Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3352
The Year 240 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْيَمَانِ، أَبُو ثَوْرٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ . سَمِعَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ عُلَيَّةَ، وَوَكِيعًا، وَأَبَا مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ، وَالشَّافِعِيَّ، وَغَيْرَهُمْ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا. وَكَانَ يَمِيلُ إِلَى الرَّأْيِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ بَغْدَادَ اخْتَلَفَ إِلَيْهِ، وَتَرَكَ قَوْلَ أَهْلِ الرَّأْيِ. وَكَانَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ الْأَخْيَارِ، وَالثِّقَاتِ الْأَعْلَامِ، وَصَنَّفَ كُتُبًا فِي الْأَحْكَامِ جَمَعَ فِيهَا بَيْنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْفِقْهِ. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ يُثْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَيَقُولُ: أَعْرِفُهُ بِالسَّنَةِ مُنْذُ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالَ: سَلِ الْفُقَهَاءَ، سَلْ أَبَا ثَوْرٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ - قَالَ ابْنُ خَلَّادٍ: وَأُنْسِيتُ أَنَا اسْمَهُ - قَالَ: وَقَفَتِ امْرَأَةٌ عَلَى مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَأَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، وَخَلَفُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ يَتَذَاكَرُونَ الْحَدِيثَ، فَسَمِعَتْهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَوَاهُ [فُلَانٌ ]، وَحَدَّثَ بِهِ فُلَانٌ، فَسَأَلَتْهُمْ عَنِ الْحَائِضِ تُغَسِّلُ الْمَوْتَى. فَلَمْ يُجِبْهَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ - وَكَانَتْ غَاسِلَةً - وَجَعَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا: عَلَيْكِ بِالْمُقْبِلِ، فَسَأَلَتْهُ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ تُغَسِّلُ الْمَوْتَى، لِحَدِيثِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: "أَمَا إِنَّ حَيْضَتَكِ لَيْسَتْ فِي يَدِكِ". وَلِقَوْلِهَا: كُنْتُ أُفَرِّقُ رَأْسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَاءِ وَأَنَا حَائِضٌ. قَالَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ: فَإِذَا فَرَّقَتْ رَأْسَ الْحَيِّ فَالْمَيِّتُ أَوْلَى بِهِ. فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ رَوَاهُ فُلَانٌ، وَحَدَّثَنَا بِهِ فُلَانٌ، وَنَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ كَذَا، وَخَاضُوا فِي الطُّرُقِ وَالرِّوَايَاتِ. فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: فَأَيْنَ كُنْتُمْ إِلَى الْآنَ. وَقَالَ الْمُزَنِيُّ: قَالَ لِي الشَّافِعِيُّ: رَأَيْتُ بِبَغْدَادَ ثَلَاثَ أُعْجُوبَاتٍ ! قُلْتُ: مَا هُنَّ ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ نَبَطِيًّا يَنْحُو حَتَّى كَأَنِّي أَنَا نَبَطِيٌّ وَهُوَ غُلَامِي، وَرَأَيْتُ أَعْرَابِيًّا قُحًّا يَلْحَنُ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ نَبَطِيٌّ وَهُوَ غُلَامِي. قُلْتُ: مَنِ الْأَوَّلُ ؟ قَالَ: الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، [وَهُوَ غُلَامِي ]. قُلْتُ. فَمَنِ الْعَرَبِيُّ الْقُحُّ ؟ قَالَ: أَبُو ثَوْرٍ [وَهُوَ غُلَامِي ]. قُلْتُ: فَالْأُخْرَى ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ بِبَغْدَادَ شَابًّا أَسْوَدَ الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ إِذَا قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا قَالَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ: صَدَقَ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ. تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو ثَوْرٍ فِي صَفَرِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَدُفِنَ فِي مَقْبَرَةِ بَابِ الْكَنَائِسِ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ: قَالَ لِي أَبِي: أَيْنَ كُنْتَ ؟ قُلْتُ: فِي جِنَازَةِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، فَقَالَ: رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَقِيهًا. أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَضِرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَضِرِ، وَهُوَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ خَضْرَوَيْهِ الْبَلْخِيُّ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا حَامِدٍ . صَحِبَ أَبَا تُرَابٍ [النَّخْشَبِيَّ ] وَحَاتِمًا، وَرَحَلَ إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، وَأَبِي حَفْصٍ. يَقُولُ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ حَامِدٍ التِّرْمِذِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَضْرَوَيْهِ: أَوْصِنِي فَقَالَ: أَمِتْ نَفْسَكَ حَتَّى تُحْيِيَهَا، وَقَالَ: لَا نَوْمَ أَثْقَلُ مِنَ الْغَفْلَةِ، وَلَا رِقَّ أَمْلَكُ مِنَ الشَّهْوَةِ، وَلَوْلَا ثِقَلُ الْغَفْلَةِ لَمْ تَظْفَرْ بِكَ الشَّهْوَةُ. وَيَقُولُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ حَامِدٍ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَضْرَوَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي النَّزْعِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَتَى عَلَيْهِ خَمْسٌ وَتِسْعُونَ سَنَةً فَسُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، بَابٌ كُنْتُ أَدُقُّهُ خَمْسًا وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً هُوَ ذَا يَفْتَحُ لِي السَّاعَةَ، لَا أَدْرِي أَيَفْتَحُ لِي بِالسَّعَادَةِ أَوْ بِالشَّقَاوَةِ، آنَ لِي أَوَانُ الْجَوَابِ. وَكَانَ رَكْبُهُ مِنَ الدِّينِ سَبْعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَحَضَرَهُ غُرَمَاؤُهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ جَعَلْتَ الرُّهُونَ وَثِيقَةً لِأَرْبَابِ الْأَمْوَالِ وَأَنْتَ تَأْخُذُ عَنْهُمْ وَثِيقَتَهُمْ، فَأَدِّ عَنِّي. قَالَ: فَدَقَّ دَاقٌّ الْبَابَ، وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ دَارُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَضْرَوَيْهِ ؟ فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَيْنَ غُرَمَاؤُهُ ؟ قَالَ: فَخَرَجُوا فَقَضَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَتْ رُوحُهُ. أَسْنَدَ ابْنُ خَضْرَوَيْهِ الْحَدِيثَ، وَتُوُفِّيَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَرِيمَةَ، أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ حَرَّانَ. حَدَّثَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، تُوُفِّيَ بِالْعِرَاقِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ مَا سَرْجِسَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ مَا سَرْجِسَ، أَبُو عَلِيٍّ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ . كَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ الثَّرْوَةِ، فَأَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ. قَالَ أَبَا عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْمَاسَرْجِسِيُّ يَحْكِي عَنْ جَدِّهِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ: كَانَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ ابْنَا عِيسَى بْنِ مَاسَرْجِسَ يَرْكَبَانِ مَعًا، فَيَتَحَيَّرُ النَّاسُ فِي حُسْنِهِمَا وَبِزَّتِهِمَا، فَاتَّفَقَا عَلَى أَنْ يُسْلِمَا فَقَصَدَا حَفْصَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لِيُسْلِمَا عَلَى يَدِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمَا حَفْصٌ: أَنْتُمَا مِنْ أَجَلِّ النَّصَارَى، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ خَارِجٌ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، فَإِذَا أَسْلَمْتُمَا عَلَى يَدِهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ أَعْظَمَ عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَرْفَعَ لَكُمَا فِي عِزِّكُمَا وَجَاهِكُمَا، فَإِنَّهُ شَيْخُ أَهْلِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ، فَانْصَرَفَا عَنْهُ فَمَرِضَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، فَمَاتَ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّتِهِ قَبْلَ قُدُومِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَسْلَمَ الْحَسَنُ عَلَى يَدِهِ. وَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ الْحَسَنُ سَمِعَ مِنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَرَحَلَ فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ، وَقَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ حَاجًّا، فَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، فَسَمِعَ مِنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، وَابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا، وَعُدَّ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ بِبَابِ الطَّاقِ اثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أَلْفَ مِحْبَرَةٍ. وَكَانَ ثِقَةً دَيِّنًا وَرِعًا، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِنَيْسَابُورَ فِي عَقِبِهِ فُقَهَاءُ وَمُحَدِّثُونَ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي مُنْصَرَفِهِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ بِالثَّعْلَبِيَّةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَكَانَ قَبْرُهُ ظَاهِرًا بِهَا وَعَلَيْهِ مَكْتُوبٌ وَمَنْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ هَذَا قَبْرُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى، وَكَانَ أَنْفَقَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةِ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ [الضَّبِّيُّ ]: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْمُؤَمِّلِ بْنِ عِيسَى - وَنَحْنُ فِي الْبَادِيَةِ عِنْدَ مُنْصَرَفِنَا مِنْ زِيَارَةِ قَبْرِ الْحَسَنِ [بْنِ عِيسَى ] - قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا يَحْيَى الْبَزَّازَ يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَجَّ مَعَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَقْتَ وَفَاتِهِ بِالثَّعْلَبِيَّةِ، وَدُفِنَ بِهَا، فَاشْتَغَلْتُ بِحِفْظِ مَحْمَلِي وَآلَاتِي عَنْ حُضُورِ جِنَازَتِهِ وَالصَّلَاةِ عَلَيْهِ، لِغَيْبَةِ عَدِيلِي عَنِّي، فَحُرِمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأُرِيتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي مَنَامِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ، مَا فَعَلَ بِكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ قَالَ: غَفَرَ لِي رَبِّي، قُلْتُ: غَفَرَ لَكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ كَالْمُسْتَخْبِرِ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ، غَفَرَ لِي رَبِّي وَلِكُلٍّ مَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ. قُلْتُ: فَإِنِّي فَاتَتْنِي الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْكَ لِغَيْبَةِ الْعَدِيلِ عَنِ الرَّحْلِ. فَقَالَ: لَا تَجْزَعْ فَقَدْ غَفَرَ لِي [وَلِمَنْ صَلَّى عَلَيَّ ] وَلِكُلِّ مَنْ تَرَحَّمَ عَلَيَّ. سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ شَهْرَيَارَ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ شَهْرَيَارَ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ . سَكَنَ الْحَدِيثَةَ عَلَى فَرَاسِخَ مِنَ الْأَنْبَارِ، وَقَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَشَرِيكٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، [وَرَوَى عَنْهُ الْبَاغَنْدِيُّ ] وَالْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ كُفَّ بَصَرُهُ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ صَدُوقًا أَوْ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: مَا حَدَّثَكَ بِهِ فَاكْتُبْ عَنْهُ، وَمَا حَدَّثَ بِهِ تَلْقِينًا فَلَا. تُوُفِّيَ بِالْحَدِيثَةِ فِي شَوَّالِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ. عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ . سَمِعَ الْحَمَّادَيْنِ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: الْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. تُوُفِّيَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ. قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَمِيلِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جَمِيلِ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ، أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ مَوْلَاهُمْ . مِنْ أَهْلِ بَغْلَانَ وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ قُرَى بَلْخٍ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. قَالَ أَبُوهُ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَنَامِ بِيَدِهِ صَحِيفَةٌ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةُ ؟ قَالَ: "فِيهَا أَسْمَاءُ الْعُلَمَاءِ"، قُلْتُ: نَاوِلْنِي أَنْظُرْ فِيهَا اسْمَ ابْنِي، فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا فِيهَا اسْمُهُ. [قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: ] وَقُتَيْبَةُ لَقَبٌ غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَفِي اسْمِهِ قَوْلَانِ، أَحَدُهُمَا: يَحْيَى. قَالَهُ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ. وَالثَّانِي: عَلِيٌّ. قَالَهُ [أَبُو ] عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَنْدَهْ. رَحَلَ قُتَيْبَةُ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، وَمَكَّةَ، وَالْمَدِينَةِ، وَالشَّامِ، وَمِصْرَ. وَسَمِعَ مِنْ مَالِكٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ، وَابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ، وَحَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ. رَوَى عَنْهُ الْأَئِمَّةُ: أَحْمَدُ، وَيَحْيَى، وَأَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً مَأْمُونًا كَثِيرَ الْحَدِيثِ. يَقُولُ عِصَامَ بْنَ الْعَلَاءِ: سَمِعْتُ قُتَيْبَةَ [بْنَ سَعِيدٍ ] يَقُولُ: لَوْلَا الْقَضَاءُ الَّذِي لَا بُدَّ مُدْرِكُهُ فَالرِّزْقُ يَأْكُلُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ بِالْقَدَرِ مَا كَانَ مِثْلِي فِي بَغْلَانِ مَسْكَنُهُ وَلَا يَمُرُّ بِهَا إِلَّا عَلَى سَفَرِ [تُوُفِّيَ بِهَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ]. مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ، أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَعْيَنُ . وَاسْمُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ: الْحَسَنُ. كَذَا قَالَ مُسْلِمٌ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ. وَقَالَ الْبَغَوِيُّ: اسْمُ أَبِي [عَتَّابٍ ]: طَرِيفٌ، وَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ السَّرَّاجُ. حَدَّثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ: رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، وَوَهْبِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ، وَأَسْوَدَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: عَبَّاسٌ الدُّورِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: لَيْسَ هُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ - وَإِنَّمَا أَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ بِعِلَلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالنُّقَّادِ لِطُرُقِهِ - وَأَمَّا الضَّبْطُ وَالصِّدْقُ فَلَيْسَ بِمَدْفُوعٍ عَنْهُ. وَتُوُفِّيَ بِبَغْدَادَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ بَقِيَتْ [مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ ] مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْجَرْجَرَائِيُّ . حَدَّثَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَهُشَيْمِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا. قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُقْدَةَ: هُوَ ثِقَةٌ. قَالَ الْبَغَوِيُّ: تُوُفِّيَ بِجَرْجَرَايَا فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَفِي الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْهَا تُوُفِّيَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ بَعْدَ ابْنِهِ بِعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا. وَهَذِهِ تَرْجَمَةُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ الْقَاضِي هُوَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَاسْمُهُ الْفَرَجُ، وَقِيلَ: دُعْمِيٌّ. وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ اسْمَهُ كُنْيَتُهُ - ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ الْقَاضِي، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْإِيَادِيُّ الْمُعْتَزِلِيُّ. قَالَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ فِي نَسَبِهِ: هُوَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ فَرَجِ بْنِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سَلَّامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ هِنْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ لَخْمِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ قَنَصِ بْنِ مَنَعَةَ بْنِ بُرْجَانَ بْنِ دَوْسِ بْنِ الدُّئِلِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ حُذَاقَةَ بْنِ زُهْرِ بْنِ إِيَادِ بْنِ نِزَارِ بْنِ مَعَدِّ بْنِ عَدْنَانَ. قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ: وَلِيَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ قَضَاءَ الْقُضَاةِ لِلْمُعْتَصِمِ، ثُمَّ لِلْوَاثِقِ، وَكَانَ مَوْصُوفًا بِالْجُودِ وَالسَّخَاءِ وَحُسْنِ الْخُلُقِ وَوُفُورِ الْأَدَبِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ أَعْلَنَ بِمَذْهَبِ الْجَهْمِيَّةِ، وَحَمَلَ السُّلْطَانَ عَلَى امْتِحَانِ النَّاسِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ، قَالَ الصُّولِيُّ: لَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدَ الْبَرَامِكَةِ أَكْرَمُ مِنْهُ، وَلَوْلَا مَا وَضَعَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ مِنْ مَحَبَّةِ الْمِحْنَةِ لَاجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْأَلْسُنُ. قَالُوا: وَكَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ فِي سَنَةِ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ أَسَنَّ مِنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَكْثَمَ بِعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ وَأَصْلُهُ مِنْ بِلَادِ قِنِّسرِينَ وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ تَاجِرًا يَفِدُ إِلَى الشَّامِ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ وَلَدَهُ هَذَا مَعَهُ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَاشْتَغَلَ بِالْعِلْمِ، وَصَحِبَ هَيَّاجَ بْنَ الْعَلَاءِ السُّلَمِيَّ، أَحَدَ أَصْحَابِ وَاصِلِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ فَأَخَذَ عَنْهُ الِاعْتِزَالَ، وَذُكِرَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَصْحَبُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَكْثَمَ الْقَاضِي، وَيَأْخُذُ عَنْهُ الْعِلْمَ ثُمَّ سَرَدَ لَهُ تَرْجَمَةً طَوِيلَةً فِي كِتَابِ " الْوَفَيَاتِ ". وَقَدِ امْتَدَحَهُ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ، فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالْخُلَفَاءُ مِنَّا وَمِنَّا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ فَقَالَ: فَقُلْ لِلْفَاخِرِينَ عَلَى نِزَارٍ وَهُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ سَادَاتُ الْعِبَادِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَالْخُلَفَاءُ مِنَّا وَنَبْرَأُ مِنْ دَعِيِّ بَنِي إِيَادِ وَمَا مِنَّا إِيَادٌ إِذْ أَقَرَّتْ بِدَعْوَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ قَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَكْرَهُ الْعُقُوبَةَ لَعَاقَبْتُ هَذَا الشَّاعِرَ عُقُوبَةً مَا فَعَلَهَا أَحَدٌ. وَعَفَا عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ: بسنده قال جَرِيرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ،: كَانَ أَبِي - يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ - إِذَا صَلَّى رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَخَاطَبَ رَبَّهُ، وَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: مَا أَنْتَ بِالسَّبَبِ الضَّعِيفِ وَإِنَّمَا نُجْحُ الْأُمُورِ بِقُوَّةِ الْأَسْبَابِ وَالْيَوْمَ حَاجَتُنَا إِلَيْكَ وَإِنَّمَا يُدْعَى الطَّبِيبُ لِسَاعَةِ الْأَوْصَابِ ثُمَّ رَوَى الْخَطِيبُ أَنَّ أَبَا تَمَّامٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَحْسَبُكَ عَاتِبًا. فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا يُعْتَبُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ، وَأَنْتَ النَّاسُ جَمِيعًا. فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنَّى لَكَ هَذِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي نُوَاسٍ: وَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ بِمُسْتَنْكَرٍ أَنْ يَجْمَعَ الْعَالَمَ فِي وَاحِدِ وَامْتَدَحَهُ أَبُو تَمَّامٍ يَوْمًا، فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ أَنْسَتْ مَسَاوِئَ كُلِّ دَهْرٍ مَحَاسِنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادِ وَمَا سَافَرْتُ فِي الْآفَاقِ إِلَّا وَمِنْ جَدْوَاكَ رَاحِلَتِي وَزَادِي يُقِيمُ الظَّنُّ عِنْدَكَ وَالْأَمَانِي وَإِنْ قَلِقَتْ رِكَابِي فِي الْبِلَادِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: هَذَا الْمَعْنَى تَفَرَّدْتَ بِهِ، أَوْ أَخَذْتَهُ مَنْ غَيْرِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: هُوَ لِي غَيْرَ أَنِّي أَلْمَمْتُ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي نُوَاسٍ: وَإِنْ جَرَتِ الْأَلْفَاظُ يَوْمًا بِمِدْحَةٍ لِغَيْرِكَ إِنْسَانًا فَأَنْتَ الَّذِي نَعْنِي وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الصُّولِيُّ: وَمِنْ مُخْتَارِ مَدِيحِ أَبِي تَمَّامٍ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ قَوْلُهُ: أَأَحْمَدُ إِنَّ الْحَاسِدِينَ كَثِيرُ وَمَا لَكَ إِنْ عُدَّ الْكِرَامُ نَظِيرُ حَلَلْتَ مَحَلًّا فَاضِلًا مُتَقَدِّمًا مِنَ الْمَجْدِ وَالْفَخْرُ الْقَدِيمُ فَخُورُ فَكُلُّ غَنِيٍّ أَوْ فَقِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنْ نَالَ السَّمَاءَ فَقِيرُ إِلَيْكَ تَنَاهَى الْمَجْدُ مِنْ كُلِّ وِجْهَةٍ يَصِيرُ فَمَا يَعْدُوكَ حَيْثُ تَصِيرُ وَبَدْرُ إِيَادٍ أَنْتَ لَا يُنْكِرُونَهُ كَذَاكَ إِيَادٌ لِلَأَنَامِ بُدُورُ تَجَنَّبْتَ أَنْ تُدَعَى الْأَمِيرَ تَوَاضُعًا وَأَنْتَ لِمَنْ يُدْعَى الْأَمِيرَ أَمِيرُ فَمَا مِنْ نَدًى إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ مَحَلُّهُ وَلَا رِفْعَةٍ إِلَّا إِلَيْكَ تَسِيرُ قُلْتُ: قَدْ أَخْطَأَ الشَّاعِرُ فِي هَذَا خَطَأً كَبِيرًا، وَأَفْحَشَ فِي الْمُبَالَغَةِ كَثِيرًا. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ يَوْمًا لِبَعْضِهِمْ: لِمَ لَا تَسْأَلُنِي ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ: لِأَنِّي لَوْ سَأَلْتُكَ أَعْطَيْتُكَ ثَمَنَ مَا تُعْطِينِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ: صَدَقْتَ. وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ ابْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُ عَلَى عِيرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا غُلَامُ، أَعْطِهِ عِيرًا وَبَغْلًا وَبِرْذَوْنًا وَفَرَسًا وَجَارِيَةً. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: لَوْ أَعْلَمُ مَرْكُوبًا غَيْرَ هَذَا لَأَعْطَيْتُكَ. ثُمَّ أَوْرَدَ الْخَطِيبُ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَخْبَارًا تَدُلُّ عَلَى كَرَمِهِ وَفَصَاحَتِهِ وَأَدَبِهِ وَحِلْمِهِ وَمُبَادَرَتِهِ إِلَى قَضَاءِ الْحَاجَاتِ، وَعَظِيمِ مَنْزِلَتِهِ عِنْدَ الْخُلَفَاءِ. وَذُكِرَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُهْتَدِي ابْنِ الْوَاثِقِ أَنَّ شَيْخًا دَخَلَ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْوَاثِقِ فَسَلَّمَ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْوَاثِقُ، بَلْ قَالَ: لَا سَلَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، بِئْسَ مَا أَدَّبَكَ مُعَلِّمُكَ ; قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّوا بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَوْ رُدُّوهَا [ النِّسَاءِ: 86 ] فَلَا حَيَّيْتَنِي بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا، وَلَا رَدَدْتَهَا. فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، الرَّجُلُ مُتَكَلِّمٌ. فَقَالَ: نَاظِرْهُ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا شَيْخُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، أَمَخْلُوقٌ هُوَ ؟ فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ: لَمْ تُنْصِفْنِي ; الْمَسْأَلَةُ لِي. فَقَالَ: قُلْ. فَقَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي تَقُولُهُ، عَلِمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعْلَيٌّ أَوْ مَا عَلِمُوهُ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَمْ يَعْلَمُوهُ. قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ عَلِمْتَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا ؟ فَخَجِلَ وَسَكَتَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَقِلْنِي، بَلْ عَلِمُوهُ. قَالَ: فَلِمَ لَا دَعَوُا النَّاسَ إِلَيْهِ كَمَا دَعَوْتَهُمْ أَنْتَ، أَمَا وَسِعَكَ مَا وَسِعَهُمْ ؟ فَسَكَتَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، وَأَمَرَ الْوَاثِقُ لَهُ بِجَائِزَةٍ نَحْوَ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ. قَالَ الْمُهْتَدِي: فَدَخَلَ أَبِي الْمَنْزِلَ وَاسْتَلْقَى عَلَى قَفَاهُ، وَجَعَلَ يُكَرِّرُ قَوْلَ الشَّيْخِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، وَيَقُولُ: أَمَا وَسِعَكَ مَا وَسِعَهُمْ ؟ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِإِطْلَاقِ الشَّيْخِ وَإِعْطَائِهِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَرَدَّهُ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ، وَسَقَطَ مِنْ عَيْنَيْهِ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَلَمْ يَمْتَحِنْ بَعْدَهُ أَحَدًا. رَوَاهَا الْخَطِيبُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ فِي تَارِيخِهِ بِإِسْنَادٍ فِيهِ بَعْضُ مَنْ لَا أَعْرِفُهُ، وَسَاقَهَا مُطَوَّلَةً وَفِيهَا نَكَارَةٌ. وَقَدْ أَنْشَدَ ثَعْلَبٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَجَّاجٍ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: نَكَسْتَ الدِّينَ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادِ فَأَصْبَحَ مَنْ أَطَاعَكَ فِي ارْتِدَادِ زَعَمْتَ كَلَامَ رَبِّكَ كَانَ خَلْقًا أَمَا لَكَ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ مِنْ مَعَادِ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ أَنْزَلَهُ بِعِلْمٍ وَأَنْزَلَهُ عَلَى خَيْرِ الْعِبَادِ وَمَنْ أَمْسَى بِبَابِكَ مُسْتَضِيفًا كَمَنْ حَلَّ الْفَلَاةَ بِغَيْرِ زَادِ لَقَدْ أَطْرَفْتَ يَا ابْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادِ بِقَوْلِكَ إِنَّنِي رَجْلٌ إِيَادِي ثُمَّ قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ: بسنده عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الصُّولِيِّ لِبَعْضِهِمْ يَهْجُو ابْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: لَوْ كُنْتَ فِي الرَّأْيِ مَنْسُوبًا إِلَى رَشَدٍ وَكَانَ عَزْمُكَ عَزْمًا فِيهِ تَوْفِيقُ لَكَانَ فِي الْفِقْهِ شُغْلٌ لَوْ قَنِعْتَ بِهِ عَنْ أَنْ تَقُولَ كَتَابُ اللَّهِ مَخْلُوقُ مَاذَا عَلَيْكَ وَأَصْلُ الدِّينِ يَجْمَعُهُمْ مَا كَانَ فِي الْفَرْعِ لَا فِي الْجَهْلِ وَالْمُوقِ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَبْيَاتُ. وَرَوَى الْخَطِيبُ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْجَلَّاءِ أَوْ عَلِيٍّ ابْنِ الْمُوَفَّقِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَاظَرَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْوَاقِفِيَّةِ فِي خَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ فَنَالَنِي مِنْهُ مَا أَكْرَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَمْسَيْتُ أَتَيْتُ امْرَأَتِي فَوَضَعَتْ لِيَ الْعَشَاءَ فَلَمْ أَقْدِرْ أَنْ أَنَالَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَنِمْتُ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ، وَهُنَاكَ حَلْقَةٌ فِيهَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَحَلْقَةٌ فِيهَا ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فَإِنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهَا هَؤُلَاءِ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 89 ] وَيُشِيرُ إِلَى حَلْقَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ فَقَدْ وَكَّلْنَا بِهَا قَوْمًا لَيْسُوا بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 89 ] وَيُشِيرُ إِلَى حَلْقَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ رَحِمَهُمُ اللَّهُ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ لَيْلَةَ مَاتَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ كَأَنَّ قَائِلًا يَقُولُ: هَلَكَ اللَّيْلَةَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَمَا سَبَبُ هَلَاكِهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ أَغْضَبَ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ فَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتٍ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: رَأَيْتُ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ كَأَنَّ النَّارَ زَفَرَتْ زَفْرَةً عَظِيمَةً، فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا اللَّهَبُ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا ؟ فَقِيلَ: هَذِهِ اتُّخِذَتْ لِابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَقَدْ كَانَ مَوْتُهُ فِي يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ ابْنُهُ الْعَبَّاسُ، وَدُفِنَ فِي دَارِهِ بِبَغْدَادَ وَعُمْرُهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً، وَابْتَلَاهُ اللَّهُ بِالْفَالِجِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِأَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ وَبَقِيَ طَرِيحًا فِي فِرَاشِهِ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُحَرِّكَ شَيْئًا مِنْ جَسَدِهِ. وَقَدْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُهُمْ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا جِئْتُكَ عَائِدًا وَإِنَّمَا جِئْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ اللَّهَ عَلَى أَنْ سَجَنَكَ فِي جَسَدِكَ. وَقَدْ صُودِرَ فِي الْعَامِ الْمَاضِي بِأَمْوَالٍ جَزِيلَةٍ جِدًّا، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ بَيَانُهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ كَانَ مَوْلِدُهُ فِي سَنَةِ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ. قُلْتُ: فَعَلَى هَذَا يَكُونُ أَسَنَّ مِنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمِنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَكْثَمَ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ سَبَبَ اتِّصَالِ ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ بِالْخَلِيفَةِ الْمَأْمُونِ فَحَظِيَ عِنْدَهُ، بِحَيْثُ إِنَّهُ أَوْصَى بِهِ إِلَى أَخِيهِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ، فَوَلَّاهُ الْمُعْتَصِمُ الْقَضَاءَ وَعَزَلَ ابْنَ أَكْثَمَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَقْطَعُ أَمْرًا دُونَهُ، فَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ خِصِّيصًا ; وَلَّاهُ الْقَضَاءَ وَالْمَظَالِمَ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزَّيَّاتِ الْوَزِيرُ يُبْغِضُهُ، وَجَرَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَافَسَاتٌ وَهَجْوٌ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَقَدْ بَالَغَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ فِي تَرْجَمَتِهِ وَمَدْحِهِ، وَذَكَرَ مِنْ مَآثِرِهِ وَمَحَاسِنِهِ فَأَطْنَبَ وَأَكْثَرَ وَمَا أَطْيَبَ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَسَاوِئِهِ، بَلْ ذَكَرَ امْتِحَانَهُ لِلْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ذِكْرًا مُوجَزًا بِأَطْرَافِ الْأَنَامِلِ، وَهِيَ الْمِحْنَةُ الَّتِي هِيَ أُسُّ مَا بَعْدَهَا مِنَ الْمِحَنِ، وَالْفِتْنَةُ الَّتِي فَتَحَتْ عَلَى النَّاسِ بَابَ الْفِتَنِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ خِلِّكَانَ مَا ضُرِبَ بِهِ مِنَ الْفَالِجِ، وَمَا صُودِرَ بِهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ الرَّابِحِ، وَأَنَّ ابْنَهُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ مُحَمَّدًا صُودِرَ بِأَلْفِ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَنَّهُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ أَبِيهِ بِشَهْرٍ. وَأَمَّا الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فَإِنَّهُ بَسَطَ الْقَوْلَ فِي تَرْجَمَتِهِ وَشَرَحَهَا شَرْحًا مَلِيحًا. وَقَدْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ أَدِيبًا فَصِيحًا كَرِيمًا جَوَادًا مُمَدَّحًا، يُؤْثِرُ الْعَطَاءَ عَلَى الْمَنْعِ، وَالتَّفْرِقَةَ عَلَى الْجَمْعِ، وَقَدْ رَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ أَنَّهُ جَلَسَ يَوْمًا مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ يَنْتَظِرُونَ خُرُوجَ الْوَاثِقِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: إِنَّهُ لَيُعْجِبُنِي هَذَانَ الْبَيْتَانِ: وَلِي نَظْرَةٌ لَوْ كَانَ يُحْبِلَ نَاظِرٌ بِنَظْرَتِهِ أُنْثَى لَقَدْ حَبِلَتْ مِنِّي فَإِنْ وَلَدَتْ مَا بَيْنَ تِسْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ إِلَى نَظْرَتِي ابْنًا فَإِنَّ ابْنَهَا مِنِّي
Translation
✧ Mention of the notables who died in this year Ibrāhīm b. Khālid b. Abī al-Yamān Ibrāhīm b. Khālid b. Abī al-Yamān, Abū Thawr al-Kalbī, the jurist, follower of al-Shāfiʿī. He heard Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUlayyah, Wakīʿ, Abū Muʿāwiyah, Yazīd b. Hārūn, al-Shāfiʿī, and others. Narrated from him: Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī, Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, and others. He had inclined toward ra'y, but when al-Shāfiʿī came to Baghdad, he frequented him and abandoned the doctrine of the people of ra'y. He was among the excellent jurists, the trustworthy authorities, and he compiled books on legal rulings in which he combined ḥadīth and fiqh. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal used to praise him and say: "I have known him for the Sunnah for fifty years." When he was asked about a question, he said: "Ask the jurists; ask Abū Thawr." Abū ʿAmr Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. Suhayl said: A man whom he mentioned, one of the people of knowledge—Ibn Khallād said: I have forgotten his name—narrated to me, saying: A woman stopped at a gathering where Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn, Abū Khaythamah, and Khalaf b. Sālim were among a group discussing ḥadīth. She heard them say: "The Messenger of God ﷺ said," and "So-and-so narrated it," and "So-and-so transmitted it." She asked them about a menstruating woman washing the dead, and none of them answered her—she was a washer of the dead—and some of them looked at one another. Then Abū Thawr approached, and they said to her: "Take this man who is coming." She asked him, and he said: "Yes, she may wash the dead, based on the ḥadīth of al-Qāsim from ʿĀʾishah: 'The Messenger of God ﷺ said to her: "Indeed, your menstruation is not in your hand."' And on her saying: 'I used to part the head of the Messenger of God ﷺ with water while I was menstruating.'" Abū Thawr said: "If she parts the head of the living, then the dead is more entitled to that." They said: "Yes, so-and-so narrated it, and so-and-so transmitted it to us, and we know it from such-and-such a route," and they delved into routes and transmissions. The woman said: "Where were you until now?" Al-Muzanī said: Al-Shāfiʿī said to me: "I saw in Baghdad three marvels!" I said: "What are they?" He said: "I saw a Nabataean who spoke with such correct grammar that it was as if I were the Nabataean and he was my servant, and I saw a pure Arab who made grammatical errors until he was like a Nabataean, though he was my servant." I said: "Who is the first?" He said: "Al-Zaʿfarānī, and he is my servant." I said: "And who is the pure Arab?" He said: "Abū Thawr, and he is my servant." I said: "And the third?" He said: "I saw in Baghdad a young man with black hair and beard; when he said 'ḥaddathanā,' all the people said: 'He has spoken the truth.'" I said: "Who is he?" He said: "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal." Abū Thawr died in Ṣafar of this year in Baghdad, and was buried in the cemetery of Bāb al-Kanāʾis. ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: My father said to me: "Where were you?" I said: "At the funeral of Abū Thawr." He said: "May God have mercy on him; he was a jurist." Aḥmad b. al-Khaḍir Aḥmad b. al-Khaḍir, known as Ibn Khaḍrawayh al-Balkhī, whose kunyah is Abū Ḥāmid. He accompanied Abū Turāb [al-Nakhshabī] and Ḥātim, and traveled to Abū Yazīd and Abū Ḥafṣ. Manṣūr b. ʿAbd Allāh says: I heard Muḥammad b. Ḥāmid al-Tirmidhī say: A man said to Aḥmad b. Khaḍrawayh: "Give me counsel." He said: "Kill your self so that you may give it life." He also said: "No sleep is heavier than heedlessness, and no slavery is more overpowering than lust. Were it not for the heaviness of heedlessness, lust would not seize you." Muḥammad b. Ḥāmid says: I was sitting with Aḥmad b. Khaḍrawayh while he was in his death throes; he had reached ninety-five years. He was asked about a question, and his eyes teared up. He said: "My son, a door I have been knocking on for ninety-five years is about to be opened for me now. I do not know whether it will open to felicity or to wretchedness. The time has come for me to answer." He had debts of seven hundred dinars. His creditors were present, and he looked at them and said: "O God, You have made pledges a security for the owners of property, and You take their security on their behalf, so pay on my behalf." He said: Then someone knocked at the door and said: "Is this the house of Aḥmad b. Khaḍrawayh?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Where are his creditors?" They went out and he settled the debt, then his soul departed. Ibn Khaḍrawayh transmitted ḥadīth with chains, and he died in this year. Ismāʿīl b. ʿUbayd b. Abī Karīmah Ismāʿīl b. ʿUbayd b. Abī Karīmah, Abū Aḥmad, client of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. He was from the people of Ḥarrān. He narrated from Yazīd b. Hārūn and others, and he was trustworthy. He died in Iraq in this year. Al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsā b. Mā Sarjis Al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsā b. Mā Sarjis, Abū ʿAlī al-Naysābūrī. He was a Christian from a wealthy family, and he embraced Islam at the hands of Ibn al-Mubārak. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Māsarjisī said, narrating from his grandfather and others of his family: Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, the two sons of ʿĪsā b. Māsarjis, used to ride together, and people were amazed at their beauty and their fine attire. They agreed to embrace Islam and went to Ḥafṣ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān to become Muslims at his hands. Ḥafṣ said to them: "You are among the most distinguished Christians, and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mubārak is going out this year on pilgrimage. If you embrace Islam at his hands, that will be greater in the eyes of the Muslims and more elevating for your honor and prestige, for he is the shaykh of the people of the East and the West." So they left him. Then al-Ḥusayn b. ʿĪsā fell ill and died a Christian before Ibn al-Mubārak arrived. When he arrived, al-Ḥasan embraced Islam at his hands. When al-Ḥasan embraced Islam, he heard from Ibn al-Mubārak and traveled in pursuit of knowledge. He came to Baghdad as a pilgrim and narrated there. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, al-Bukhārī, Muslim, and Ibn Abī al-Dunyā heard from him. In his gathering at Bāb al-Ṭāq, twelve thousand inkwells were counted. He was trustworthy, devout, and pious, and his descendants in Naysābūr continued to include jurists and ḥadīth scholars. He died on his return from Makkah at al-Thaʿlabiyyah in this year. His grave is visible there, and on it is written: "And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to God and His Messenger, then death overtakes him, his reward has fallen on God. This is the grave of al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsā." He had spent three hundred thousand dirhams on that pilgrimage. Muḥammad b. Nuʿaym [al-Ḍabbī] said: I heard Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Muʾammal b. ʿĪsā—while we were in the desert on our return from visiting the grave of al-Ḥasan [b. ʿĪsā]—say: I heard Abū Yaḥyā al-Bazzāz say: I was among those who performed pilgrimage with al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsā at the time of his death at al-Thaʿlabiyyah, and he was buried there. I was occupied with guarding my litter and equipment and missed attending his funeral and praying over him, because my riding companion was absent from me, so I was deprived of praying over him. Later I saw him in a dream, and I said to him: "O Abū ʿAlī, what did your Lord do with you?" He said: "My Lord forgave me." I said: "Your Lord forgave you?" as if seeking confirmation. He said: "Yes, my Lord forgave me and everyone who prayed over me." I said: "I missed praying over you because my companion was away from the baggage." He said: "Do not grieve, for He has forgiven me [and those who prayed over me] and everyone who asked mercy for me." Suwayd b. Saʿīd b. Sahl b. Shahryār Suwayd b. Saʿīd b. Sahl b. Shahryār, Abū Muḥammad al-Harawī. He settled in al-Ḥadīthah, a few parasangs from al-Anbār. He came to Baghdad and narrated there from Mālik, Sharīk, Ibrāhīm b. Saʿd, and Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah. Al-Bāghandī and al-Baghawī narrated from him. He had lost his sight at the end of his life. Aḥmad said: "I hope he is truthful, or there is no harm in him." Yaḥyā said: "Whatever he narrates to you, write from him; but what he narrates by prompting, do not." He died in al-Ḥadīthah in Shawwāl of this year, having reached one hundred years. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Ghiyāth ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Ghiyāth, Abū Muḥammad al-Baṣrī. He heard the two Ḥammāds. Al-Baghawī narrated from him, and he was trustworthy. He died in al-Baṣrah. Qutaybah b. Saʿīd b. Jamīl b. Ṭarīf Qutaybah b. Saʿīd b. Jamīl b. Ṭarīf, Abū Rajāʾ al-Thaqafī, their client. He was from the people of Baghlān, a village among the villages of Balkh. He was born in the year 150 AH. His father said: "I saw the Messenger of God ﷺ in a dream with a scroll in his hand. I said: 'O Messenger of God, what is this scroll?' He said: 'In it are the names of the scholars.' I said: 'Hand it to me so I may look for my son's name.' I looked and found his name in it." [The compiler said:] Qutaybah is a nickname that prevailed over him, and concerning his name there are two opinions. One is Yaḥyā, as said by Abū Aḥmad b. ʿAdī al-Jurjānī. The second is ʿAlī, as said by [Abū] ʿAbd Allāh b. Mandah. Qutaybah traveled to Iraq, Makkah, al-Madīnah, Syria, and Egypt. He heard from Mālik, al-Layth, Ibn Lahīʿah, Ḥammād b. Zayd, and others. The imams narrated from him: Aḥmad, Yaḥyā, Abū Khaythamah, Abū Bakr b. Abī Shaybah, Abū Zurʿah, al-Bukhārī, and Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj. He was trustworthy, reliable, and prolific in ḥadīth. ʿIṣām b. al-ʿAlāʾ says: I heard Qutaybah [b. Saʿīd] say: Were it not for the decree that must inevitably reach him, For provision is consumed by man according to destiny, Someone like me would not have his abode in Baghlān, Nor would he pass through it except on a journey. [He died there in this year.] Muḥammad b. Abī ʿAttāb Muḥammad b. Abī ʿAttāb, Abū Bakr al-Aʿyan. The name of Abū ʿAttāb is al-Ḥasan. Thus said Muslim and Ibn Abī Ḥātim. Al-Baghawī said: The name of Abū [ʿAttāb] is Ṭarīf, and so said Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥaḍramī and Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Sarrāj. Abū Bakr narrated from Rawḥ b. ʿUbādah, Wahb b. Jarīr, Aswad b. ʿĀmir, and others. ʿAbbās al-Dūrī narrated from him, and he was trustworthy. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said: "He is not one of the people of ḥadīth—I mean that he is not among the memorizers of the defects of ḥadīth and the critics of its routes—but as for precision and truthfulness, that is not denied of him." He died in Baghdad on Tuesday, thirteen nights remaining [of Jumādā al-Ākhirah] of this year. Muḥammad b. al-Ṣabbāḥ b. Sufyān Muḥammad b. al-Ṣabbāḥ b. Sufyān, Abū Jaʿfar al-Jarjarāʾī. He narrated from Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, Hushaym b. Bashīr, and others. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said: "There is no harm in him." Ibn ʿUqdah said: "He is trustworthy." Al-Baghawī said: "He died in Jarjarāyā in this year." Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād b. Jarīr Ibn Jarīr said: In Muḥarram of this year, Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād died, twenty days after his son. This is the biography of Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād the judge He is Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād, whose name was al-Faraj, or it is said Duʿmiyy. The correct view is that his name was his kunyah—son of Jarīr the judge, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Iyādī, the Muʿtazilī. Ibn Khillikān said about his lineage: He is Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād Faraj b. Jarīr b. Mālik b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbād b. Sallām b. ʿAbd Hind b. ʿAbd Lakhm b. Mālik b. Qanaṣ b. Manaʿah b. Burjān b. Daws b. al-Duʾil b. Umayyah b. Ḥudhāqah b. Zuhr b. Iyād b. Nizār b. Maʿadd b. ʿAdnān. Al-Khaṭīb said: Ibn Abī Duʾād held the office of chief judge for al-Muʿtaṣim, then for al-Wāthiq. He was described as generous, munificent, of good character, and abounding in literary culture, except that he openly professed the doctrine of the Jahmiyyah and incited the ruler to test the people concerning the createdness of the Qurʾān. Al-Ṣūlī said: "After the Barāmikah, there was no one more generous than him. Were it not for the disgrace he brought upon himself by his love of the miḥnah, all tongues would have united in his praise." They said: He was born in the year 160 AH, and he was twenty years older than Yaḥyā b. Aktham. Ibn Khillikān said: His origin was from the land of Qinnasrīn. His father was a merchant who came to Syria, then took this son of his with him to Iraq. He occupied himself with knowledge and accompanied Hayyāj b. al-ʿAlāʾ al-Sulamī, one of the companions of Wāṣil b. ʿAṭāʾ, from whom he took Muʿtazilism. It is mentioned that he accompanied Yaḥyā b. Aktham the judge and took knowledge from him. Then Ibn Khillikān gave a long biography of him in the book "al-Wafayāt." Some poets praised him, saying: The Messenger of God and the caliphs are from us, And from us is Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād. Some poets replied to him, saying: Say to those who boast over Nizār, While they are the lords of the servants on earth: "The Messenger of God and the caliphs are from us, And we disavow the claimant of Banū Iyād. Iyād is not from us, since it acknowledged The claim of Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād." When this reached Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād, he said: "Were it not that I dislike punishment, I would punish this poet with a punishment no one has ever done." And he pardoned him. Al-Khaṭīb said, with his chain: Jarīr b. Aḥmad Abū Mālik said: "My father—meaning Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād—when he prayed, raised his hands to heaven and addressed his Lord, saying: You are not the weak cause; rather, The success of affairs is through the strength of causes. Today our need is for You; indeed, The physician is called at the hour of ailments. Then al-Khaṭīb narrated that Abū Tammām entered upon Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād one day, and he said to him: "I think you are reproaching me." He said: "Reproach is only for one person, but you are all the people." He said to him: "Where did you get this?" He said: "From the saying of Abū Nuwās: It is not impossible for God To gather the world in one person. And Abū Tammām praised him one day, saying: Indeed, the virtues of Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād have made me forget The faults of every age. I have not traveled through the horizons except With your bounty as my mount and my provision. Hope and expectations abide with you, Even if my mounts wander through the lands. He said to him: "Did you originate this meaning, or did you take it from someone else?" He said: "It is mine, except that I have borrowed from the saying of Abū Nuwās: If words one day flow in praise Of someone other than you, then you are the one we mean. Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī said: Among the selected praises of Abū Tammām for Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād is his saying: O Ahmad, the envious are many, And you have no peer when the noble are counted. You have settled in a virtuous, foremost station Of glory, and ancient pride is boastful. For every rich man or poor man, indeed, Even if he attains the sky, is poor before you. To you glory has reached its end from every direction; It comes, and it does not pass you wherever you go. And you are the full moon of Iyad—they do not deny it; Thus Iyad are full moons for mankind. You have avoided being called 'the emir' out of humility, While you are the emir of those who are called 'emir'. There is no generosity but its abode is with you, And no elevation but it travels to you. I say: the poet erred greatly in this, and went to extremes in exaggeration excessively. One day Ahmad b. Abi Duʾad said to one of them: 'Why do you not ask me?' He replied: 'Because if I asked you, I would give you the price of what you give me.' He said to him: 'You have spoken truth.' And he sent him five thousand dirhams. Ibn al-Aʿrabi said: A man asked Ibn Abi Duʾad to carry him on a caravan camel. He said: 'O boy, give him a caravan camel, a mule, a hackney, a horse, and a slave girl.' Then he said to him: 'If I knew of any other mount besides these, I would give it to you.' Then al-Khatib cited with his chains of transmission from a group of people reports indicating his generosity, eloquence, refinement, forbearance, his hastening to fulfill needs, and his great standing with the caliphs. It is mentioned from Muhammad al-Muhtadi b. al-Wathiq that one day an old man entered upon al-Wathiq and greeted him, but al-Wathiq did not return the greeting; rather he said: 'May God not grant you peace.' The old man said: 'O Commander of the Faithful, evil is what your teacher taught you. God Almighty said: "And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet with one better than it or return it" [al-Nisaʾ: 86]. You neither greeted me with one better than it nor returned it.' Ibn Abi Duʾad said: 'O Commander of the Faithful, the man is a theologian.' He said: 'Debate with him.' Ibn Abi Duʾad said: 'What do you say, O old man, concerning the Qurʾan—is it created?' The old man said: 'You have not been fair to me; the question is mine.' He said: 'Speak.' He said: 'This which you say—did the Messenger of God ﷺ, Abu Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthman, and ʿAli know it or did they not know it?' He said: 'They did not know it.' He said: 'So you knew what they did not know?' He was embarrassed and fell silent. Then he said: 'Spare me; rather, they knew it.' He said: 'Then why did they not summon the people to it as you have summoned them? Did not what sufficed them suffice you?' Ibn Abi Duʾad fell silent, and al-Wathiq ordered a gift of about four hundred dinars for him. Al-Muhtadi said: 'My father entered the house, lay on his back, and began repeating the old man's words to himself, saying: "Did not what sufficed them suffice you?" Then he ordered the old man to be released, gave him four hundred dinars, and returned him to his land. Ibn Abi Duʾad fell from his eyes, and he did not subject anyone to the inquisition after that.' Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi narrated this in his History with a chain containing some whom I do not know, and he related it at length, and there is something objectionable in it. Thaʿlab recited on the authority of Abu Hajjaj al-Aʿrabi that he said concerning Ibn Abi Duʾad: You turned the religion upside down, O son of Abi Duʾad, So whoever obeyed you became an apostate. You claimed the speech of your Lord was created; Have you no return to your Lord? The speech of God—He sent it down with knowledge, And sent it down upon the best of servants. Whoever comes to your door as a guest Is like one who halts in the desert without provisions. You have brought something novel, O son of Abi Duʾad, By your saying, "I am a man of Iyad." Then al-Khatib said: with his chain from Muhammad b. Yahya al-Suli, from one of them, satirizing Ibn Abi Duʾad: If you were in opinion attributed to right guidance, And your resolve were a resolve in which there is success, There would be enough occupation in jurisprudence, if you were content with it, To keep you from saying that the Book of God is created. What would it harm you, while the root of religion unites them, What pertains to the branch, not to ignorance and folly? These verses have been mentioned before. Al-Khatib narrated from Yahya al-Jallaʾ or ʿAli b. al-Muwaffaq that he said: A man of the Waqifiyya debated with me concerning the creation of the Qurʾan, and I suffered from him what I disliked. When evening came, I went to my wife, and she placed supper before me, but I could not eat any of it. I slept and saw the Messenger of God ﷺ in the congregational mosque. There was a circle containing Ahmad b. Hanbal and his companions, and a circle containing Ibn Abi Duʾad and his companions. The Messenger of God ﷺ began reciting this verse: "If these disbelieve in it" [al-Anʿam: 89], pointing to the circle of Ibn Abi Duʾad, "then We have entrusted it to a people who are not disbelievers in it" [al-Anʿam: 89], pointing to the circle of Ahmad b. Hanbal and his companions, may God have mercy on them. One of them said: I saw in a dream on the night Ibn Abi Duʾad died as if a speaker was saying: 'Tonight Ahmad b. Abi Duʾad has perished.' I said to him: 'What is the cause of his perdition?' He said: 'He angered God against him, so He became angry with him from above seven heavens.' Another said: 'I saw that night as if the Fire roared a great roar, and flames came out of it. I said: "What is this?" It was said: "This has been prepared for Ibn Abi Duʾad."' His death was on Saturday, seven nights remaining of Muharram of this year [240 AH]. His son al-ʿAbbas prayed over him, and he was buried in his house in Baghdad. His age that day was eighty years. God afflicted him with hemiplegia four years before his death, and he remained bedridden, unable to move any part of his body. Someone entered upon him and said: 'By God, I have not come to visit you in illness; I came only to praise God that He imprisoned you in your body.' He had been fined in the previous year with very substantial sums, as was explained earlier. Ibn Khallikan said: His birth was in the year 160 AH. I say: According to this, he would be older than Ahmad b. Hanbal and older than Yahya b. Aktham, whom Ibn Khallikan mentioned as the cause of Ibn Abi Duʾad's connection to the caliph al-Maʾmun, with whom he gained favor such that he commended him to his brother al-Muʿtasim. Al-Muʿtasim appointed him to the judiciary and dismissed Ibn Aktham. He would not decide any matter without him, and he was his intimate favorite; he appointed him to the judiciary and the court of grievances. The vizier Ibn al-Zayyat hated him, and rivalries and satires occurred between them, as mentioned earlier. Ibn Khallikan was excessive in his biography and praise of him, and he mentioned his virtues and merits at length, abundantly, and how excellent, but he did not mention any of his faults; rather, he mentioned his inquisition of Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal in a brief mention with fingertips, which is the trial that is the root of subsequent trials and the sedition that opened the door of seditions for the people. Then Ibn Khallikan mentioned the hemiplegia with which he was struck and the profitable wealth with which he was fined, and that his son Abu al-Walid Muhammad was fined one million dinars, and that he died a month before his father. As for al-Hafiz Ibn ʿAsakir, he expounded at length on his biography and explained it in a fine manner. The man was indeed a man of letters, eloquent, generous, munificent, and praiseworthy, preferring giving to withholding and distribution to accumulation. Ibn ʿAsakir narrated with his chain that one day he sat with his companions waiting for al-Wathiq to come out. Ibn Abi Duʾad said: 'I am pleased by these two verses:' I have a glance; if a gazer could make a female pregnant By his glance, she would have become pregnant from me. If she gave birth, between nine months And my glance, to a son, then her son is from me.
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