Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3343
The Year 236 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سِتٍّ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ مَقْتَلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ أَخُو إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ إِسْحَاقَ أَرْسَلَ وَلَدَهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَى بَابِ الْخَلِيفَةِ; لِيَكُونَ نَائِبًا عَنْهُ بِبَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ إِسْحَاقُ عَقَدَ الْمُعْتَزُّ لِابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَلَى فَارِسٍ، وَعَقَدَ لَهُ الْمُنْتَصِرُ عَلَى الْيَمَامَةِ وَالْبَحْرَيْنِ ( وَطَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ ) فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ أَعْمَالَ أَبِيهِ كُلَّهَا، وَحَمَلَ إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ وَأَوْلَادِهِ مِنَ الْجَوَاهِرِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ لِأَبِيهِ، وَالْأَشْيَاءِ النَّفِيسَةِ كَثِيرًا. وَكَانَ عَمُّهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَى فَارِسٍ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ مَا صَنَعَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ وَأَوْلَادُهُ بِابْنِ أَخِيهِ سَاءَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَتَنَكَّرَ لِلْخَلِيفَةِ وَلِابْنِ أَخِيهِ، فَشَكَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، فَأَطْلَقَهُ فِي عَمِّهِ لِيَفْعَلَ بِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ، فَعَزَلَهُ عَنْ فَارِسٍ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ مَكَانَهُ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِقَتْلِ عَمِّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ. فَلَمَّا سَارَ الْحُسَيْنُ إِلَى فَارِسٍ أَهْدَى إِلَى عَمِّهِ يَوْمَ النَّيْرُوزِ هَدَايَا، وَفِيهَا حَلْوَى فَأَكَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ مِنْهَا، وَأَدْخَلَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بَيْتًا، وَوَكَّلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَطَلَبَ الْمَاءَ لِيَشْرَبَ، فَمُنِعَ مِنْهُ، فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ يَوْمَيْنِ. ذِكْرُ مَا فَعَلَهُ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ بِمَشْهَدِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَمَرَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ بِهَدْمِ قَبْرِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَهَدْمِ مَا حَوْلَهُ مِنَ الْمَنَازِلِ وَالدُّورِ، وَأَنْ يُبْذَرَ وَيُسْقَى قَبْرُهُ، وَأَنْ يُمْنَعَ النَّاسُ مِنْ إِتْيَانِهِ، فَنَادَى [ عَامِلُ صَاحِبِ الشُّرْطَةِ ] بِالنَّاسِ فِي تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةِ: مَنْ وَجَدْنَاهُ عِنْدَ قَبْرِهِ، بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةٍ، حَبَسْنَاهُ فِي الْمُطْبِقِ ! فَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ، وَتَرَكُوا زِيَارَتَهُ، وَحُرِثَ، وَزُرِعَ. وَكَانَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ شَدِيدَ الْبُغْضِ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَلِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَكَانَ يَقْصِدُ مَنْ يَبْلُغُهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ يَتَوَلَّى عَلِيًّا وَأَهْلَهُ بِأَخْذِ الْمَالِ وَالدَّمِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ نُدَمَائِهِ عُبَادَةُ الْمُخَنَّثُ، وَكَانَ يَشُدُّ عَلَى بَطْنِهِ، تَحْتَ ثِيَابِهِ، مِخَدَّةً، وَيَكْشِفُ رَأْسَهُ، وَهُوَ أَصْلَعُ، وَيَرْقُصُ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، وَالْمُغْنُونَ يُغَنُّونَ: قَدْ أَقْبَلَ الْأَصْلَعُ الْبَطِينُ، خَلِيفَةُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يَحْكِي بِذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَالْمُتَوَكِّلُ يَشْرَبُ، وَيَضْحَكُ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمًا، وَالْمُنْتَصِرُ حَاضِرٌ، فَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى عُبَادَةَ يَتَهَدَّدُهُ، فَسَكَتَ خَوْفًا مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ: مَا حَالُكَ ؟ فَقَامَ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ الْمُنْتَصِرُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ الَّذِي يَحْكِيهِ هَذَا الْكَاتِبُ، وَيَضْحَكُ مِنْهُ النَّاسُ، هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ، وَشَيْخُ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ، وَبِهِ فَخْرُكَ، فَكُلْ أَنْتَ لَحْمَهُ، إِذَا شِئْتَ، وَلَا تُطْعِمْ هَذَا الْكَلْبَ وَأَمْثَالَهُ مِنْهُ ! فَقَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ لِلْمُغَنِّينَ: غَنُّوا جَمِيعًا: غَارَ الْفَتَى لِابْنِ عَمِّهْ رَأْسُ الْفَتَى فِي حِرِ أُمِّهِ فَكَانَ هَذَا مِنَ الْأَسْبَابِ الَّتِي اسْتَحَلَّ بِهَا الْمُنْتَصِرُ قَتْلَ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ كَانَ يُبْغِضُ مَنْ تَقَدَّمَهُ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ: الْمَأْمُونُ، وَالْمُعْتَصِمُ، وَالْوَاثِقُ فِي مَحَبَّةِ عَلَيٍّ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ يُنَادِمُهُ وَيُجَالِسُهُ جَمَاعَةٌ قَدِ اشْتَهَرُوا بِالنَّصْبِ، وَالْبُغْضِ لِعَلِيٍّ، مِنْهُمْ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَهْمِ، الشَّاعِرُ الشَّامِيُّ، وَمِنْ بَنِي شَامَةَ ابْنُ لُؤَيٍّ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ فَرَجٍ الرُّخَّجِيُّ، وَأَبُو السِّمْطِ مِنْ وَلَدِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، مِنْ مَوَالِي بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ أَتْرُجَّةَ. وَكَانُوا يُخَوِّفُونَهُ مِنَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ، وَيُشِيرُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِإِبْعَادِهِمْ، وَالْإِعْرَاضِ عَنْهُمْ، وَالْإِسَاءَةِ إِلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ حَسَّنُوا لَهُ الْوَقِيعَةَ فِي أَسْلَافِهِمُ الَّذِينَ يَعْتَقِدُ النَّاسُ عُلُوَّ مَنْزِلَتِهِمْ فِي الدِّينِ، وَلَمْ يَبْرَحُوا بِهِ حَتَّى ظَهَرَ مِنْهُ مَا كَانَ، فَغَطَّتْ هَذِهِ السَّيِّئَةُ جَمِيعَ حَسَنَاتِهِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ سِيرَةً، وَمَنَعَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَحَاسِنِ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ ذَلِكَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ. ذِكْرُ عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ اسْتَكْتَبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَاقَانَ . وَفِيهَا حَجَّ الْمُنْتَصِرُ بِاللَّهِ، وَحَجَّتْ مَعَهُ جَدَّتُهُ أُمُّ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ . وَفِيهَا هَلَكَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ فَجْأَةً، وَكَانَ عُقِدَ لَهُ عَلَى أَرْمِينِيَّةَ، وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ، فَلَبِسَ أَحَدَ خُفَّيْهِ، وَمَدَّ الْآخَرَ لِيَلْبَسَهُ، فَمَاتَ، فَوَلَّى الْمُتَوَكِّلُ ابْنَهُ يُوسُفَ مَا كَانَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ ( مِنَ الْحَرْبِ ) وَوَلَّاهُ خَرَاجَ النَّاحِيَةِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا وَضَبَطَهَا. وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ الْمُنْتَصِرُ. وَفِيهَا خَرَجَ حَبِيبٌ الْبَرْبَرِيُّ بِالْأَنْدَلُسِ بِجِبَالِ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ جَمْعٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَأَغَارُوا، وَاسْتَطَالُوا، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ جَيْشٌ مِنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنَ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ، فَتَفَرَّقُوا. وَفِيهَا: أَخْرَجَ النَّصَارَى عَنِ الدَّوَاوِينِ وَنَهَى أَنْ يُسْتَعَانَ بِهِمْ، وَعَزَلَهُمْ عَنِ الْوِلَايَاتِ [وَنَهَى أَنْ يُسْتَخْدَمُوا فِي ] شَيْءٍ مِنْ أُمُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَفِيهَا: أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ يَحْيَى الْأَرْمَنِيَّ غَزَا الصَّائِفَةَ، فَلَاقَى صَاحِبَ الرُّومِ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الرُّومِ، وَكَانَ هُوَ فِي نَحْوِ ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ، فَهَزَمَ الرُّومِيَّ، وَقَتَلَ مِنَ الرُّومِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، ثُمَّ مَضَى إِلَى عَمُّورِيَّةَ، فَافْتَتَحَهَا وَغَنِمَ مَا فِيهَا، وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا أُسَارَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانُوا خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَضَرَبَ كَنَائِسَهَا، وَفَتَحَ أَيْضًا حِصْنًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْفَطَسُ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ عِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ رَأْسٍ مِنَ السَّبْيِ، وَغَنِمَ غَنِيمَةً بَلَغَتْ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ.
Translation
✧ Then the year 236 AH began. Account of the killing of Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm In this year, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. Muṣʿab, the brother of Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, was killed. The reason for that was that Isḥāq sent his son Muḥammad b. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm to the caliph's gate, to act as his deputy at his gate. When Isḥāq died, al-Muʿtazz appointed his son Muḥammad b. Isḥāq over Fārs, and al-Muntaṣir appointed him over al-Yamāmah and al-Baḥrayn (and the road to Makkah) in Muḥarram of this year, and al-Mutawakkil added to him all of his father's offices, and he conveyed to al-Mutawakkil and his sons much of the jewels that had belonged to his father and precious things. His paternal uncle Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm was over Fārs. When news reached him of what al-Mutawakkil and his sons had done for his nephew, that distressed him, and he became hostile to the caliph and to his nephew. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq complained of that to al-Mutawakkil, and he gave him a free hand over his uncle to do with him as he wished. So he dismissed him from Fārs and appointed in his place his cousin al-Ḥusayn b. Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. Muṣʿab, and ordered him to kill his uncle Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm. When al-Ḥusayn went to Fārs, he sent gifts to his uncle on the day of Nayrūz, among which was sweetmeat. Muḥammad ate some of it, and al-Ḥusayn brought him into a house and set a guard over him. He asked for water to drink, but was denied it, and he died two days later. Account of what al-Mutawakkil did to the shrine of al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ In this year, al-Mutawakkil ordered the demolition of the grave of al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī ﷺ and the demolition of the dwellings and houses around it, and that his grave be sown and watered, and that people be prevented from visiting it. The agent of the chief of police proclaimed to the people in that area: "Whoever we find at his grave after three days, we will imprison him in the dungeon!" So the people fled and abandoned visiting it, and it was ploughed and planted. Al-Mutawakkil was intensely hateful toward ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ and his family, and he would pursue anyone about whom he learned that he showed loyalty to ʿAlī and his family by seizing his wealth and blood. Among his boon companions was ʿUbādah the effeminate one, who would tie a cushion on his belly under his clothes, bare his head—for he was bald—and dance before al-Mutawakkil while the singers sang: "The bald, big-bellied one has come, the caliph of the Muslims," thereby mimicking ʿAlī ﷺ, while al-Mutawakkil drank and laughed. One day he did that while al-Muntaṣir was present, and al-Muntaṣir gestured to ʿUbādah threatening him, so he fell silent out of fear of him. Al-Mutawakkil said: "What is the matter with you?" He rose and told him. Al-Muntaṣir said: "O Commander of the Faithful, the one whom this scribe imitates, and at whom people laugh, is your cousin and the elder of your household, and through him is your pride. Eat his flesh yourself if you wish, but do not feed it to this dog and his like!" Al-Mutawakkil said to the singers: "All of you sing: 'The youth grew jealous for his cousin; the youth's head is in his mother's vulva.' This was among the reasons by which al-Muntaṣir deemed lawful the killing of al-Mutawakkil. It was said that al-Mutawakkil hated those caliphs who preceded him—al-Maʾmūn, al-Muʿtaṣim, and al-Wāthiq—for their love of ʿAlī and his family. He was boon companion and sat with a group well known for enmity toward ʿAlī: among them ʿAlī b. al-Jahm, the Syrian poet; from the Banū Shāmah, Ibn Luʾayy; ʿUmar b. Faraj al-Rukhkhajī; and Abū al-Simṭ, of the descendants of Marwān b. Abī Ḥafṣah, from the clients of the Umayyads; and ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Dāwūd al-Hāshimī, known as Ibn Utrujjah. They filled him with fear of the ʿAlids and advised him to keep them at a distance, turn away from them, and treat them badly. Then they made it seem good to him to revile their forebears, whose high rank in religion people believed in. They did not cease with him until from him appeared what appeared, and this evil deed covered all his good deeds. He was one of the best of people in conduct, and he forbade people from saying the Qurʾān was created, along with other merits. It was said that that was in the year 238. Account of several events In this year al-Mutawakkil appointed ʿUbayd Allāh b. Yaḥyā b. Khāqān as his secretary. In it al-Muntaṣir billāh performed the pilgrimage, and his grandmother, the mother of al-Mutawakkil, performed the pilgrimage with him. In it Abū Saʿīd Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Marwazī died suddenly. He had been appointed over Armenia and Azerbaijan. He put on one of his boots and stretched out the other to put it on, and died. Al-Mutawakkil appointed his son Yūsuf to what his father had held of war, and appointed him over the land tax of the district. He went there and controlled it. Al-Muntaṣir led the people in pilgrimage this year. In it Ḥabīb al-Barbarī rose in al-Andalus in the mountains of al-Jazīrah, and a great crowd gathered to him. They raided and grew powerful. An army from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān marched against them and fought them, and defeated them, so they dispersed. In it he expelled the Christians from the registers and forbade seeking their help, and dismissed them from governorships, and forbade employing them in any of the Muslims' affairs. In it ʿAlī b. Yaḥyā al-Armanī raided the summer expedition and met the ruler of the Byzantines with thirty thousand Byzantines, while he had about three thousand horsemen. He defeated the Byzantine and killed more than twenty thousand Byzantines. Then he went to ʿAmmūriyyah, conquered it, and took as booty what was in it, and brought out Muslim captives from it, and they were a great multitude. He destroyed its churches, and he also conquered a fortress called al-Faṭas, and brought out of it twenty thousand head of captives, and seized booty amounting to one hundred and twenty thousand dinars.
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