Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3345
The Year 237 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ وُثُوبِ أَهْلِ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ بِعَامِلِهِمْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَثَبَ أَهْلُ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ بِعَامِلِهَا يُوسُفَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَتَلُوهُ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ يُوسُفَ لَمَّا سَارَ إِلَى أَرْمِينِيَّةَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ بِطْرِيقٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ بِقْرَاطُ بْنُ أَشُوطَ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ بِطْرِيقُ الْبَطَارِقَةِ، يَطْلُبُ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَخَذَهُ يُوسُفُ وَابْنَهُ نِعْمَةً، فَسَيَّرَهُمَا إِلَى بَابِ الْخَلِيفَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ بِطَارِقَةُ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ مَعَ ابْنِ أَخِي ابْنِ بِقْرَاطَ بْنِ أَشُوطَ، وَتَحَالَفُوا عَلَى قَتْلِ يُوسُفَ، وَوَافَقَهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مُوسَى بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، وَهُوَ صِهْرُ بِقْرَاطَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ، فَأَتَى الْخَبَرُ يُوسُفَ، وَنَهَاهُ أَصْحَابُهُ عَنِ الْمُقَامِ بِمَكَانِهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الشِّتَاءُ، وَنَزَلَ الثَّلْجُ، مَكَثُوا حَتَّى سَكَنَ الثَّلْجُ، ثُمَّ أَتَوْهُ وَهُوَ بِمَدِينَةِ طَرُونَ، فَحَصَرُوهُ بِهَا، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَكُلُّ مَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ مَعَهُ فَقَالُوا لَهُ: انْزِعْ ثِيَابَكَ، وَانْجُ بِنَفْسِكَ عُرْيَانًا، فَفَعَلُوا، وَمَشَوْا حُفَاةً عُرَاةً، فَهَلَكَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ، وَسَقَطَتْ أَصَابِعُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَنَجَوْا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ. وَكَانَ يُوسُفُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ قَدْ فَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي رَسَاتِيقِ عَمَلِهِ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَى كُلِّ طَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةً مِنَ الْبَطَارِقَةِ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ خَبَرُهُ وَجَّهَ بُغَا الْكَبِيرَ إِلَيْهِمْ، طَالِبًا لِدَمِ يُوسُفَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى الْمَوْصِلِ وَالْجَزِيرَةِ، فَبَدَأَ بِأَرْزَنَ، وَبِهَا مُوسَى بْنُ زَرَارَةَ، وَلَهُ إِخْوَةٌ: إِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ، وَأَحْمَدُ، وَعِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدٌ، وَهَارُونُ، فَحَمَلَ بُغَا مُوسَى بْنَ زُرَارَةَ إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، وَأَبَاحَ قَتَلَةُ يُوسُفَ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ زُهَاءَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَسَبَى مِنْهُمْ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، فَبَاعَهُمْ وَسَارَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْبَاقِ، فَأَسَرَ أَشُوطَ بْنَ حَمْزَةَ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، صَاحِبَ الْبَاقِ، وَالْبَاقُ مِنْ كُورَةِ الْبُسْفُرُّجَانِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ دَبِيلَ مِنْ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ فَأَقَامَ بِهَا شَهْرًا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى تَفْلِيسَ فَحَصَرَهَا. ذِكْرُ غَضَبِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَلَى ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادَ وَوِلَايَةِ ابْنِ أَكْثَمَ الْقَضَاءَ وَفِيهَا غَضِبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادَ، وَقَبَضَ ضِيَاعَهُ وَأَمْلَاكَهُ، وَحَبَسَ ابْنَهُ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ، وَسَائِرَ أَوْلَادِهِ، فَحَمَلَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَجَوَاهِرَ قِيمَتُهَا عِشْرُونَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، ثُمَّ صُولِحَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَمِيعًا بِبَيْعِ أَمْلَاكِهِمْ. وَكَانَ أَبُوهُمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادَ قَدْ فُلِجَ، وَأَحْضَرَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَكْثَمَ مِنْ بَغْدَادَ إِلَى سَامَرَّا، وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ، وَوَلَّاهُ قَضَاءَ الْقُضَاةِ، ثُمَّ وَلَّاهُ الْمَظَالِمَ، فَوَلَّى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَكْثَمَ قَضَاءَ الشَّرْقِيَّةَ حَيَّانَ بْنَ بِشْرٍ، وَوَلَّى سَوَّارَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَنْبَرِيَّ قَضَاءَ الْجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ، وَكِلَاهُمَا أَعْوَرُ، فَقَالَ الْجَمَّازُ: رَأَيْتُ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ قَاضِيَيْنِ هَمَا أُحْدُوثَةٌ فِي الْخَافِقَيْنِ هُمَا اقْتَسَمَا الْعَمَى نِصْفَيْنِ قَدًّا كَمَا اقْتَسَمَا قَضَاءَ الْجَانِبَيْنِ وَتَحْسِبُ مِنْهُمَا مَنْ هَزَّ رَأْسًا لِيَنْظُرَ فِي مَوَارِيثَ وَدَيْنِ كَأَنَّكَ قَدْ وَضَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ دَنًّا وَفَتَحْتَ بُزَالَهُ مِنْ فَرْدِ عَيْنِ هُمَا فَأْلُ الزَّمَانِ بِهُلْكِ يَحْيَى إِذِ افْتَتَحَ الْقَضَاءَ بِأَعْوَرَيْنِ ذِكْرُ وِلَايَةِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ صِقِلِّيَّةَ وَمَا فَتَحَ فِيهَا قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَمِيرَ صِقِلِّيَّةَ، ( تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ )، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ اجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِهَا عَلَى وِلَايَةِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، فَوَلَّوْهُ أَمْرَهُمْ، فَكَتَبُوا بِذَلِكَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَغْلَبِ أَمِيرِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عَهْدًا ( بِوِلَايَتِهِ، فَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ إِلَى أَنْ وَصَلَ عَهْدَهُ يُغِيرُ، وَيُرْسِلُ السَّرَايَا، وَتَأْتِيهِ الْغَنَائِمُ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ إِلَيْهِ عَهْدَهُ بِوِلَايَتِهِ خَرَجَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ عَمُّهُ رَبَاحٌ، فَأُرْسِلَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ إِلَى قَلْعَةِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ، فَغَنِمَ، وَأُسِرَ، وَعَادَ، فَقَتَلَ الْأَسْرَى، وَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ قَصْرُيَانَه، فَنَهَبَ، وَأَحْرَقَ، وَخَرَّبَ; لِيَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِ الْبِطْرِيقُ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَعَادَ الْعَبَّاسُ. وَفِي ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ خَرَجَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ قَصْرُيَانَه وَمَعَهُ جَمْعٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَغَنِمَ، وَخَرَّبَ وَأَتَى قَطَّانَةَ، وَسَرْقُوسَةَ، وَنُوطُسَ، وَرَغُوسَ، فَغَنِمَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ هَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ، وَخَرَّبَ وَأَحْرَقَ، وَنَزَلَ عَلَى بُثَيْرَةَ، وَحَصَرَهَا خَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، فَصَالَحَهُ أَهْلُهَا عَلَى خَمْسَةِ آلَافِ رَأْسٍ. وَفِي سَنَةِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَارَ الْعَبَّاسُ فِي جَيْشٍ كَثِيفٍ، فَفَتَحَ حُصُونًا خَمْسَةً. وَفِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَارَ إِلَى قَصْرُيَانَه، فَخَرَجَ أَهْلُهَا، فَلَقُوهُ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَقَتَلَ فِيهِمْ، فَأَكْثَرَ، وَقَصَدَ سَرْقُوسَةَ وَطَبْرَمِينَ وَغَيْرَهُمَا، فَنَهَبَ، وَخَرَّبَ، وَأَحْرَقَ، وَنَزَلَ عَلَى الْقَصْرِ الْجَدِيدِ وَحَصَرَهُ، وَضَيَّقَ عَلَى مَنْ بِهِ مِنَ الرُّومِ، فَبَذَلُوا لَهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَطَالَ الْحَصْرَ، فَسَلَّمُوا إِلَيْهِ الْحِصْنَ عَلَى شَرْطِ أَنْ يُطْلِقَ مِائَتَيْ نَفْسٍ، فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَمَلَكَهُ، وَبَاعَ كُلَّ مَنْ فِيهِ سِوَى مِائَتَيْ نَفْسٍ، وَهَدَمَ الْحِصْنَ. ذِكْرُ ابْتِدَاءِ أَمْرِ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ وَفِيهَا تَغَلَّبَ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بُسْتَ، اسْمُهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ النَّضِرِ الْكِنَانِيُّ، عَلَى سَجِسْتَانَ، وَمَعَهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ، فَعَادَ طَاهِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ أَمِيرُ خُرَاسَانَ وَاسْتَنْقَذَهَا مِنْ يَدِهِ. ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ بِهَا إِنْسَانٌ اسْمُهُ دِرْهَمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، مِنَ الْمُتَطَوِّعَةِ، فَتَغَلَّبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَكَانَ غَيْرَ ضَابِطٍ لِعَسْكَرِهِ، وَكَانَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ هُوَ قَائِدَ عَسْكَرِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَصْحَابُ دِرْهَمَ ضَعْفَهُ، وَعَجْزَهُ، اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ، وَمَلَّكُوهُ أَمْرَهُمْ، لِمَا رَأَوْا مِنْ تَدْبِيرِهِ، وَحُسْنِ سِيَاسَتِهِ، وَقِيَامِهِ بِأُمُورِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ لِدِرْهَمٍ لَمْ يُنَازِعْهُ فِي الْأَمْرِ، وَسَلَّمَهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَاعْتَزَلَ عَنْهُ، فَاسْتَبَدَّ يَعْقُوبُ بِالْأَمْرِ، وَضَبَطَ الْبِلَادَ، وَقَوِيَتْ شَوْكَتُهُ وَقَصَدَتْهُ الْعَسَاكِرُ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. ذِكْرُ عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَلِيَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بَغْدَادَ وَمَعَاوِنَ السَّوَادِ . وَفِيهَا قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، فَوَلِيَ الْجِزْيَةَ، وَالشُّرْطَةَ، وَخِلَافَةَ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ بِبَغْدَاذَ، وَأَعْمَالَ السَّوَادِ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا. وَفِيهَا أَمَرَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ بِإِنْزَالِ جُثَّةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، وَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَوْلِيَائِهِ، فَحُمِلَ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ، وَضُمَّ رَأَسُهُ إِلَى بَدَنِهِ، وَغُسِّلَ، وَكُفِّنَ، وَدُفِنَ، وَاجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَامَّةِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى يَتَمَسَّحُونَ بِهِ. وَكَانَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ لَمَّا وُلِّيَ نَهَى عَنِ الْجِدَالِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْآفَاقِ بِذَلِكَ. وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِيهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمَنْصُورِ وَكَانَ وَالِيَ مَكَّةَ. وَفِيهَا قَامَ رَجُلٌ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ بِنَاحِيَةِ الثُّغُورِ وَادَّعَى النُّبُوَّةَ، وَتَأَوَّلَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى غَيْرِ تَأْوِيلِهِ، فَتَبِعَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْغَوْغَاءِ، فَكَانَ مِنْ شَرَائِعِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْهَى عَنْ قَصِّ الشَّعْرِ وَتَقْلِيمِ الْأَظْفَارِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَامِلُ ذَلِكَ الْبَلَدِ، فَأُتِيَ بِهِ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا خَاطَبَهُ بِهِ أَنْ دَعَاهُ إِلَى اتِّبَاعِهِ، فَأَمَرَهُ الْعَامِلُ بِالتَّوْبَةِ، فَامْتَنَعَ، فَصَلَبَهُ. وَفِيهَا سَارَتْ جُيُوشُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقْعَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ كَانَ الظَّفَرُ فِيهَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهِيَ الْوَقْعَةُ الْمَعْرُوفَةُ بِوَقْعَةِ الْبَيْضَاءِ، وَمَشْهُورَةٌ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ. وَفِيهَا: طَلَبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ مِنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ الْمَجِيءَ إِلَيْهِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ بِهِ، بَلْ دَخَلَ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ الْمُعْتَزِّ. [إِهَانَةُ قَاضِي مِصْرَ وَحَلْقُ لِحْيَتِهِ ] وَفِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ: بَعَثَ إِلَى نَائِبِ مِصْرَ أَنْ يَحْلِقَ لِحْيَةَ قَاضِي الْقُضَاةِ بِمِصْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي اللَّيْثِ، وَأَنْ يَضْرِبَهُ وَيَطُوفَ بِهِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ، فَفَعَلَ وَنِعْمَ مَا فَعَلَ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَالِمًا مِنْ رُءُوسِ الْجَهْمِيَّةِ، وَوَلِيَ الْقَضَاءَ بَدَلَهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مِسْكِينٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ بَعْدَ تَمَنُّعٍ، وَأَهَانَ الْقَاضِيَ الْمَعْزُولَ بِضَرْبِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عِشْرِينَ سَوْطًا; لِيَرُدَّ الْمَظَالِمَ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا. [كِتَابُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ بِتَخْلِيَةِ كُلِّ مَنْ كَانَ حَبَسَهُ الْوَاثِقُ فِي خَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ ] وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ: قُرِئَ كِتَابُ [الْمُتَوَكِّلِ ] بِتَخْلِيَةِ كُلِّ مَنْ كَانَ حَبَسَهُ الْوَاثِقُ فِي خَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ وَالْكُورِ. [طُلُوعُ شَيْءٍ مُسْتَطِيلٍ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَغْرِبِ ] وَفِيهَا: طَلَعَ شَيْءٌ مُسْتَطِيلٌ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْمَغْرِبِ دَقِيقُ الطَّرَفَيْنِ، عَرِيضُ الْوَسَطِ، مِنْ بَعْدِ وَقْتِ الْمَغْرِبِ إِلَى وَقْتِ الْعَشَاءِ، لَيْسَ بِكَوْكَبِ الذَّنَبِ، وَلَا بِضَوْءِ كَوْكَبٍ أَبْيَضَ، أَفَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَطَّلِعُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ خَمْسَ لَيَالٍ. [ظُهُورُ نَارٍ فِي بَعْضِ كُورِ عَسْقَلَانَ ] وَفِيهَا: ظَهَرَتْ نَارٌ فِي بَعْضِ كُورِ عَسْقَلَانَ تُحْرِقُ الْمَنَازِلَ وَالْمَسَاجِدَ وَالْبَيَادِرَ، فَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تُحْرِقُ حَتَّى مَضَى ثُلْثُ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ كَفَّتْ. وَفِيهَا: سَقَطَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ بَرْدٌ كِبَارٌ، فَكَسَرَ ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ نَخْلَةٍ. [اكْتِمَالُ بِنَاءِ جَامِعِ سَامُرَّاءَ ] وَفِيهَا: كَمُلَ بِنَاءُ جَامِعِ سَامُرَّاءَ، [كَانَ ] وَقَدِ ابْتُدِئَ فِي بِنَائِهِ فِي سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَفَرَغَ مِنْهُ وَصَلَّى فِيهِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ فِي رَمَضَانِ سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَبَلَغَتِ النَّفَقَةُ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ وَاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دِينَارًا وَرُبْعَ وَسُدْسَ دِينَارٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ فِيهِ آجُرَّ النَّجَفِ وَأَنْقَاضَهُ مِنَ السُّقُوفِ وَالْأَبْوَابِ وَغَيْرِهَا، وَنُقُوضَ حُمِلَتْ مِنْ بَغْدَادَ، وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ النَّفَقَةُ عَلَى الْبَنَّائِينَ وَالنَّجَّارِينَ وَالصُّنَّاعِ، وَمَا شَاكَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَحَمَلَتِ الْقَصْعَةَ وَالْحِجَارَةَ الَّتِي فِي الْفَوَّارَةِ مِنْ بَابِ الْحُرَّةِ فِي الْهَارُونِي عَلَى عَجَلٍ، وَمَرَّ بِهَا الْفِيَلَةُ [الثَّلَاثَةُ ] الَّتِي كَانَتْ لِلْمُتَوَكِّلِ، وَأُنْفِقَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ فِي حُمُولَتِهَا إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلَتِ الْمَسْجِدَ أَلْفٌ وَخَمْسُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَلَوْلَا الْفِيَلَةُ لَأَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا ضِعْفَ ذَلِكَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ الطَّوَابِيقَ الزُّجَاجَ الَّتِي فِي الْمَقْصُورَةِ، وَهِيَ أَلْفَانِ وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ طَابَقٍ بِأَلْفَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَنْفَقَ [الْمُتَوَكِّلُ ] عَلَى الْأَطْوَاقِ السِّتَّةِ الَّتِي جَعَلَتْ زِيجَاتٍ لَهَا أَلْفَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ. وَأَنْفَقَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى الْقَصْرِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِالْعَرُوسِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ. وَأَنْفَقَ عَلَى مَوَاضِعَ سِوَى [النَّفَقَةِ عَلَى ] الْمَدِينَةِ الْمَعْرُوفَةِ بِالْمُتَوَكِّلِيَّةِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ وَاثْنَيْنِ وَثَمَانِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ.
Translation
✧ Then the year 237 AH began. Account of the uprising of the people of Armenia against their governor In this year, the people of Armenia rose up against their governor, Yūsuf b. Muḥammad, and killed him. The reason for that was that when Yūsuf marched to Armenia, a patrician named Biqrāṭ b. Ashūṭ, also called the Patrician of the Patricians, came out to him seeking safe-conduct. Yūsuf seized him and his son Niʿmah, and sent them both to the caliph's court. The patricians of Armenia gathered together with the nephew of Ibn Biqrāṭ b. Ashūṭ, and they swore oaths to kill Yūsuf. Mūsā b. Zurārah, who was Biqrāṭ's son-in-law through his daughter, agreed with them in that. News of this reached Yūsuf, and his companions advised him not to remain where he was, but he did not accept. When winter came and snow fell, they waited until the snow settled, then they came to him while he was in the city of Ṭarūn and besieged him there. He came out of the city to fight them, and they killed him and everyone who fought with him. As for those who did not fight with him, they said to them: "Take off your clothes and save yourself naked." They did so and walked barefoot and naked, and most of them perished from the cold. Many of them lost their fingers, but they survived. This took place in Ramaḍān. Before that, Yūsuf had dispersed his companions throughout the rural districts of his province. He sent against each group of them a party of patricians, and they killed them all in a single day. When news of this reached al-Mutawakkil, he dispatched Bughā the Elder against them, seeking vengeance for Yūsuf's blood. He marched against them by way of Mosul and the Jazīrah. He began with Arzan, where Mūsā b. Zurārah was, along with his brothers Ismāʿīl, Sulaymān, Aḥmad, ʿĪsā, Muḥammad, and Hārūn. Bughā carried Mūsā b. Zurārah off to al-Mutawakkil and gave the killers of Yūsuf over to slaughter. He killed about thirty thousand of them and took many captives, whom he sold. Then he marched to the land of al-Bāq and captured Ashūṭ b. Ḥamzah, father of al-ʿAbbās, the ruler of al-Bāq—and al-Bāq is in the province of al-Busfurrujān. Then he marched to the city of Dabīl in Armenia and stayed there a month. Then he marched to Tiflīs and besieged it. Account of al-Mutawakkil's anger at Ibn Abī Duʾād and the appointment of Ibn Aktham to the judiciary In this year, al-Mutawakkil became angry with Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād, seized his estates and properties, and imprisoned his son Abū al-Walīd and the rest of his children. Abū al-Walīd then paid one hundred twenty thousand dinars plus jewels worth twenty thousand dinars. After that, a settlement was reached for sixteen million dirhams, and they were all made to witness the sale of their properties. Their father Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād had suffered a stroke. Al-Mutawakkil brought Yaḥyā b. Aktham from Baghdad to Sāmarrā, was pleased with him, and appointed him chief judge. Then he also appointed him to the maẓālim court. Yaḥyā b. Aktham appointed Ḥayyān b. Bishr as judge of the eastern side and Sawwār b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAnbarī as judge of the western side. Both of them were one-eyed. Al-Jammāz said: I have seen, among the great calamities, two judges Who are a byword in the east and west They divided blindness between themselves in two halves, exactly, Just as they divided the judiciary of the two sides You would think, when one of them shakes his head To look into inheritances and debts, That you had placed a wine-jar on him And opened its spigot from his single eye They are the omen of the age for the ruin of Yaḥyā, Since he inaugurated the judiciary with two one-eyed men. Account of the governorship of al-ʿAbbās b. al-Faḍl over Sicily and what he conquered there We have already mentioned in the year 228 AH that Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, the emir of Sicily, died in the year 236 AH. When he died, the Muslims there agreed upon the appointment of al-ʿAbbās b. al-Faḍl b. Yaʿqūb and made him their ruler. They wrote about that to Muḥammad b. al-Aghlab, the emir of Ifrīqiyah, and he sent him a diploma of appointment. Until his diploma arrived, al-ʿAbbās continued raiding and sending out expeditions, and spoils kept coming to him. When his diploma of appointment reached him, he set out in person with his uncle Rabāḥ in command of his vanguard. He sent an expedition against the fortress of Abū Thawr, and it took booty and captives and returned. He killed the captives and headed for the city of Qaṣryānah, where he plundered, burned, and laid waste, in order to draw out the patrician. But the patrician did not come out, so al-ʿAbbās returned. In 238 AH, he set out and reached Qaṣryānah with a huge army. He took booty and laid waste, then came to Qaṭṭānah, Saraqūsah, Nūṭus, and Raghūs, taking booty from all these places, destroying and burning. He camped at Buthayrah and besieged it for five months; its people made peace with him for five thousand head [of captives]. In 242 AH, al-ʿAbbās marched with a dense army and conquered five fortresses. In 243 AH, he marched to Qaṣryānah. Its people came out and met him; he routed them and killed many among them. Then he headed for Saraqūsah, Ṭabarmīn, and others, plundering, destroying, and burning. He camped at al-Qaṣr al-Jadīd and besieged it, pressing hard on the Byzantines inside. They offered him fifteen thousand dinars, but he refused. He prolonged the siege, and they surrendered the fortress to him on condition that he release two hundred persons. He agreed to that and took possession of it. He sold everyone in it except two hundred persons and demolished the fortress. Account of the beginning of the affair of Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth In this year, a man from the people of Bust named Ṣāliḥ b. al-Naḍr al-Kinānī seized control of Sijistān, and with him was Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth. Then Ṭāhir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir, emir of Khurāsān, came back and recovered it from his hand. Then a man named Dirham b. al-Ḥusayn, one of the volunteers, appeared there and seized control of it. He was not firm in controlling his army, and Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth was the commander of his army. When Dirham's followers saw his weakness and incapacity, they rallied around Yaʿqūb b. al-Layth and made him their ruler, because they saw his judgment, good policy, and his care for their affairs. When that became clear to Dirham, he did not dispute the matter with him, but handed it over to him and withdrew from him. Yaʿqūb then took sole control, held the regions firmly, and his power grew strong. Armies came to him from every direction. We shall mention what happened to him, God Almighty willing. Account of several events In this year, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm was appointed over Baghdad and the districts of the Sawād. In this year, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir arrived from Khurāsān in Rabīʿ al-Awwal and was appointed over the land tax, the police, and as al-Mutawakkil's deputy in Baghdad and the districts of the Sawād. He resided there. In this year, al-Mutawakkil ordered the body of Aḥmad b. Naṣr al-Khuzāʿī to be taken down and handed over to his family. It was carried to Baghdad, his head was joined to his body, and he was washed, shrouded, and buried. A countless number of the common people gathered around him, seeking blessings by touching him. When al-Mutawakkil came to power, he forbade disputation about the Qurʾān and other matters, and wrote to the provinces about that. The people performed the pilgrimage in this year under ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā b. Jaʿfar b. al-Manṣūr, who was governor of Makkah. In this year, a man in al-Andalus in the frontier region arose and claimed prophethood, interpreting the Qurʾān contrary to its true interpretation. A group of the rabble followed him. One of his laws was that he forbade cutting hair and trimming nails. The governor of that town sent for him, and he was brought. The first thing the man said to him was to call him to follow him. The governor ordered him to repent, but he refused, so he crucified him. In this year, the armies of the Muslims marched to the lands of the polytheists. A great battle took place between them in which victory belonged to the Muslims. This is the battle known as the Battle of al-Bayḍāʾ, famous in al-Andalus. In this year, al-Mutawakkil asked Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal to come to him. He set out to him but did not meet him personally; rather, he went in to his son al-Muʿtazz. [The humiliation of the judge of Egypt and the shaving of his beard] In the year 237 AH, he sent to the governor of Egypt ordering him to shave the beard of the chief judge of Egypt, Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Abī al-Layth, to beat him, and to parade him around on a donkey. He did so, and excellent was what he did, for he was an oppressor and one of the leaders of the Jahmiyyah. Al-Ḥārith b. Miskīn, one of the followers of Mālik, was appointed to the judiciary in his place after initially refusing. He humiliated the deposed judge by having him beaten with twenty lashes every day so that he would return the properties he had wrongfully taken to their owners. [Al-Mutawakkil's letter ordering the release of everyone imprisoned by al-Wāthiq over the createdness of the Qurʾān] In this year, al-Mutawakkil's letter was read out ordering the release of everyone whom al-Wāthiq had imprisoned over the createdness of the Qurʾān in the garrison cities and provinces. [Appearance of an elongated object from the direction of the west] In this year, an elongated object appeared from the direction of the west, thin at both ends and wide in the middle, from after sunset until the time of the evening prayer. It was not a comet, nor the white light of a star. It appeared at that time for five nights. [Appearance of a fire in some districts of ʿAsqalān] In this year, a fire appeared in some districts of ʿAsqalān, burning houses, mosques, and threshing floors. People fled. It kept burning until a third of the night had passed, then it subsided. In this year, large hail fell in al-Baṣrah and broke eight thousand palm trees. [Completion of the building of the Great Mosque of Sāmarrā] In this year, the building of the Great Mosque of Sāmarrā was completed. Its construction had begun in the year 234 AH. It was finished, and al-Mutawakkil prayed in it in Ramaḍān of the year 237 AH. The expenditure on it amounted to three hundred eight thousand two hundred twelve and a quarter and a sixth dinars. He used bricks from al-Najaf and its debris from roofs, doors, and other things, as well as debris brought from Baghdad. This expenditure was only for the builders, carpenters, craftsmen, and the like. The great bowl and the stones in the fountain were carried from Bāb al-Ḥurrah in al-Hārūnī on carts, and the three elephants that belonged to al-Mutawakkil passed by them. The expenditure on their transport until they entered the mosque amounted to one thousand five hundred dinars. Had it not been for the elephants, the cost would have been double that. He used the glass panels in the maqṣūrah, which numbered two thousand four hundred panels, at a cost of two thousand four hundred dinars. Al-Mutawakkil spent on the six collars that were made into rims two thousand four hundred dinars. Al-Mutawakkil spent on the palace known as al-ʿArūs thirty thousand dirhams. He spent on places other than the city known as al-Mutawakkiliyyah one hundred eighty-two million dirhams.
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