيْقَةٌ فِيهَا قُطَيْعَاتٌ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْهَا، وَقَدْ أَمَرَ وَلَدَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يُطَالِبَ سُكَّانَ مِلْكِهِ وَأَنْ يُكَفِّرَ عَنْهُ كَفَّارَةَ يَمِينٍ فَأَخَذَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْأُجْرَةِ فَاشْتَرَى تَمْرًا وَكَفَّرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَفَضَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَةُ دَرَاهِمٍ، وَكَتَبَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَصِيَّتَهُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَذَا مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، أَوْصَى أَنَّهُ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ. وَأَوْصَى مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَقَرَابَتِهِ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ فِي الْعَابِدِينَ، وَأَنْ يَحْمَدُوهُ فِي الْحَامِدِينَ، وَأَنْ يَنْصَحُوا لِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأُوصِي أَنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا، وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا، وَأُوصِي لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِفُورَانَ عَلَيَّ نَحْوًا مِنْ خَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا، وَهُوَ مُصَدَّقٌ فِيمَا قَالَ فَيُقْضَى مَا لَهُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ غَلَّةِ الدَّارِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ فَإِذَا اسْتُوْفِيَ أُعْطِي وَلَدُ صَالِحٍ كُلُّ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ. ثُمَّ اسْتَدْعَى بِالصِّبْيَانِ مَنْ وَرَثَتِهِ فَجَعَلَ يَدْعُو لَهُمْ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وُلِدَ لَهُ صَبِيٌّ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِخَمْسِينَ يَوْمًا فَسَمَّاهُ سَعِيدًا، وَكَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ آخَرُ اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ قَدْ مَشَى حِينَ مَرِضَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، فَدَعَاهُ فَالْتَزَمَهُ وَقَبَّلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ أَصْنَعُ بِالْوَلَدِ عَلَى كِبَرِ السِّنِّ ؟ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: ذُرِّيَّةٌ تَكُونُ بَعْدَكَ يَدْعُونَ لَكَ. قَالَ: وَذَاكَ. وَجَعَلَ يَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَدْ بَلَغَهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَرِهَ الْأَنِينَ فِي الْمَرَضِ، فَتَرَكَ الْأَنِينَ فَلَمْ يَئِنَّ حَتَّى كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي تُوُفِّيَ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا، وَكَانَتْ لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ الثَّانِيَ عَشَرَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَأَنَّ حِينَ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْوَجَعُ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَيُرْوَى عَنْ صَالِحٍ وَقَدْ يَكُونُ عَنْ كُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا احْتُضِرَ أَبِي - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - جَعَلَ يُكْثِرُ أَنْ يَقُولَ: لَا بَعْدُ، لَا بَعْدُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَتِ، مَا هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ الَّتِي لَهَجْتَ بِهَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ وَاقِفٌ فِي زَاوِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ، وَهُوَ عَاضٌّ عَلَى أُصْبُعِهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: فُتَّنِي يَا أَحْمَدُ ؟ فَأَقُولُ: لَا بَعْدُ لَا بَعْدُ. يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَا يَفُوتُهُ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ رُوحُهُ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ عَلَى التَّوْحِيدِ، كَمَا جَاءَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ: يَا رَبِّ، وَعِزَّتِكَ وَجَلَالِكَ مَا أَزَالُ أُغْوِيهِمْ مَا دَامَتْ أَرْوَاحُهُمْ فِي أَجْسَادِهِمْ. فَقَالَ: وَعِزَّتِي وَجَلَالِي وَلَا أَزَالُ أَغْفِرُ لَهُمْ مَا اسْتَغْفَرُونِي. وَأَحْسَنُ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنَّهُ أَشَارَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَنْ يُوَضِّئُوهُ فَجَعَلُوا يُوَضِّئُونَهُ، وَهُوَ يُشِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ خَلَّلُوا أَصَابِعِي، وَهُوَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ فِي جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا أَكْمَلُوا الْوُضُوءَ تُوُفِّيَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ. وَقَدْ كَانَتْ وَفَاةُ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ ؓ صَبِيحَةَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ حِينَ مَضَى نَحْوٌ مَنْ سَاعَتَيْنِ مِنَ النَّهَارِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الشَّوَارِعِ، وَبَعَثَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ حَاجِبَهُ وَمَعَهُ غِلْمَانٌ يَحْمِلُونَ مَنَادِيلَ فِيهَا أَكْفَانٌ، وَأَرْسَلَ يَقُولُ: هَذَا نِيَابَةً عَنِ الْخَلِيفَةِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ حَاضِرًا لَبَعَثَ بِهَذَا. فَأَرْسَلَ أَوْلَادُهُ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَانَ قَدْ أَعْفَاهُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ مِمَّا يَكْرَهُ، وَهَذَا مِمَّا يَكْرَهُ، وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُكَفِّنُوهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْأَثْوَابِ، وَأَتَوْا بِثَوْبٍ كَانَ قَدْ غَزَلَتْهُ جَارِيَتُهُ، فَكَفَّنُوهُ فِيهِ، وَاشْتَرَوْا مَعَهُ عَوَزَ لِفَافَةٍ وَحَنُوطًا، وَاشْتَرَوْا لَهُ رَاوِيَةَ مَاءٍ، وَامْتَنَعُوا أَنْ يَغْسِلُوهُ بِمَاءٍ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِمْ ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ هَجَرَ بُيُوتَهُمْ فَلَا يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا وَلَا يَسْتَعِيرُ مَنْ أَمْتِعَتِهِمْ شَيْئًا، وَكَانَ لَا يَزَالُ مُتَغَضِّبًا عَلَيْهِمْ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَتَنَاوَلُونَ مَا رُتِّبَ لَهُمْ عَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَهُوَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَكَانُوا عَالَةً فَقُرَاءَ، وَحَضَرَ غُسْلَهُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ مِائَةٍ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْخِلَافَةِ مَنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، فَجَعَلُوا يُقَبِّلُونَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَيَدْعُونَ لَهُ، وَيَتَرَحَّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ. وَخَرَجَ النَّاسُ بِنَعْشِهِ وَالْخَلَائِقُ حَوْلَهُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ عَدَدَهُمْ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَنَائِبُ الْبَلَدِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ وَاقِفٌ فِي النَّاسِ، فَتَقَدَّمَ خُطْوَاتٍ فَعَزَّى أَوْلَادَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ فِيهِ، وَكَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي أَمَّ النَّاسَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ أَعَادَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ بَعْدَ الدَّفْنِ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَقِرَّ فِي قَبْرِهِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَةِ الْخَلْقِ. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ أَنَّ الْأَمِيرَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ أَمَرَ بِحَزْرِ النَّاسِ، فَوُجِدُوا أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ وَثَلَاثَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَسَبْعَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ سِوَى مَنْ كَانَ فِي السُّفُنِ، وَأَقَلُّ مَا قِيلَ: سَبْعُمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا زُرْعَةَ يَقُولُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُمْسَحَ الْمَوْضِعُ الَّذِي وَقَفَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ حَيْثُ صُلِّيَ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، فَبَلَغَ مَقَامَ أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ وَخَمْسَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وقال عَبْدَ الْوَهَّابِ الْوَرَّاقَ: مَا بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ جَمْعًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الْجَمْعِ عَلَى جِنَازَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الْوَرْكَانِيَّ جَارَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ مَاتَ أَحْمَدُ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمَجُوسِ، وَوَقَعَ الْمَأْتَمُ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمَجُوسِ. وَفِي بَعْضِ النُّسَخِ: أَسْلَمَ عَشَرَةُ آلَافٍ بَدَلَ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَهْلِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ، سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: قُولُوا لِأَهْلِ الْبِدَعِ، بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ الْجَنَائِزُ. وَقَدْ صَدَّقَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَهُ فِي هَذَا فَإِنَّهُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ كَانَ إِمَامَ السُّنَّةِ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَعُيُونُ مُخَالِفِيهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ الْقَاضِي لَمْ يَحْتَفِلْ أَحَدٌ بِمَوْتِهِ، وَلَا شَيَّعَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا الْقَلِيلَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ الْمُحَاسِبِيُّ مَعَ زُهْدِهِ وَوَرَعِهِ وَتَنْقِيرِهِ وَمُحَاسَبَتِهِ نَفْسَهُ فِي خِطْرَاتِهِ وَحَرَكَاتِهِ لَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةٌ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، فَلِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمِنْ بَعْدُ. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّاعِرِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَمْ أُصَلِّ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَوْمَ دُفِنَ أَحْمَدُ: دُفِنَ الْيَوْمَ سَادِسُ خَمْسَةٍ: وَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ. وَكَانَ عُمْرُهُ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ سَبْعًا وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً وَأَيَّامًا أَقَلَّ مِنْ شَهْرٍ.
Translation
✧ His name and lineage In this year passed away a number of notable figures: al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Jubārah b. al-Mughallis al-Ḥimmānī, Abū Tawbah al-Ḥalabī, and al-Ḥasan b. Ḥammād, Sajjādah, and Yaʿqūb b. Ḥumayd b. Kāsib. Let us relate something of the reports about al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, may Allah have mercy on him, and his virtues, merits, and noble deeds, in brief fashion. We say, and in Allah we seek aid: He is Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ḥanbal b. Hilāl b. Asad b. Idrīs b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥayyān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Anas b. ʿAwf b. Qāsiṭ b. Māzin b. Shaybān b. Dhuhl b. Thaʿlabah b. ʿUkābah b. Ṣaʿb b. ʿAlī b. Bakr b. Wāʾil b. Qāsiṭ b. Hinb b. Afṣā b. Duʿmī b. Jadīlah b. Asad b. Rabīʿah b. Nizār b. Maʿadd b. ʿAdnān b. Udd b. Udad b. al-Hamaysaʿ b. Ḥamal b. al-Nabt b. Qaydār b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl, upon them both be peace, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaybānī, then al-Marwazī, then al-Baghdādī. Thus traced his lineage the great ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bayhaqī, may Allah have mercy on him, in the book he compiled on the merits of al-Imām Aḥmad, from his shaykh al-ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥākim, author of "al-Mustadrak." It is related from Ṣāliḥ, son of al-Imām Aḥmad, who said: My father saw this lineage in a book of mine and said: "What do you do with this?" He did not reject the lineage. They said: His father brought him from Marw while he was still in the womb, and his mother gave birth to him in Baghdad in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of the year 164 AH. His father died when he was thirty years old, so his mother took charge of him. Ṣāliḥ said, from his father: "She pierced my ears and put two pearls in them. When I grew up, she gave them to me, and I sold them for thirty dirhams." Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal died on Friday, the twelfth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year 241 AH, at the age of seventy-seven, may Allah have mercy on him. In his youth he used to attend the sessions of Judge Abū Yūsuf, then he abandoned that and turned to hearing ḥadīth. His first pursuit of ḥadīth and his first hearing from his shaykhs was in the year 179 AH, when he was sixteen years old. His first pilgrimage was in the year 187 AH, then in the year 191 AH, in which al-Walīd b. Muslim performed the pilgrimage, then in the year 196 AH, and he stayed in Makkah until the year 197 AH. Then he performed the pilgrimage in the year 198 AH and stayed until the year 199 AH. He traveled to ʿAbd al-Razzāq in Yemen and wrote from him, along with Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn and Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh. Al-Imām Aḥmad said: "I performed the pilgrimage five times; three of them on foot. In one of these pilgrimages I spent thirty dirhams." He said: "I lost my way during one of these pilgrimages while walking, and I began to say: 'O servants of Allah, guide me to the road.' I continued saying that until I found the road." He said: "I went out to Kufa and stayed in a house where I had a brick under my head. If I had fifty dirhams, I would have traveled to Jarīr b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd in Rayy. Some of our companions went out, but I could not go because I had nothing." Ibn Abī Ḥātim said, from his father, from Ḥarmalah: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal promised me he would come to me in Egypt, but he did not come." Ibn Abī Ḥātim said: "It seems that his lack of means prevented him from fulfilling the promise." Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal traveled through the lands and regions and heard from the shaykhs of his time, and they held him in high esteem and respected him while he was hearing from them. Our shaykh listed in his "Tahdhīb" the names of his shaykhs arranged alphabetically, and likewise the narrators from him. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bayhaqī said, after mentioning a group of the shaykhs of al-Imām Aḥmad: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal narrated extensively in 'al-Musnad' and elsewhere from al-Shāfiʿī, and he took from him a good deal of his discourse on the genealogies of Quraysh, and he took from him in fiqh what is well known. When Aḥmad died, they found in his estate the two epistles of al-Shāfiʿī, the old and the new." I say: What al-Imām Aḥmad narrated from Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shāfiʿī has been put together separately, and these are ḥadīths that do not reach twenty in number. Among the finest of what has been related to us from al-Imām Aḥmad, from al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, from al-Imām Mālik b. Anas, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kaʿb b. Mālik, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The soul of the believer is a bird that hangs in the trees of Paradise until Allah returns it to his body on the day He resurrects him." Al-Shāfiʿī said to Aḥmad when he met him on his second journey to Baghdad after the year 190 AH, when Aḥmad was in his early thirties: "O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, when a ḥadīth is authentic according to you, inform me of it, and I will follow it, whether it is Ḥijāzī, Shāmī, ʿIrāqī, or Yamanī." Meaning that he does not follow the view of the fuqahāʾ of the Ḥijāz who accept only the narrations of the Ḥijāzīs and relegate the ḥadīths of others to the status of the ḥadīths of the People of the Book. Al-Shāfiʿī's saying this to him was an honor and a mark of respect for Aḥmad, and showed that he held him in such esteem that when he authenticated or deemed weak a ḥadīth, he would refer to him in that. Indeed, al-Imām Aḥmad held this position among the imams and scholars, as will come later in the praise of the imams for him and their acknowledgement of his lofty rank and elevated standing in knowledge and ḥadīth, may Allah have mercy on them. His fame spread in his time, and his name became renowned in his youth throughout the regions. Then al-Bayhaqī related Aḥmad's discourse on faith, that it is word and deed, increasing and decreasing, and his discourse that the Qurʾān is the word of Allah, uncreated, and his rejection of those who say that one's utterance of the Qurʾān is created, meaning thereby the Qurʾān. He said: Among what Abū ʿUmārah and Abū Jaʿfar related, and from Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, is that he said: "The utterance is originated." He argued with His saying: "He utters not a word but there is with him a watcher, ready" [Qāf: 18]. He said: "The utterance is the speech of human beings." Others related from Aḥmad that he said: "The Qurʾān, however it is used, is uncreated, but our actions are created." I say: Al-Bukhārī affirmed this meaning regarding the actions of servants, and he also mentioned it in "al-Ṣaḥīḥ," citing the Prophet ﷺ's saying: "Adorn the Qurʾān with your voices." Hence more than one imam said: "The speech is the speech of the Creator, and the voice is the voice of the reciter." Al-Bayhaqī also affirmed that. Al-Bayhaqī related through Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad al-Sulamī, from Aḥmad, that he said: "Whoever says that the Qurʾān is originated is a disbeliever." And through Abū al-Ḥasan al-Maymūnī, from Aḥmad, that he answered the Jahmiyyah when they argued against him with His saying: "There comes not to them a reminder from their Lord newly revealed but they listen to it while they play" [al-Anbiyāʾ: 2]. He said: "It is possible that its sending down to us is what is newly originated, not the reminder itself." From Ḥanbal, from Aḥmad, that he said: "It is possible that it is another reminder besides the Qurʾān, namely the reminder of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, or his admonition to them." The discourse of al-Imām Aḥmad on affirming the vision of Allah in the Hereafter Then al-Bayhaqī mentioned the discourse of al-Imām Aḥmad on affirming the vision of Allah in the Hereafter, and he argued with the ḥadīth of Ṣuhayb concerning the vision, which is the additional vision, and his discourse on negating resemblance and avoiding delving into dialectical theology, and adhering to what is transmitted in the Book and the Sunnah from the reports of the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions. Al-Bayhaqī related from al-Ḥākim, from Abū ʿAmr b. al-Sammāk, from Ḥanbal, that Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal interpreted the saying of Allah Most High: "And your Lord comes" [al-Fajr: 22] as meaning that His reward comes. Then al-Bayhaqī said: "This is a chain with no dust on it." Al-Imām Aḥmad said, from ʿAbd Allāh, that is Ibn Masʿūd, who said: "Whatever the Muslims deem good is good in the sight of Allah, and whatever they deem evil is evil in the sight of Allah. The Companions all deemed it right to appoint Abū Bakr ؓ as successor." A sound chain. I say: This report contains an account of consensus among the Companions on giving precedence to al-Ṣiddīq ؓ, and the matter is as Ibn Masʿūd ؓ said. More than one imam has stated this explicitly. Al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said, when he passed through Ḥimṣ while being taken to al-Maʾmūn during the miḥnah, and ʿAmr b. ʿUthmān al-Ḥimṣī entered upon him and said to him: "What do you say about the caliphate?" Al-Imām Aḥmad said: "Abū Bakr, then ʿUmar, then ʿUthmān, then ʿAlī. Whoever puts ʿAlī before ʿUthmān has belittled the members of the shūrā, because they put forward ʿUthmān, ؓ all of them." Section on his scrupulousness, asceticism, and renunciation, may Allah have mercy on him and be pleased with him Al-Bayhaqī related through al-Muzanī, from al-Shāfiʿī, that he said to al-Rashīd: "Yemen needs a judge." Al-Rashīd said to him: "Choose a man whom we may appoint as judge there." So al-Shāfiʿī said to Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, who used to come to him among those who studied with him: "Will you not accept the judgeship of Yemen?" But he refused to accept it most emphatically, saying: "I only come to you for the sake of knowledge that makes one renounce this world. Would you command me to take up a judgeship? Were it not for knowledge, I would not speak to you after today." Al-Shāfiʿī felt ashamed before him. It is related that he would not pray behind his paternal uncle Isḥāq b. Ḥanbal or behind his sons, nor would he speak to them, because they had accepted the ruler's gift. Once he went three days without finding anything to eat, until he sent to one of his companions and borrowed flour from him. His family realized his need for food, so they hurried and kneaded and baked for him quickly. He said: "What is this haste? How did you bake so quickly?" They said: "We found the oven of Ṣāliḥ's house already heated, so we baked for you in it." He said: "Take it away," and he did not eat, and he ordered the door leading to Ṣāliḥ's house to be sealed. Al-Bayhaqī said: Because Ṣāliḥ had accepted the gift of al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh. ʿAbd Allāh said: "My father stayed at the army camp with the caliph for sixteen days, during which he ate nothing but a quarter of a mudd of barley gruel, breaking his fast after every three nights on a sip of it, until he returned to his house. His health did not fully recover until after six months. I saw his shoes sinking into his eye sockets." Al-Bayhaqī said: The caliph used to send a great deal of food for his table, but Aḥmad would not touch any of his food. Once al-Maʾmūn sent gold to be distributed among the scholars of ḥadīth, and none of them remained who did not take some, except Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, who refused. Sulaymān al-Shādhakūnī said: I was present when Aḥmad pledged a bucket of his with a grocer in Yemen. When he brought the money to redeem it, the man brought out two buckets and said: "Take your property." Aḥmad could not tell which was his, so he said to the man: "You are absolved of it and of the redemption," and he left it. ʿAbd Allāh related: "We were in the time of al-Wāthiq in severe hardship. A man wrote to my father: 'I have four thousand dirhams that I inherited from my father; it is not charity or zakāh. If you see fit, accept it from me.' He refused. The man repeated the offer, but he refused. Sometime later we mentioned that, and he said: 'If we had accepted it, it would already be gone.'" A merchant offered him ten thousand dirhams as profit from merchandise that he had put in his name, but he refused to accept it, saying: "We have enough, and may Allah reward you for your intention." Another merchant offered him three thousand dinars, but he refused to accept them and got up and left him. Aḥmad ran out of money while he was in Yemen. His shaykh ʿAbd al-Razzāq offered him a handful of dinars, but he said: "We have enough," and did not accept. His clothes were stolen while he was in Yemen, so he sat in his house and closed the door. His companions missed him, came to him, and asked him, and he told them. They offered him gold, but he did not accept it, taking from them only one dinar to write for them in return, so he wrote for them for a fee, may Allah have mercy on him. Abū Dāwūd said: "The gatherings of Aḥmad were gatherings of the Hereafter; nothing of worldly affairs was mentioned in them. I never saw Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal mention the world at all." Al-Bayhaqī related that Aḥmad was asked about tawakkul, and he said: "It is cutting off expectation by despairing of people." He was asked: "Is there any proof for this?" He said: "Yes. When Ibrāhīm was cast into the fire with a catapult, Jibrīl appeared to him and said: 'Do you have any need?' He said: 'Not from you.' Jibrīl said: 'Then ask the One to whom your need is.' He said: 'The more beloved of the two matters to me is the more beloved of them to Him.'" From Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Ṣaffār, who said: We were with Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal in Sāmarrāʾ, and we said: "Pray to Allah for us." He said: "O Allah, You know that we know that You are to us more than what we love, so make us upon what You love." Then he fell silent. We said: "More." He said: "O Allah, we ask You by the power by which You said to the heavens and the earth: 'Come willingly or unwillingly,' and they said: 'We come willingly' [Fuṣṣilat: 11]. O Allah, grant us success in what pleases You. O Allah, we seek refuge in You from poverty except toward You, and we seek refuge in You from humiliation except before You. O Allah, do not give us much lest we transgress, and do not give us little lest we forget. Grant us from Your mercy and the abundance of Your provision what will suffice us in this world and make us content by Your grace." The supplication of al-Imām Aḥmad in prostration Al-Bayhaqī said: In the account of Abū al-Faḍl al-Tamīmī from Aḥmad: His supplication in prostration was: "O Allah, whoever of this community is upon falsehood while he thinks he is upon truth, return him to the truth so that he may be among the people of truth." And he would say: "O Allah, if You accept a ransom from the sinners of the community of Muḥammad ﷺ, then make me a ransom for them." Ṣāliḥ b. Aḥmad said: "My father would not let anyone draw water for his ablution; rather he would do it himself. When the bucket came up full, he would say: 'Praise be to Allah.' I said: 'Father, what is the benefit in that?' He said: 'My son, have you not heard the saying of Allah, Mighty and Majestic: "Say: Have you considered if your water were to sink away, who then could bring you flowing water?" [al-Mulk: 30].'" The reports about him in this regard are very numerous. The asceticism and scrupulousness of al-Imām Aḥmad He compiled a comprehensive and great book on asceticism that was unprecedented and unmatched by anyone. It is presumed, indeed established, that he acted upon as much of it as he could, may Allah have mercy on him, honor his resting place, and make the Garden of Firdaws his return and abode. Ismāʿīl b. Isḥāq al-Sarrāj said: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said to me: Can you show me al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī when he comes to your house? I said: Yes, and I was pleased by that. Then I went to al-Ḥārith and said: I would like you and your companions to attend tonight. He said: They are many, so prepare dates and oil-cake for them. When it was between the two evening prayers, they came. Imam Aḥmad had preceded them and sat in an upper room where he could see them and hear their words without them seeing him. When they prayed the evening prayer, they did not pray anything after it until they came and sat before al-Ḥārith in silence, as if birds were on their heads, until it was near midnight. Then a man asked him about a question, and al-Ḥārith began to speak about matters related to asceticism and exhortation. One began to weep, another to moan, and another to cry out. He said: I went up to the upper room and found Imam Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal weeping until he nearly fainted. They continued thus until morning. When they wanted to leave, I said: How did you find these people, O Abū ʿAbd Allāh? He said: I have not seen anyone speak about asceticism like this man, nor have I seen the like of these people. Yet with all this, I do not think you should associate with them. Al-Bayhaqī said: It is possible that he disliked his keeping their company because al-Ḥārith b. Asad, although he was an ascetic, had some knowledge of kalām, and Aḥmad disliked that. Or he disliked his keeping their company because he could not endure following their way and what they were upon of asceticism and scrupulousness. I say: Rather, he disliked that because in the speech of some of these people there is austerity not prescribed by the Sharīʿah, and excessive scrutiny, investigation, and severe self-reckoning for which no command has come. For this reason, when Abū Zurʿah al-Rāzī examined the book of al-Ḥārith b. Asad called "al-Riʿāyah," he said: This is an innovation. Then he said to the man who brought it to him: Adhere to what Mālik, al-Thawrī, al-Awzāʿī, and al-Layth b. Saʿd were upon, and leave this, for it is an innovation. Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī said: I heard Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal say: If you want Allah to continue for you what you love, then continue for Him what He loves. He used to say: Patience in poverty is a station attained only by the great ones. He used to say: Poverty is nobler than wealth, for patience in it is more bitter, and its disturbance is greater in state than gratitude. He said: I do not equate anything with the merit of poverty. He used to say: The servant must accept provision after despair, and not accept it if preceded by greed or expectation. He loved to reduce possessions, seeking lightness of reckoning. Ibrāhīm said: A man said to Aḥmad: Did you learn this knowledge for Allah? He said: This is a severe condition, but a thing was made beloved to me, so I gathered it. Al-Bayhaqī narrated that a man came to Imam Aḥmad and said: My mother is chronically ill and bedridden for twenty years, and she sent me to you to supplicate to Allah for her. He seemed angry at that and said: We are more in need that she supplicates for us. Then he supplicated to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, for her. The man returned to his mother and knocked on the door, and she came out to him on her feet, saying: Allah has granted me health. It is narrated that a beggar asked, and Imam Aḥmad gave him a piece. A man went to the beggar and said: Give me this piece so that I give you its equivalent, worth a dirham. He refused. He raised it to fifty, and he still refused. He said: I hope from its blessing what you hope from its blessing. Chapter on Mention of What Came Concerning the Trial of Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ؓ During the days of al-Maʾmūn, then al-Muʿtaṣim, then al-Wāthiq, concerning the Qurʾān, and what befell him of long imprisonment, severe beating, threats of death by harsh torment and painful punishment, and his little concern for what they did to him, his patience, and his holding fast to the sound religion and straight path. Aḥmad was knowledgeable of the recited verses and transmitted reports that came concerning the like of his situation, and he received what was advised to him in sleep and wakefulness, so he was content and submitted, in faith and seeking reward, and he attained the good of this world and the bliss of the hereafter. Allah prepared him by what He gave him of that to reach the highest stations of the people of trial for Allah among the friends of Allah, and He will join his lovers to the honor from Allah, Exalted, if Allah wills, without trial. And success and protection are from Allah. Allah, Exalted, said: Alif Lām Mīm. Do people think that they will be left to say, "We believe," and they will not be tried? And We certainly tried those before them, and Allah will surely make evident those who are truthful, and He will surely make evident the liars [al-ʿAnkabūt: 1-3]. And Allah, Exalted, said in Luqmān's advice to his son: O my son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over what befalls you. Indeed, that is of the matters requiring resolve [Luqmān: 17], and other verses besides these in the meaning of what we have written. Imam Aḥmad, the one who was tried, narrated in his Musnad, saying: From ʿĀṣim b. Bahdalah: I heard Muṣʿab b. Saʿd narrating from Saʿd, who said: I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Which people are most severely tried? He said: The prophets, then the next best, then the next best. Then a man is tried according to his religion. If his religion is firm, he is tried accordingly; if his religion is weak, he is tried accordingly. Trial continues to afflict a man until he walks on the earth with no sin upon him. Muslim narrated in his Ṣaḥīḥ, saying: From Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Three things, whoever has them has found the sweetness of faith: that Allah and His Messenger are more beloved to him than anything else, that he loves a person only for Allah, and that he would prefer to be thrown into the fire rather than return to disbelief after Allah has saved him from it. They both narrated it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs. ʿĀṣim b. Ḥumayd said: I heard Muʿādh b. Jabal say: You will see nothing but trial and tribulation, and the matter will only increase in severity, and souls in greed. And with this chain, Muʿādh said: "You will not see from the rulers except harshness, and you will not see a matter that frightens you and becomes hard upon you except that after it comes what is more severe." Al-Baghawī said: I heard Aḥmad say: O Allah, we are content, prolonging his voice with it. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from al-Rabīʿ, who said: Al-Shāfiʿī sent me with a letter from Egypt to Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. I came to him after he had finished the dawn prayer and handed him the letter. He said: Have you read it? I said: No. He took it and read it, and his eyes filled with tears. I said: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, what is in it? He said: He mentions that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a dream, and he said to him: "Write to Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, and convey to him greetings from me, and tell him: You will be tried and called to the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān, so do not answer them. Allah will raise for you a banner until the Day of Resurrection." Al-Rabīʿ said: I said: What sweet glad tidings. He took off the shirt that was next to his skin and gave it to me. When I returned to al-Shāfiʿī and told him, he said: I will not deprive you of it, but moisten it with water and give it to me so that I may seek blessing through it. Mention of a Summary of the Trial and Tribulation Compiled from the Words of the Imams of the Sunnah, may Allah have mercy on them and reward them with Paradise We have mentioned previously that al-Maʾmūn was in the company of a group of Muʿtazilites who had gained influence over him, and they diverted him from the path of truth to falsehood, and made attractive to him the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān and the denial of the attributes of Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī said: There was no caliph before him, neither from the Umayyads nor from the Abbasids, except upon the way of the Salaf, until he assumed the caliphate. Then these people gathered around him and drove him to that. They said: His departure to Ṭarsūs to raid the Byzantine lands coincided, and it occurred to him to write to his deputy in Baghdad, Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm b. Muṣʿab, commanding him to call the people to the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān. This happened in the last part of his life, months before his death, in the year 218 AH. When the letter arrived, as we have mentioned, he summoned a group of hadith scholars and called them to that, but they refused. He threatened them with beating and cutting off provisions. Most of them answered under compulsion, while Imam Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and Muḥammad b. Nūḥ al-Jundaysābūrī persisted in refusal. They were placed on a camel and sent to the caliph by his order, shackled and balanced together in a litter on one camel. When they were in the region of al-Raḥbah, a man from the Bedouin worshippers called Jābir b. ʿĀmir came. He greeted Imam Aḥmad and said to him: O you, you are the delegate of the people, so do not be a source of ill omen for them. You are the head of the people today, so beware of answering, for if you answer, they will answer. If you love Allah, then be patient in what you are in, for between you and Paradise is only that you be killed. If you are not killed, you will die, and if you live, you will live praiseworthy. Imam Aḥmad said: That strengthened my resolve to remain in my refusal. When they approached the army of al-Maʾmūn and camped one stage away, a servant came wiping his tears with the edge of his garment, saying: It grieves me, O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, that al-Maʾmūn has drawn a sword he has never drawn before, spread a leather mat he has never spread before, and he swears by his kinship to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that if you do not answer him to the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān, he will kill you with that sword. He said: Imam Aḥmad knelt on his knees and cast his glance to the sky, then said: My Lord, Your forbearance has deceived this wicked one until he tyrannizes Your friends with beating and killing. O Allah, if the Qurʾān is Your uncreated speech, then spare us his trouble. He said: Then the cry came to them of the death of al-Maʾmūn in the last third of the night. Aḥmad said: I rejoiced at that. Then news came that al-Muʿtaṣim had assumed the caliphate, and Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād had joined him, and the matter was severe. They returned us to Baghdad in a boat with some of the captives, and I suffered much harm with them. He had shackles on his legs, and his companion Muḥammad b. Nūḥ died on the way, and Aḥmad prayed over him. When Aḥmad returned to Baghdad, he entered it sick, and that was in Ramadan. He was placed in prison for about twenty-eight months. It is also said: more than thirty months. Then he was brought out for beating before al-Muʿtaṣim, as will come, if Allah, Exalted, wills, and in Him is trust. Imam Aḥmad was the one who led the prisoners in prayer while shackles were on his legs. Mention of His Beating, ؓ, before al-Muʿtaṣim When al-Muʿtaṣim brought him from prison, they increased the shackles on him. Aḥmad said: I could not walk with them, so I tied them to my belt and carried them with my hand. Then they brought me a mount and I was placed on it, and I almost fell on my face from the weight of the shackles, with no one to hold me. Allah granted safety until we reached the caliphal palace. I was put in a room and locked in, with no lamp. I wanted to perform ablution, so I extended my hand and found a vessel with water, and I performed ablution from it. Then I stood to pray, not knowing the qiblah. When morning came, I found I had been facing the qiblah, and praise be to Allah. He said: Then I was summoned and brought before al-Muʿtaṣim. When he looked at me, and Ibn Abī Duʾād was with him, he said: Did you not claim that he is young? This is a middle-aged sheikh. When I approached and greeted, he said to me: Come closer. He kept bringing me closer until I was near him. Then he said: Sit. I sat, weighed down by the iron. I remained for a while, then I said: O Commander of the Faithful, to what did your cousin, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, call? He said: To the testimony that there is no god but Allah. I said: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah. He said: Then I mentioned to him the hadith of Ibn ʿAbbās about the delegation of ʿAbd al-Qays, then I said: This is what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called to. He said: Then Ibn Abī Duʾād spoke with words I did not understand, because I did not comprehend his speech. Then al-Muʿtaṣim said: Were it not that you were in the hands of the one before me, I would not have confronted you. Then he said: O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, did I not command you to lift the trial? Aḥmad said: I said: Allah is greatest, this is a relief for the Muslims. Then he said: Debate with him. O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, speak to him. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said to me: What do you say about the Qurʾān? I did not answer him. Al-Muʿtaṣim said: Answer him. I said: What do you say about knowledge? He was silent. I said: The Qurʾān is from Allah's knowledge, and whoever claims that Allah's knowledge is created has disbelieved in Allah. He was silent. They said among themselves: O Commander of the Faithful, he has declared you and us disbelievers. He paid no attention to that. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Was Allah and no Qurʾān? I said: Was Allah and no knowledge? He was silent. They began speaking from here and there. I said: O Commander of the Faithful, give me something from the Book of Allah or the Sunnah of His Messenger so that I may speak according to it. Ibn Abī Duʾād said: Do you not speak except according to this and that? I said: Does Islam stand except by these two? Long debates took place between them, and they argued against him with His saying: "There comes not to them a reminder from their Lord newly revealed" [Al-Anbiyāʾ: 2]. From him concerning that were answers about the newness of its sending down, or a reminder other than the Qurʾān, newly revealed, as previously mentioned. He supported this with His saying, may He be glorified: "Ṣād. By the Qurʾān, full of reminder" [Ṣād: 1], meaning by it the Qurʾān, in contrast to the reminder, for it is other than the Qurʾān. And with His saying: "Allah is the Creator of all things" [Al-Raʿd: 16]. He answered with what amounts to saying that it is general but restricted by His saying: "It destroyed everything by the command of its Lord" [Al-Aḥqāf: 25]. Ibn Abī Duʾād said: "By Allah, O Commander of the Faithful, he is misguided, leading others astray, an innovator. These are your judges and jurists, so ask them." He said to them: "What do you say about him?" They answered like what Ibn Abī Duʾād said. Then they brought him on the second day and debated with him again, then on the third day and debated with him again. In all that, his voice rose above theirs and his proof overcame their proofs. He said: When they fell silent, Ibn Abī Duʾād opened the discussion against them, and he was one of the most ignorant of people in knowledge and dialectic. The questions multiplied for them in the debate, but they had no knowledge of transmitted reports, so they began denying the reports and rejecting argumentation based on them. Aḥmad said: I heard from them statements that I never thought anyone would say. Burghūth spoke with me at length, mentioning the body and other things with no benefit in them. I said: I do not know what you say except that I know that Allah is One, the Self-Sufficient; there is nothing like unto Him. So he fell silent before me. I presented to them the ḥadīth of the vision in the Hereafter, and they tried to weaken its chain and patched together from some traditionists words by which they could climb to attack it. But far from it! How can they reach it from a distant place? [Sabaʾ: 52]. Throughout all this, the caliph was gentle with him, saying: "O Aḥmad, respond to me on this matter so that I may make you one of my special companions and one of those who tread my carpet." I would say: "O Commander of the Faithful, let them bring me a verse from the Book of Allah or a Sunnah from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that I may answer them." Aḥmad argued against them when they denied argumentation from the reports, using His saying, exalted be He, narrating from Ibrāhīm: "O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear and does not see and will not avail you anything?" [Maryam: 42], and His saying: "And Allah spoke to Mūsā directly" [Al-Nisāʾ: 164], and His saying: "Indeed I am Allah; there is no god but I, so worship Me" [Ṭā Hā: 14], and His saying: "Unquestionably, His is the creation and the command" [Al-Aʿrāf: 54], and His saying: "Our word to a thing when We intend it is only that We say to it, 'Be,' and it is" [Al-Naḥl: 40], among other verses. When no argument remained for them against him, they resorted to using the caliph's authority in that matter. They said: "O Commander of the Faithful, this is an unbeliever, misguided, leading astray." Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, the governor of Baghdad, said to him: "O Commander of the Faithful, it is not part of the management of the caliphate that you let him go free and he defeats two caliphs." At that he became inflamed and his anger intensified, though he had been the softest of them in disposition, and he thought they were upon something. Aḥmad said: Then he said to me: "May Allah curse you! I had hoped you would answer me, but you did not answer me." Then he said: "Seize him, strip him, and drag him." Aḥmad said: I was seized, dragged, and stripped, and the two posts and whips were brought while I was looking. I had with me a hair from the hair of the Prophet ﷺ tied in my garment, and they stripped me of it. I stood between the two posts and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, fear Allah, fear Allah! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah is not lawful except for one of three things...' And I recited the ḥadīth. And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they say, "There is no god but Allah." When they say it, they have protected from me their blood and their property.' So by what do you deem my blood lawful? I have not done any of this. O Commander of the Faithful, remember your standing before Allah like my standing before you." It was as if he held back. Then they kept saying to him: "O Commander of the Faithful, he is misguided, leading astray, an unbeliever." So he ordered me to be stood between the two posts. A chair was brought, and I was made to stand on it. One of them ordered me to hold with my hand onto one of the two pieces of wood, but I did not understand, so my hands slipped. The floggers were brought with whips. One of them struck me two lashes, and al-Muʿtaṣim said to him: "Strike harder, may Allah cut off your hand!" Another came and struck me two lashes, then another likewise. They struck me several lashes, and I fainted and lost consciousness repeatedly. When the flogging stopped, my mind returned. Al-Muʿtaṣim came to me calling me to their doctrine, but I did not answer him. They kept saying: "Woe to you! The caliph is at your head!" But I did not accept. They resumed the flogging, then he returned to me and I did not answer him, so they resumed the flogging. Then he came to me a third time and called me, but I did not comprehend what he said due to the severity of the flogging. Then they resumed the flogging, and I lost consciousness and did not feel the flogging. That frightened him about my affair, and he ordered me released. I was not aware except that I was in a room of a house, and the fetters had been released from my leg. That was on the twenty-fifth of Ramaḍān in the year two hundred and twenty-one. Then the caliph ordered that he be released to his family. The total number of lashes he received was thirty-some, and it is said: eighty lashes, but the flogging was extremely severe and harsh. The Imām Aḥmad was a tall, thin man, brown-skinned, and very humble, may Allah have mercy on him, be pleased with him, and honor his resting place. When he was carried from the caliphate's residence to the house of Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm while he was fasting, they brought him barley gruel and water so that he might break his fast due to weakness, but he refused that and completed his fast. When the time for the noon prayer came, he prayed with them. Ibn Samāʿah the judge said to him: "You prayed while your blood is flowing?" Aḥmad said to him: "ʿUmar prayed while his wound was gushing blood." So he fell silent. It is narrated that when he was stood up to be flogged, the drawstring of his trousers broke, and he feared that his trousers would fall and his private parts be exposed. He moved his lips in supplication, and his trousers returned as they were. It is narrated that he said: "O Succor of those who seek succor, O God of the worlds, if You know that I am standing for Your truth, do not expose my private parts." When he returned to his house, the surgeon came and cut dead flesh from his body and treated him. The governor kept sending frequently at all times to ask about him, and that was because al-Muʿtaṣim greatly regretted what he had done to Aḥmad, and he kept asking the governor about him, while the governor sought information about his condition. When he recovered, al-Muʿtaṣim and the Muslims rejoiced at that. When Allah healed him, he remained for a time, and his thumbs were hurt by the cold. He absolved everyone who had striven in his affair except the people of innovation. In that regard he recited His saying, exalted be He: "And let them pardon and overlook. Do you not like that Allah should forgive you?" [Al-Nūr: 22]. And he would say: "What benefit is it to you that your Muslim brother be punished because of you? Allah, exalted be He, has said: 'But whoever pardons and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allah' [Al-Shūrā: 40]. On the Day of Resurrection it will be called out: 'Let him whose reward is with Allah stand up,' and none will stand except those who pardoned." In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Three things I swear upon: charity does not decrease wealth; Allah does not increase a servant through pardoning except in honor; and whoever humbles himself for Allah, Allah raises him." Those who remained firm in the ordeal and did not answer at all were four: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, their leader; Muḥammad b. Nūḥ b. Maymūn al-Junday-Sābūrī, who died on the road when he and Aḥmad went to al-Maʾmūn; Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād al-Khuzāʿī, who died in prison; and Abū Yaʿqūb al-Buwayṭī, who died in the prison of al-Wāthiq on the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān, not answering them to that. He was heavily laden with iron, and he left a will that he be buried in them. And Aḥmad b. Naṣr al-Khuzāʿī, whose manner of killing we have mentioned—may Allah have mercy on him—in the days of al-Wāthiq. Mention of the Imāms' praise for the great and revered Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal Al-Bukhārī said: When Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal was flogged, we were in Baṣrah, and I heard Abū al-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī say: "Had this been among the Children of Israel, it would have been a legend." Ismāʿīl b. al-Khalīl said: "Had Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal been among the Children of Israel, he would have been a wonder." Al-Muzanī said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal on the day of the ordeal, Abū Bakr on the day of apostasy, ʿUmar on the day of the portico, ʿUthmān on the day of the house, and ʿAlī on the day of Ṣiffīn." Ḥarmalah said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: "I left Iraq and did not leave behind a man more excellent, more learned, more scrupulous, or more pious than Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal." His teacher Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān said: "No one ever came to me from Baghdad more beloved to me than Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal." Qutaybah said: "Sufyān al-Thawrī died and piety died; al-Shāfiʿī died and the Sunnahs died; and when Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal dies, innovations will appear." In another narration, Qutaybah said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal stood in the community in the station of prophethood." Al-Bayhaqī said: He means in his patience over the harm that befell him for the sake of Allah, mighty and majestic. Abū ʿUmar Ibn al-Naḥḥās said, mentioning Aḥmad one day: "May Allah have mercy on him; in religion how clear-sighted he was, with regard to this world how patient, in asceticism how knowledgeable, among the righteous how attached, and to the predecessors how similar. The world was offered to him and he refused it, and innovations and he banished them." Bishr b. al-Ḥārith al-Ḥāfī said after Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal was flogged: "Aḥmad entered the furnace and came out red gold." Al-Maymūnī said: ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī said to me after Aḥmad was tested and before he himself was tested: "O Maymūnī, no one has stood in Islam as Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal has stood." I was greatly astonished at this, and I went to Abū ʿUbayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām and told him the statement of ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī. He said: "He spoke the truth. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq found helpers and supporters on the day of apostasy, but Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal had no helpers or supporters." Then Abū ʿUbayd began praising Aḥmad, saying: "I know of no one in Islam like him." Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal is a proof between Allah and His servants on His earth." ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī said: "If I were tested with something and Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal gave me a legal opinion, I would not care how I meet my Lord." ʿAlī also said: "I have taken Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal as a proof between me and Allah, mighty and majestic." Then he said: "Who can bear what Abū ʿAbd Allāh bears?" Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn also said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal had qualities I have never seen in any scholar at all: he was a traditionist, a memorizer, a scholar, scrupulous, ascetic, and intelligent." Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn also said: "People wanted us to be like Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. By Allah, we cannot be like Aḥmad, nor can we endure walking his path." Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Dhuhlī said: "I have taken Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal as a proof between me and Allah, mighty and majestic." Hilāl b. al-ʿAlāʾ al-Raqqī said: "Allah blessed this community with four: al-Shāfiʿī, who understood the ḥadīths and explained them, distinguishing the concise from the detailed, the specific from the general, and the abrogating from the abrogated; Abū ʿUbayd, who recognized the rare words and explained them; Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn, who removed lies from the ḥadīths; and Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, who stood firm in the ordeal. Were it not for these four, the people would have perished." Abū Bakr Ibn Abī Dāwūd said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal is placed ahead of everyone who carried a pen and inkwell in his hand," meaning in his era. Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Muḥammad b. Rajāʾ said: "I have not seen the like of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, nor have I seen anyone who saw his like." Abū Zurʿah al-Rāzī said: "I do not know among our companions any black-haired one more knowledgeable in jurisprudence than he." From Yaḥyā b. Muḥammad al-ʿAnbarī, he said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Būshanǧī recited to us concerning Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, may Allah have mercy on him: "Indeed Ibn Ḥanbal, if you ask, is our Imām and through him the Imāms among mankind hold fast. He succeeded the Prophet Muḥammad after those who were caliphs after him and perished. Matching the strap upon the strap, for only he who holds fast to the example follows it." It is established in the Ṣaḥīḥ from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said: "There will not cease to be a group of my community manifest upon the truth, not harmed by those who forsake them or oppose them, until the command of Allah comes, and they are thus." From Muʿān, from Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-ʿUdhrī, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "This knowledge will be carried in every generation by its upright ones; they will repel from it the distortion of the extremists, the false claims of the falsifiers, and the misinterpretation of the ignorant." This ḥadīth is mursal and its chain contains weakness. It is surprising that Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr deemed it authentic and used it as evidence for the uprightness of everyone attributed to carrying knowledge. The Imām Aḥmad is one of the Imāms of the people of knowledge, may Allah have mercy on him and honor his resting place. Mention of the affair of Imām Aḥmad after the ordeal When he was taken out of the caliphate's residence after the flogging, he went to his house and was treated until he recovered, praise and blessing be to Allah. He kept to his house, not going out for congregational prayer or Friday prayer, and he refrained from narrating ḥadīth. His income from property he owned was seventeen dirhams each month, which he spent on his family and contented himself with that, may Allah have mercy on him, patient and seeking reward. He remained thus throughout the caliphate of al-Muʿtaṣim, and likewise during the days of his son Muḥammad al-Wāthiq. When al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh Jaʿfar b. al-Muʿtaṣim assumed power, the people rejoiced at his accession, for he loved the Sunnah and its people. He lifted the ordeal from the people and wrote to the horizons that no one should speak about the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān. Then he wrote to his governor in Baghdad, Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, to send Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal to him. Isḥāq summoned Imām Aḥmad to him and honored and magnified him, because he knew how the caliph honored and revered him. He asked him privately about the Qurʾān. Aḥmad said to him: "Is this a question of harassment or of seeking guidance?" He said: "Rather a question of seeking guidance." So he said: "It is the speech of Allah, sent down, uncreated." He was satisfied with his statement on that. Then he sent him to the caliph at Surra man raʾā, and preceded him there. He was informed that Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal passed by his son Muḥammad b. Isḥāq and did not come to him nor greet him. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm became angry at that and complained about him to the caliph. Al-Mutawakkil said: "He is to be returned even if he had trodden on my carpet." So Imām Aḥmad returned from the road to Baghdād, although Imām Aḥmad was averse to that. But that did not sit well with many of the people. His return was only because of the statement of Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, who had been the cause of his beating. Then a man from the innovators called Ibn al-Thaljī slandered something to the caliph, saying: "A man from the ʿAlawīs has taken refuge in the house of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, and he is secretly receiving allegiance from the people for him." So the caliph ordered the governor of Baghdād to raid the house of Imām Aḥmad at night. They were not aware until torches surrounded the house from every side, even from above the roofs. They found Imām Aḥmad sitting in his house with his family. They asked him about what had been mentioned of him. He said: "I have no knowledge of this, and there is nothing of this, and this is not of my intention. Indeed I consider obedience to the Commander of the Faithful in secret and in public, in hardship and in ease, in what I like and what I dislike, and in preference over myself. And I supplicate to God for him for right guidance and success night and day," in many words. They searched his house, including the place of books, the women's quarters, the roofs, and elsewhere, but did not see anything. When that reached al-Mutawakkil and he knew of his innocence of what was attributed to him, he knew that they lied about him a great deal. He sent to him Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm, known as Qawṣara, one of the chamberlains, with ten thousand dirhams from the caliph, saying: "He conveys peace to you and says to you: Spend this." He refused to accept it. He said: "O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, I fear that your rejection of it will cause estrangement between you and him. The right course for you is to accept it." So he placed it with him and went away. When it was the last part of the night, Imām Aḥmad summoned his family, his paternal cousins, and his dependents, and said: "I have not slept this night because of this money." They sat with him, and they wrote down the names of a group of the needy among the people of ḥadīth and others from the people of Baghdād and al-Baṣrah. Then in the morning he distributed it among the people, between fifty and one hundred and two hundred, and he did not leave a single dirham of it. He gave some of it to Abū Kurayb and Abū Saʿīd al-Ashajj, and he gave the purse it was in as charity. He gave nothing of it to his own family, although they were in extreme poverty and need. The young son of his son came and said: "Give me a dirham." Aḥmad looked at his son Ṣāliḥ, so Ṣāliḥ took a piece and gave it to the boy, and Aḥmad remained silent, may God have mercy on him. The caliph learned that he had given the entire gift as charity until he left nothing of it, and that he had given its purse as charity. ʿAlī b. al-Jahm said: "O Commander of the Faithful, he accepted it from you and gave it as charity on your behalf. What would Aḥmad do with money? A single loaf suffices him." He said: "You have spoken truthfully." When Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm and his son Muḥammad died, there being only a short time between them, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Isḥāq took over the governorship of Baghdād, al-Mutawakkil wrote to him to bring Imām Aḥmad to him. He spoke to Aḥmad about that. He said: "I am an old and weak shaykh." He returned the answer to the caliph with that. The caliph sent insisting that he must come to him, and wrote to Aḥmad saying: "I love to be comforted by your nearness and by looking at you, and that I may obtain the blessing of your supplication." So Imām Aḥmad traveled to him while he was ill, accompanied by his sons and some of his family. When he approached the camp, Waṣīf the servant met him in a great procession. Waṣīf greeted Imām Aḥmad, and he returned the greeting. Then Waṣīf said to him: "God has enabled you against your enemy Ibn Abī Duʾād." He did not answer him, and his son began to supplicate for the caliph and for Waṣīf. When they arrived at the camp at Surra man raʾā, Aḥmad was lodged in the house of Ītākh. When he learned of that, he moved from it and ordered that another house be rented for him. The chiefs of the commanders used to attend before him every day, conveying the caliph's greeting to him, and they did not enter upon him until they removed the ornaments and weapons they were wearing. The caliph sent to him soft furnishings and other fittings befitting that great house. The caliph wanted him to stay there so that he could narrate ḥadīth to the people, in compensation for what they had missed from him during the days of the miḥnah and the long years after it, while he was confined in his house, not going out to congregational prayers or Friday prayers. He excused himself to them by saying that he was ill, his teeth were loose, and he was weak. The caliph used to send him every day a table with various kinds of food, fruit, and ice, worth about one hundred and twenty dirhams each day. The caliph thought that he was eating from that, but Aḥmad did not eat anything from it at all; rather he was fasting, abstaining. He remained eight days without seeking any food, and in addition he was ill. Then his son adjured him until he drank a little sawīq after eight days. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Yaḥyā b. Khāqān came with ample money from the caliph as a gift for him, but he refused to accept it. The amīr insisted, but he did not accept. The amīr took it and distributed it among his sons and family, saying: "It is not possible for the caliph's gift to be returned to him." The caliph wrote for his family and children a monthly allowance of four thousand dirhams. Abū ʿAbd Allāh resisted that, but the caliph said: "This is necessary, and this is only for your children." So Abū ʿAbd Allāh ceased his resistance. Then he began to blame his family, his paternal uncle, and his cousins, saying to them: "Only a few days remain for us, and it is as if death has already descended upon us, so either to Paradise or to the Fire. Shall we leave this world with our bellies having taken from the wealth of these people?" in long words of admonition to them. They argued against him with the authentic ḥadīth: "Whatever comes to you of this wealth while you are not asking for it nor eager for it, take it," and with the fact that Ibn ʿUmar and Ibn ʿAbbās accepted gifts from the ruler. He said: "This and that are not the same. If I knew that this wealth was taken from its rightful owners without injustice or oppression, I would not care." When Abū ʿAbd Allāh's weakness continued, al-Mutawakkil began sending Ibn Māsawayh the physician to examine his illness. He returned to him and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal has no physical illness; his illness is from lack of food and excessive fasting and worship." Al-Mutawakkil remained silent. Then the caliph's mother asked him to see Imām Aḥmad. Al-Mutawakkil sent to him asking that he meet with his son al-Muʿtazz and supplicate for him, and that he be in his care. He refused that, then agreed to it, hoping to hasten his return to his family in Baghdād. The caliph sent him an excellent robe of honor and one of his own mounts. He refused to ride it because it had a leopard-skin saddlecloth. A mule belonging to some merchants was brought, and he rode it. He came to the gathering of al-Muʿtazz, while the caliph and his mother sat in a corner of that gathering behind a thin curtain. When Aḥmad came, he said: "Peace be upon you," and sat down without greeting him with the title of command. The caliph's mother said: "For God's sake, my son, be careful with this man! Send him back to his family, for this man is not one of those who desire what you are involved in." When al-Mutawakkil saw Aḥmad, he said to his mother: "O mother, the house has been illuminated." The servant came with an excellent lined robe of honor, a garment, a cap, and a ṭaylasān, and he dressed Imām Aḥmad with his own hands while Aḥmad did not move at all. Imām Aḥmad said: "When I sat with al-Muʿtazz, his tutor said: 'May God set the amīr aright, this is the one whom the caliph ordered to be your tutor.' He said: 'If he teaches me something, I will learn it.'" Aḥmad said: "I marveled at his intelligence at his young age, for he was very young." Then Aḥmad left them while seeking God's forgiveness and seeking refuge in God from His wrath and anger. After some days the caliph permitted him to depart, and he prepared a ḥarrāqah for him, but he refused to travel in it; instead he rode in a small boat and entered Baghdād in concealment. He ordered that robe of honor to be sold and its price given as charity to the poor and needy. For days he suffered pain from his meeting with them and said: "I remained safe from them my whole life, then I was afflicted with them at its end." He had suffered severe hunger among them, so much that he almost perished from hunger. Some of the commanders said to al-Mutawakkil ʿalā Allāh the caliph: "O Commander of the Faithful, Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal does not eat your food, nor drink your drink, nor sit on your furnishing, and he forbids what you drink." He said to them: "By God, if al-Muʿtaṣim were raised from the dead and spoke to me about Aḥmad, I would not accept it from him." The caliph's messengers kept coming to him every day to inquire about his news and how he was. He began to consult him about the wealth of Ibn Abī Duʾād, but he would not answer with anything. Then al-Mutawakkil expelled Ibn Abī Duʾād from Surra man raʾā to Baghdād after he had made him testify against himself to the sale of his estates and properties and the seizure of all his wealth. ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad said: "When my father returned from Sāmarrā to Baghdād, we found that his eyes had sunk into their sockets, and his strength did not return to him until after six months. He refused to enter the house of his relatives or to enter a house where they were, or to benefit from anything they had, because of their acceptance of the ruler's wealth." Aḥmad's journey to al-Mutawakkil took place in the year 237 AH. Then he remained until the year of his death, and hardly a day passed without a message from al-Mutawakkil coming to him about matters in which he consulted him and sought his advice about things that occurred to him. When al-Mutawakkil came to Baghdād, he sent Ibn Khāqān to him with a thousand dinars to distribute to whomever he saw fit. He refused to accept it or distribute it, and said: "The Commander of the Faithful has exempted me from what I dislike." So he returned it. A man wrote a note to al-Mutawakkil saying: "O Commander of the Faithful, Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal reviles your forefathers and accuses them of heresy." Al-Mutawakkil wrote on it: "As for al-Maʾmūn, he mixed things and let people have power over himself. As for my father al-Muʿtaṣim, he was a man of war and had no insight into kalām. As for my brother al-Wāthiq, he deserved what was said about him." Then he ordered that the man who had submitted the note be given two hundred lashes. ʿAbd Allāh b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm took him and gave him five hundred lashes. The caliph said to him: "Why did you give him five hundred lashes?" He said: "Two hundred for obedience to you, two hundred for obedience to God and His Messenger, and one hundred because he slandered this shaykh, the righteous man Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal." The caliph wrote to Imām Aḥmad asking him about the saying regarding the Qurʾān, a question seeking guidance and benefit, not a question of harassment, testing, or obstinacy. Aḥmad, may God have mercy on him, wrote to him an excellent letter containing reports from the Companions and others, and elevated ḥadīths. His son Ṣāliḥ included it in the miḥnah account he narrated, and it is transmitted from him, and more than one of the ḥuffāẓ has transmitted it. Mention of the righteous dreams that Imām Aḥmad saw and that were seen for him. It has been authentically established in the ḥadīth: "Nothing remains of prophethood except the glad tidings" — and in another narration: "except the righteous dream" — which the believer sees or is seen for him. Al-Bayhaqī related, with his chain of transmission, that Salamah b. Shabīb said: We were with Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal when an old man came to him with a staff, greeted him, and sat down. He said: Which of you is Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal? Aḥmad said: I am he; what do you need? He said: I traveled to you from four hundred farsakhs. I saw al-Khaḍir in a dream, and he said to me: Go to Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and ask about him, and tell him: The Inhabitant of the Throne and the angels are pleased with you because you patiently endured for the sake of God, Mighty and Majestic. And from Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Khuzaymah al-Iskandarānī, who said: When Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal died, I was greatly grieved, and I saw him in a dream walking with a swaggering gait. I said to him: O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, what kind of walking is this? He said: It is the walk of the servants in the Abode of Peace. I said: What has God done with you? He said: He forgave me, crowned me, and clothed me with sandals of gold, and said to me: O Aḥmad, this is because of your saying: The Qurʾān is My speech. Then He said to me: O Aḥmad, supplicate Me with those supplications that reached you from Sufyān al-Thawrī and with which you used to supplicate in the abode of this world. He said: I said: O Lord of everything, by Your power over everything, forgive me everything, so that You will not ask me about anything. Then He said to me: O Aḥmad, this is Paradise; arise and enter it. So I entered, and there I saw Sufyān al-Thawrī with two green wings, flying with them from one palm tree to another, saying: Praise be to God who has fulfilled His promise to us and made us inherit the land, so that we may settle in Paradise wherever we wish. How excellent is the reward of those who work [Qurʾān 39:74]. He said: I said to him: What has happened to Bishr al-Ḥāfī? He said: Excellent, excellent! Who is like Bishr? I left him before the Majestic One, and before him was a table of food, and the Majestic One was facing him, saying: Eat, O you who did not eat; drink, O you who did not drink; and enjoy, O you who did not enjoy—or words to that effect. Abū Muḥammad Ibn Abī Ḥātim said, from Muḥammad b. Muslim b. Wārah, who said: When Abū Zurʿah died, I saw him in a dream and said to him: What has God done with you? He said: The Compeller said to me: Join him with Abū ʿAbd Allāh, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh—Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, and Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ʿUthmān b. Khurrazādh al-Anṭākī said: I saw in a dream as if the Resurrection had come, and the Lord had appeared for the judgment, and as if a caller was calling from beneath the interior of the Throne: Admit Abū ʿAbd Allāh, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh into Paradise. He said: I said to an angel beside me: Who are these? He said: Mālik, al-Thawrī, al-Shāfiʿī, and Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah said, from Yaḥyā b. Ayyūb al-Maqdisī, who said: I saw the Messenger of God ﷺ in a dream, and he was asleep with a garment covering him, while Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn were defending him. It was mentioned earlier in the biography of Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād, from Yaḥyā al-Jallāʾ, that he saw Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal in a circle in the congregational mosque, and Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād in another circle, and it was as if the Messenger of God ﷺ was standing between the two circles, reciting this verse: Those are the ones to whom We gave the Book, the judgment, and prophethood. But if these disbelieve in it—and he pointed to the circle of Ibn Abī Duʾād and his companions—then We have entrusted it to a people who are not disbelievers in it [Qurʾān 6:89], and he pointed to Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and his companions. Mention of the death of Imam Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, may God have mercy on him. His son Ṣāliḥ said: His illness began in the first part of the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year 241 AH. I entered upon him on Wednesday, the second of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and he was feverish, breathing heavily and weak. I said: O father, what was your lunch? He said: Bean water. Then he mentioned the frequent coming of people, both notables and the common folk, to visit him, and the great distress of the people over him. He had with him a rag containing small pieces of money from which he spent on himself. He ordered his son ʿAbd Allāh to demand payment from the tenants of his property and to expiate an oath on his behalf. So he took some of the rent, bought dates, and expiated on behalf of his father, and three dirhams remained from that. Imam Aḥmad wrote his will: In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. This is what Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Ḥanbal bequeathed. He bequeathed that he bears witness that there is no god but God alone, with no partner, and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger, whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even if the polytheists dislike it. He enjoined those of his family and relatives who obey him to worship God among the worshippers, to praise Him among the praisers, and to give sincere counsel to the community of Muslims. I bequeath that I am pleased with God as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muḥammad as Prophet. I bequeath that ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad, known as Fūrān, has a claim on me of about fifty dinars, and he is truthful in what he says, so what he is owed shall be paid from the yield of the house, if God wills. When it is fully paid, the children of Ṣāliḥ, every male and female, shall be given ten dirhams each. Then he called for the young children among his heirs and began to supplicate for them. A boy had been born to him fifty days before his death, and he named him Saʿīd. He had another son named Muḥammad who had begun to walk when Imam Aḥmad fell ill. He called him, embraced him, and kissed him, then said: What would I do with a child at old age? It was said to him: They are offspring who will supplicate for you after you are gone. He said: That is so. And he praised God, Mighty and Majestic. During his illness, it reached him that Ṭāwūs disliked moaning in illness, so he abandoned moaning and did not moan until the night in the morning of which he died, which was Friday night, the twelfth of Rabīʿ al-Awwal of this year, when the pain became severe. It is related from his son ʿAbd Allāh, and also from Ṣāliḥ—and it may be from each of them—that he said: When my father, may God have mercy on him, was dying, he kept saying: Not yet, not yet. I said: O father, what is this phrase you keep repeating at this hour? He said: O my son, Iblīs is standing in the corner of the house, biting his finger and saying: Have you escaped me, O Aḥmad? So I say: Not yet, not yet—meaning that he will not escape him until his soul leaves his body upon monotheism, as it came in some hadiths: Iblīs said: O Lord, by Your might and majesty, I will not cease to lead them astray as long as their souls are in their bodies. He said: By My might and majesty, I will not cease to forgive them as long as they seek My forgiveness. The best part of his affair was that he gestured to his family to perform ablution for him, and they began to perform ablution for him while he gestured to them: Run your fingers between my toes. He was remembering God throughout all of that. When they completed the ablution, he passed away, may God have mercy on him and be pleased with him. Imam Aḥmad ؓ died on Friday morning, about two hours after daybreak. People gathered in the streets. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir sent his chamberlain with servants carrying towels containing shrouds, and he sent word: This is on behalf of the caliph, for if he were present, he would have sent this. His sons sent back saying: The Commander of the Faithful had excused him during his lifetime from what he disliked, and this is among what he disliked. They refused to shroud him in those garments and brought a cloth that his slave girl had spun, and they shrouded him in it. They also bought with it a piece for the outer wrapping and perfume, and they bought a waterskin of water. They refused to wash him with water from their own houses because he had shunned their houses, not eating from them or borrowing anything from their belongings. He remained angry with them because they took what was allocated to them from the public treasury, which was four thousand dirhams each month, while they were dependent and poor. About a hundred members of the caliphal household from Banū Hāshim attended his washing, and they began to kiss the space between his eyes, supplicate for him, and ask mercy for him. The people brought out his bier with the multitudes around it, men and women whose number none knows but God. The deputy of the city, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir, stood among the people, stepped forward, and offered condolences to the sons of Imam Aḥmad. It was he who led the people in the funeral prayer over him. Many groups of people repeated the prayer at the grave after burial because of that, and he was not settled in his grave, may God have mercy on him, until after the afternoon prayer, due to the great number of people. Al-Bayhaqī and others related that the emir Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir ordered that the people be counted, and they were found to be one million three hundred thousand. In another narration: and seven hundred thousand, besides those in the boats. The least that was said was seven hundred thousand. Ibn Abī Ḥātim said: I heard Abū Zurʿah say: It reached me that al-Mutawakkil ordered that the area where people stood for the funeral prayer over Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal be measured, and it reached the extent of two million five hundred thousand. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Warrāq said: It has not reached us that any gathering in the Jāhiliyyah or in Islam was larger than the gathering for the funeral of Abū ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Warkānī, the neighbor of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, said: On the day Aḥmad died, twenty thousand Jews, Christians, and Magians embraced Islam, and mourning took place among the Muslims, Jews, Christians, and Magians. In some copies: ten thousand embraced Islam instead of twenty thousand. God knows best. Al-Dāraquṭnī said: I heard Abū Sahl b. Ziyād say: I heard ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad say: I heard my father say: Say to the people of innovation: Between us and you are the funerals. God confirmed his words in this, for he, may God have mercy on him, was the imam of the Sunnah in his time, while the eyes of his opponents, such as the judge Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād, no one paid any attention to his death, and none of the people escorted his funeral except a few. Likewise al-Ḥārith b. Asad al-Muḥāsibī, despite his asceticism, piety, self-scrutiny, and examination of his thoughts and movements, only three or four people prayed over him. To God belongs the command before and after. Al-Bayhaqī related from Ḥajjāj b. Muḥammad al-Shāʿir that he said: I would not love to be killed in the path of God without having prayed over Imam Aḥmad. It is related from a man of knowledge that he said on the day Aḥmad was buried: Today the sixth of five was buried: Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, and ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, may God have mercy on them. His age, may God have mercy on him, on the day he died was seventy-seven years and a few days less than a month.
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