Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3340
The Year 234 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزَّاهِدُ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ فَيْرُوزَ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزَّاهِدُ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، وَقِيلَ: الْمَرْوَزِيُّ . سَمِعَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَبَا عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيَّ، وَأَبَا دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيَّ فِي خَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ. [وَ ] كَانَ عَالِمًا وَرِعًا مُتَعَبِّدًا، وَالْكَرَامِيَّةُ تَنْتَحِلُهُ، وَوَرَدَ بَغْدَادَ أَيَّامَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا. قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ مِنَ الْأَبْدَالِ فَلَا أَدْرِي مَنْ هُمْ. وَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ وَقَدْ قَدِمَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ لِي أَحْمَدُ: مَنْ هَذَا الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ الَّذِي قَدِمَ ؟ قُلْتُ: مِنْ زُهْدِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَمِنْ وَرَعِهِ كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَقَالَ: لَا يَنْبَغِي لِمَنْ يَدَّعِي مَا يَدَّعِيهِ أَنْ يُدْخِلَ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْفُتْيَا. وَقَالَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى: مَرَّ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ بِصِبْيَانٍ يَلْعَبُونَ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: أَمْسِكُوا فَإِنَّ هَذَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الَّذِي لَا يَنَامُ اللَّيْلَ قَالَ: فَقَبَضَ أَحْمَدُ عَلَى لِحْيَتِهِ، وَقَالَ: الصِّبْيَانُ يَهَابُونَكَ بِأَنَّكَ لَا تَنَامُ وَأَنْتَ تَنَامُ. قَالَ: فَأَحْيَا اللَّيْلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ لَمْ يَنَمِ اللَّيْلَ. وَبَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْمَنَازِلُ أَرْبَعَةٌ، فَثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْهَا مَجَازٌ، وَالرَّابِعُ الْحَقِيقَةُ: عَمَّرْنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَمَكَثْنَا فِي الْقُبُورِ، وَمَقَامُنَا فِي الْحَشْرِ، وَمُنْصَرَفُنَا إِلَى الْأَبَدِ الَّذِي خُلِقْنَا لَهُ، فَمِثْلُ عُمْرِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا كَالْمُتَعَشَّى لِلْحَاجِّ لَا يَطْمَئِنُّونَ وَلَا يُحِلُّونَ الْأَثْقَالَ عَنِ الدَّوَابِّ لِسُرْعَةِ الِارْتِحَالِ، وَمَكَثْنَا فِي الْقُبُورِ مِثْلَ أَحَدِ الْمَنَازِلِ لِلْحَاجِّ يَضَعُونَ الْأَثْقَالَ وَيَسْتَرِيحُونَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً ثُمَّ يَرْتَحِلُونَ، وَمِثْلُ مَقَامِنَا فِي الْحَشْرِ كَمُقَدِّمِهِمْ أَمَكَّةَ يُوفُونَ النُّذُورَ وَيَقْضُونَ النُّسُكَ، ثُمَّ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْقِيَامَةُ يَفْتَرِقُ فِيهَا النَّاسُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ أَوِ السَّعِيرِ. تُوُفِّيَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ فِي رَجَبٍ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً وَأَشْهُرٍ. أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ الْمُتَكَلِّمُ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُبَشِّرِ [بْنِ أَحْمَدَ ] بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ الْمُتَكَلِّمُ . أَحَدُ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ الْبَغْدَادَيِّينَ، لَهُ كُتُبٌ مُصَنَّفَةٌ فِي الْكَلَامِ، تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ النَّسَائِيُّ زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ، أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ النَّسَائِيُّ . وُلِدَ سَنَةَ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَهُشَيْمٍ، وَابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَجَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، وَخَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، وَابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا، وَغَيْرُهُمْ. وَكَانَ ثِقَةً ثَبَتًا حَافِظًا مُتْقِنًا. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي شَعْبَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ. أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ الْعَتَكِيُّ سَلِيمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ الْعَتَكِيُّ . سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَحَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ. رَوَى عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ وَالْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. تُوُفِّيَ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ. أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْمُنْقَرِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالشَّاذَكُونِيِّ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ بِشْرِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْمُنْقَرِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالشَّاذَكُونِيِّ . حَدَّثَ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ. وَكَانَ حَافِظًا مُكْثِرًا، قَدِمَ بَغْدَادَ، فَجَالَسَ الْحُفَّاظَ وَذَاكَرَهُمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى أَصْبَهَانَ فَسَكَنَهَا. يَقُولُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ حَفْصٍ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرًا النَّاقِدَ يَقُولُ: مَا كَانَ فِي أَصْحَابِنَا أَحْفَظُ لِلْأَبْوَابِ مِنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَلَا أَسْرَدَ لِلْحَدِيثِ مِنِ ابْنِ الشَّاذَكُونِيِّ، وَلَا أَعْلَمَ بِالْإِسْنَادِ مِنْ يَحْيَى مَا قَدَرَ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَقْلِبَ عَلَيْهِ إِسْنَادًا قَطُّ. وَقَالَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: كَانَ أَعْلَمَنَا بِالرِّجَالِ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَأَحْفَظَنَا لِلْأَبْوَابِ سُلَيْمَانُ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ، وَكَانَ أَحْفَظَنَا لِلطِّوَالِ عَلِيٌّ. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: قَدْ طَعَنَ فِي الشَّاذَكُونِيِّ [رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ] جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَنَسَبُوهُ إِلَى الْكَذِبِ، وَقِلَّةِ الدِّينِ، فَذَهَبَتْ بِتَخْلِيطِهِ بَرَكَاتُ عِلْمِهِ. فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: قَدْ جَالَسَ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَبِشْرَ بْنَ الْمُفَضَّلِ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنَ زُرَيْعٍ فَمَا نَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: كَانَ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ يَكْذِبُ وَيَضَعُ الْحَدِيثَ وَقَدْ جَرَّبْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْكَذِبَ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: هُوَ عِنْدِي أَضْعَفُ مِنْ كُلِّ ضَعِيفٍ، وَقَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ: لَيْسَ بِثِقَةٍ. وَكَانَ عَبْدَانُ الْأَهْوَازِيُّ يَقُولُ: لَا يُتَّهَمُ شَاذَكُونِيٌّ بِالْكَذِبِ، وَإِنَّمَا كُتُبُهُ كَانَتْ قَدْ ذَهَبَتْ، فَكَانَ يُحَدِّثُ فَيَغْلَطُ. تُوُفِّيَ الشَّاذَكُونِيُّ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِأَصْبَهَانَ. وَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ طَاهِرٍ الْبَلْخِيَّ: رَأَيْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ الشَّاذَكُونِيَّ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ يَا أَبَا أَيُّوبَ ؟ فَقَالَ: غَفَرَ [اللَّهُ ] لِي. قُلْتُ: بِمَاذَا ؟ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي طَرِيقِ أَصْبَهَانَ [أَمُرُّ إِلَيْهَا ] فَأَخَذَتْنِي مَطَرَةٌ، وَكَانَتْ مَعِي كُتُبٌ، وَلَمْ أَكُنْ تَحْتَ سَقْفٍ وَلَا شَيْءٍ، فَانْكَبَبْتُ عَلَى كُتُبِي حَتَّى أَصْبَحْتُ وَهَدَأَ الْمَطَرُ، فَغَفَرَ لِي اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ. عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرِ بْنِ بَرِّيٍّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرِ بْنِ بَرِّيٍّ، أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ . فَارِسِيُّ الْأَصْلِ. سَمِعَ هِشَامَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ، وَجَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ. رَوَى عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَقَالَ: هُوَ ثِقَةٌ. تُوُفِّيَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَدَوَّنَ هَذَا رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَرِّيٍّ، وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ: "بَحْرٌ". حَدَّثَ بِبَغْدَادَ أَيْضًا عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ شَبِيبٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ. أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّعْدِيُّ مَوْلَاهُمْ وَيُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّعْدِيُّ مَوْلَاهُمْ، وَيُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ . بَصْرِيُّ الْمَوْلِدِ، كُوفِيُّ الْمَنْشَأِ، وُلِدَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَسَمِعَ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَهِشَامَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ، وَسُفْيَانَ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَخَلْقًا كَثِيرًا. وَكَانَ الْمُقَدَّمَ عَلَى حُفَّاظِ وَقْتِهِ، وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي أَتَعَلَّمُ مِنِ ابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَتَعَلَّمُ مِنِّي، وَلَوْلَاهُ مَا جَلَسْتُ وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: النَّاسُ يَلُومُونِي فِي قُعُودِي مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، وَأَنَا أَتَعَلَّمُ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا يَتَعَلَّمُ مِنِّي. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ لَا يُسَمِّيهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُكَنِّيهِ تَبْجِيلًا لَهُ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: مَا أَسْتَصْغِرُ نَفْسِي عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا عِنْدَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَزْدَادَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ الْبُحَيْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَعْيَنَ يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ مُسْتَلْقِيًا، وَأَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَهُوَ يُمْلِي عَلَيْهِمَا. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ: سَمِعْتُ عَبَّاسًا الْعَنْبَرِيَّ يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ بَلَغَ مَا لَوْ قُضِيَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتِمَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، لَعَلَّهُ كَانَ يُقَدَّمُ عَلَى الْحَسَنِ الْبَصَرِيِّ، كَانَ النَّاسُ يَكْتُبُونَ قِيَامَهُ وَقُعُودَهُ، وَلِبَاسَهُ، وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ يَقُولُ وَيَفْعَلُ، أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: وَالَّذِي مَنَعَ ابْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ مِنَ التَّمَامِ إِجَابَتَهُ فِي خَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ وَمَيْلِهِ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ لِأَجْلِ حُطَامِ الدُّنْيَا، فَلَمْ يَكْفِهِ أَنْ أَجَابَ فَكَانَ يَعْتَذِرُ لِلتَّقِيَّةِ، وَصَارَ يَتَرَدَّدُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ وَيُظْهِرُ لَهُ الْمُوَافَقَةَ. وَقَالَ: الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ فَهِمٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ لِلْمُعْتَصِمِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَذَا يَزْعُمُ - يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ - أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يُرَى فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَالْعَيْنُ لَا تَقَعُ إِلَّا عَلَى مَحْدُودٍ، وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحَدُّ. فَقَالَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ: مَا عِنْدَكَ فِي هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، عِنْدِي مَا قَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: وَمَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ؟ عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي لَيْلَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْبَدْرِ، فَقَالَ: "أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَتَرَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ كَمَا تَرَوْنَ هَذَا الْبَدْرَ، لَا تُضَامُونَ فِي رُؤْيَتِهِ". فَقَالَ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: مَا عِنْدَكَ فِي هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: أَنْظُرُ فِي إِسْنَادِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ. وَكَانَ هَذَا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ، [ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ ]، فَوَجَّهَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَهُوَ مُمْلِقٌ لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ، فَأَحْضَرَهُ فَمَا كَلَّمَهُ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى وَصَلَهُ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: هَذِهِ وَصَلَكَ بِهَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعَ مَا اسْتَحَقَّ مِنْ أَرْزَاقِهِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ رِزْقُ سَنَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ حَدِيثُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الرُّؤْيَةِ مَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: صَحِيحٌ، قَالَ: فَهَلْ عِنْدَكَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ ؟ قَالَ: يُعْفِينِي الْقَاضِي مِنْ هَذَا. فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ هُوَ حَاجَةُ الدَّهْرِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ لَهُ بِثِيَابٍ وَطِيبٍ وَمَرْكَبٍ بِسَرْجِهِ وَلِجَامِهِ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ: فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مَنْ لَا يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَا عَلَى مَا يَرْوِيهِ، وَهُوَ قَيْسُ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَعْرَابِيًّا بَوَّالًا عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ. فَقَامَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ إِلَى ابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ فَاعْتَنَقَهُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَحَضَرُوا قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، هَذَا يَحْتَجُّ فِي الرُّؤْيَةِ بِحَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ، وَإِنَّمَا رَوَاهُ عَنْهُ قَيْسُ بْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ وَهُوَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ بَوَّالٌ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ مِنْ عَمَلِ ابْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ. وَقَدِمَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ الْبَصْرَةَ، فَصَارَ إِلَيْهِ بُنْدَارٌ، فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بُنْدَارٌ - عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْمَلَأِ - مَنْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ ؟ [قَالَ: لَا، ] أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ. قَالَ بُنْدَارٌ: عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَحْتَسِبُ خَطَئِي، شَبَّهَ عَلِيٌّ هَذَا، وَغَضِبَ وَقَامَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ عِنْدَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَرْبِيِّ قِمْطَرٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، وَمَا كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لِمَ لَا تُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ ؟ قَالَ: لَقِيتُهُ يَوْمًا وَبِيَدِهِ نَعْلُهُ وَثِيَابُهُ فِي فَمِهِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِلَى أَيْنَ ؟ قَالَ: أَلْحَقُ الصَّلَاةَ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يَعْنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: أَبُو عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا حَدَّثْتُ عَنْكَ بِحَرْفٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَيْنَاءِ: دَخَلَ عَلِيَّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ جَرَى مِنْ مِحْنَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ مَا جَرَى، فَنَاوَلَهُ رُقْعَةً وَقَالَ: هَذِهِ طُرِحَتْ فِي دَارِي، [فَقَرَأَهَا ] فَإِذَا فِيهَا: يَا ابْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ الَّذِي شَرَعْتَ لَهُ دُنْيَا فَجَادَ بِدِينِهِ لِيَنَالَهَا مَاذَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى اعْتِقَادِ مَقَالَةٍ قَدْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ كَافِرٌ مَنْ قَالَهَا أَمْرٌ بَدَا لَكَ رُشْدُهُ فَقَبِلْتَهُ أَمْ زَهْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا أَرَدْتَ نَوَالَهَا فَلَقَدْ عَهِدْتُكَ لَا أَبَا لَكَ مَرَّةً صَعْبَ الْمَقَالَةِ لِلَّتِي تُدْعَى لَهَا إِنَّ الْحَرِيبَ لَمَنْ يُصَابُ بِدِينِهِ لَا مَنْ يُرَزِّئُ نَاقَةً وَفِصَالَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحْمَدُ: قَدْ هَجَا خِيَارَ النَّاسِ، وَقَدْ قُمْتُ وَقُمْنَا مِنْ حَقِّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِمَا يَصْغُرُ لَهُ قَدْرُ الدُّنْيَا عِنْدَ كَثِيرِ ثَوَابِهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا لَهُ بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقَالَ: اصْرِفْ هَذِهِ فِي نَفَقَاتِكَ. قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: وَقَدْ رَوَى جَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أَجَبْتُ تَقِيَّةً، وَخِفْتُ السَّيْفَ، وَقَدْ حُبِسْتُ فِي بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَفِي رِجْلِي قَيْدٌ [فِيهِ ] ثَمَانِيَةُ أَمْنَانٍ حَتَّى خِفْتُ عَلَى بَصَرِي. تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ بِسَامُرَّاءَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ. أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَابِدُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْمَقَابِرِيِّ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا الْعَابِدُ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْمَقَابِرِيِّ . وُلِدَ سَنَةَ سَبْعَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. سَمِعَ شَرِيكًا، وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، وَابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ وَغَيْرَهُمْ. رَوَى عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَالْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً وَرِعًا مِنْ خِيَارِ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِالْمَقَابِرِ فَسَمِعْتُ هَمْهَمَةً، فَاتَّبَعْتُ الْأَثَرَ، فَإِذَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ فِي حُفْرَةٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْحُفَرِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَدْعُو وَيَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: يَا قُرَّةَ عَيْنِ الْمُطِيعِينَ ! وَيَا قُرَّةَ عَيْنِ الْعَاصِينَ ! وَلِمَ لَا تَكُونُ قُرَّةَ عَيْنِ الْمُطِيعِينَ وَأَنْتَ مَنَنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالطَّاعَةِ، وَلِمَ لَا تَكُونُ قُرَّةَ عَيْنِ الْعَاصِينَ وَأَنْتَ سَتَرْتَ عَلَيْهِمُ الذُّنُوبَ. قَالَ: وَيُعَاوِدُ الْبُكَاءَ، قَالَ: فَغَلَبَنِي الْبُكَاءُ، فَفَطِنَ بِي، فَقَالَ لِي: تَعَالَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا بَعَثَ بِكَ الْخَيْرَ. تُوُفِّيَ يَحْيَى فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطَّالَقَانِيُّ، وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ : عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، وَأَبُو رَبِيعٍ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، وَالْمُعَافَى الرُّسْعَنِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى اللَّيْثِيُّ رَاوِي الْمُوَطَّأِ لِلْمَغَارِبَةِ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the prominent figures who died in this year Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Zāhid al-Naysābūrī Aḥmad b. Ḥarb b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Sahl b. Fayrūz, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Zāhid al-Naysābūrī, and it is said: al-Marwazī. He heard Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, Abū ʿĀmir al-ʿAqadī, and Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī among many others. [And] he was a scholar, pious, devoted to worship, and the Karrāmiyyah claimed him as one of their own. He came to Baghdad during the days of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and narrated there. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said: If Aḥmad b. Ḥarb is not one of the abdāl, then I do not know who they are. Ismāʿīl b. Qutaybah said: I entered upon Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal when Aḥmad b. Ḥarb had arrived from Makkah. Aḥmad said to me: Who is this Khurasani who has arrived? I said: From his asceticism such-and-such, and from his scrupulousness such-and-such. He said: It does not behoove one who claims what he claims to involve himself in giving legal opinions. Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā said: Aḥmad b. Ḥarb passed by boys playing, and one of them said: Stop, for this is Aḥmad b. Ḥarb who does not sleep at night. He said: Aḥmad grabbed his beard and said: The boys hold you in awe because you do not sleep, yet you do sleep. He said: So he kept the night alive after that until he died, never sleeping at night. It has reached us that Aḥmad b. Ḥarb said: The stations are four; three of them are a passage, and the fourth is the reality. We have lived in this world, we have stayed in the graves, our standing will be at the gathering, and our departure to the eternity for which we were created. The likeness of our life in this world is like those who stop for an evening meal during the pilgrimage: they do not settle, nor do they remove the loads from the mounts because of the haste of departure. Our stay in the graves is like one of the stations of the pilgrims: they set down their loads and rest for a day and a night, then depart. Our standing at the gathering is like their arrival at Makkah: they fulfill vows and perform the rites, then disperse. Likewise, at the resurrection, people will disperse to Paradise or to the blaze. Aḥmad b. Ḥarb died in Rajab of this year, at the age of fifty-eight years and some months. Abū Muḥammad al-Thaqafī the Mutakallim Jaʿfar b. Mubashshir [b. Aḥmad] b. Muḥammad, Abū Muḥammad al-Thaqafī the mutakallim. One of the Baghdad Muʿtazilah. He had books composed on kalām. He died in this year. Abū Khaythamah al-Nasāʾī Zuhayr b. Ḥarb b. Shaddād, Abū Khaythamah al-Nasāʾī. He was born in the year 160. He narrated from Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, Hushaym, Ibn ʿUlayyah, Jarīr b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, and many others. Narrated from him: al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Ibn Abī al-Dunyā, and others. He was trustworthy, reliable, a memorizer, and precise. He died in Shaʿbān of this year at the age of seventy-four. It has been said that he died in the year 232, but that is a mistake. Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī al-ʿAtakī Sulaymān b. Dāwūd, Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī al-ʿAtakī. He heard Mālik b. Anas and Ḥammād b. Zayd. Narrated from him: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Ibn al-Madīnī, and al-Baghawī. He was trustworthy. He died in Ramaḍān of this year in al-Baṣrah. Abū Ayyūb al-Munqarī al-Baṣrī, known as al-Shādhakūnī Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. Bishr b. Ziyād, Abū Ayyūb al-Munqarī al-Baṣrī, known as al-Shādhakūnī. He narrated from Ḥammād b. Zayd and others. He was a memorizer of abundant ḥadīth. He came to Baghdad, sat with the ḥuffāẓ and engaged in study with them, then went to Isfahan and settled there. Muḥammad b. Ḥafṣ said: I heard ʿAmr al-Nāqid say: Among our companions, none had a better memorization of the chapters than Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, none was more fluent in ḥadīth than Ibn al-Shādhakūnī, and none was more knowledgeable of the isnād than Yaḥyā. No one was ever able to reverse an isnād on him. Abū ʿAbd Allāh said: The most knowledgeable of us concerning the narrators was Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn, the best memorizer of the chapters was Sulaymān al-Shādhakūnī, and the best memorizer of the long ḥadīths was ʿAlī. The compiler said: A group of scholars criticized al-Shādhakūnī [may God have mercy on him], and attributed to him lying and lack of religiosity, so the blessings of his knowledge were lost through his confusion. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: Al-Shādhakūnī sat with Ḥammād b. Zayd, Bishr b. al-Mufaḍḍal, and Yazīd b. Zurayʿ, but God did not benefit him through a single one of them. Yaḥyā said: Al-Shādhakūnī used to lie and fabricate ḥadīth. I have tested him and found him lying. Al-Bukhārī said: In my view he is weaker than every weak narrator. Al-Nasāʾī said: He is not trustworthy. ʿAbdān al-Ahwāzī used to say: Al-Shādhakūnī is not to be accused of lying; rather, his books were lost, so when he narrated he made mistakes. Al-Shādhakūnī died in Jumādā al-Ākhirah of this year in Isfahan. Ismāʿīl b. Ṭāhir al-Balkhī said: I saw Sulaymān al-Shādhakūnī in a dream, and I said: What has God done with you, O Abū Ayyūb? He said: [God] has forgiven me. I said: For what? He said: I was on the road to Isfahan, [traveling there], when a rain shower overtook me. I had books with me, and I was not under any roof or anything, so I bent over my books until morning came and the rain stopped. So God forgave me for that. ʿAlī b. Baḥr b. Barrī ʿAlī b. Baḥr b. Barrī, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Qaṭṭān. He was of Persian origin. He heard Hishām b. Yūsuf and Jarīr b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal narrated from him and said: He is trustworthy. He died in al-Baṣrah in this year. A man named ʿAlī b. Barrī recorded this, and there is no “Baḥr” in it. He also narrated in Baghdad from Salamah b. Shabīb, and Abū Bakr al-Shāfiʿī narrated from him. Abū al-Ḥasan al-Saʿdī, their client, known as Ibn al-Madīnī ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar b. Yaḥyā b. Bakr b. Saʿd, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Saʿdī, their client, known as Ibn al-Madīnī. He was born in al-Baṣrah and raised in al-Kūfah. He was born in the year 161. He heard Ḥammād b. Zayd, Hishām b. Bashīr, Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, and many others. He was foremost among the ḥuffāẓ of his time. Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah used to say: By God, I learn more from Ibn al-Madīnī than he learns from me, and were it not for him, I would not sit. Likewise, Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd used to say: People blame me for sitting with ʿAlī, but I learn more from ʿAlī than he learns from me. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal would not mention him by name, but only by his kunyah, out of reverence for him. Al-Bukhārī said: I do not consider myself small before anyone except before ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī. Muḥammad b. Yazdād said: I heard Aḥmad b. Yūsuf al-Buḥayrī say: I heard al-Aʿyan say: I saw ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī reclining, with Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal on his right and Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn on his left, and he was dictating to them. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Sayyār said: I heard ʿAbbās al-ʿAnbarī say: ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī had reached a point that, had he been destined to complete it, perhaps he would have been given precedence over al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī. People used to write down his standing, his sitting, his clothing, and everything he said and did, or something like this. The compiler said: What prevented Ibn al-Madīnī from completion was his assent regarding the createdness of the Qurʾān and his inclination toward Ibn Abī Duʾād for the sake of worldly scraps. It was not enough for him that he assented, but he used to excuse himself by dissimulation and began to frequent Ibn Abī Duʾād, showing agreement with him. Al-Ḥusayn b. Fahm said: My father narrated to us, saying: Ibn Abī Duʾād said to al-Muʿtaṣim: O Commander of the Faithful, this man claims—meaning Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal—that God, exalted is He, will be seen in the Hereafter, but the eye only falls upon something limited, and God is not limited. Al-Muʿtaṣim said: What do you have regarding this? He said: O Commander of the Faithful, I have what the Messenger of God ﷺ said. He said: And what did he ﷺ say? On the authority of Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī, who said: We were with the Prophet ﷺ on the night of the fourteenth of the month, and he looked at the full moon and said: “Indeed, you will see your Lord just as you see this full moon; you will not be harmed in seeing Him.” Then he said to Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād: What do you have regarding this? He said: I will examine the isnād of this ḥadīth. This was on the first day, [then he departed]. Ibn Abī Duʾād sent for ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī, who was destitute and could not obtain a dirham. He brought him and did not speak to him about anything until he gave him ten thousand dirhams, saying: These the Commander of the Faithful has bestowed upon you, and he ordered that all his due stipends be paid to him, and he had two years' stipend due. Then he said: O Abū al-Ḥasan, what about the ḥadīth of Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh concerning the vision? He said: It is authentic. He said: Do you have any objection to it? He said: May the judge excuse me from this. But he said: O Abū al-Ḥasan, it is the need of the age. Then he ordered for him garments, perfume, and a mount with its saddle and bridle, and he did not cease until he said to him: In this isnād there is someone who cannot be relied upon, nor upon what he narrates, and that is Qays b. Abī Ḥāzim. He was only a bedouin who urinated on his heels. Ibn Abī Duʾād rose to Ibn al-Madīnī and embraced him. When the next day came and they attended, Ibn Abī Duʾād said: O Commander of the Faithful, this man argues for the vision using the ḥadīth of Jarīr, but it was only narrated from him by Qays b. Abī Ḥāzim, and he is a bedouin who urinates on his heels. Aḥmad said after that: Then I knew that it was the doing of Ibn al-Madīnī. ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī came to al-Baṣrah, and Bundār went to him. He began to say: Abū ʿAbd Allāh said. Bundār said to him—in front of the assembly—Who is Abū ʿAbd Allāh? Is it Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal? [He said: No,] Abū ʿAbd Allāh is Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād. Bundār said: I seek God's reward for my error. ʿAlī confused this, and he became angry and left. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ibrāhīm al-Shāfiʿī said: Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī had a chest of the ḥadīth of ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī, but he did not narrate from it. It was said to him: Why do you not narrate from him? He said: I met him one day with his sandal in his hand and his garments in his mouth, and I said: Where are you going? He said: To catch the prayer behind Abū ʿAbd Allāh. I thought he meant Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, so I said: Who is Abū ʿAbd Allāh? He said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Duʾād. I said: By God, I will never narrate a single letter from you. Abū al-ʿAynāʾ said: ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī entered upon Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād after what had happened of the miḥnah of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. He handed him a note and said: This was thrown into my house. [He read it,] and in it was: O Ibn al-Madīnī, who set out for a world and gave his religion generously to attain it What called you to hold a doctrine whose speaker you once considered an infidel? Was it a matter whose rightness appeared to you and you accepted it, or the flower of this world that you desired to obtain? I once knew you—may you have no father—as harsh in speech toward that to which you were called. The truly plundered one is he who is struck in his religion, not he who loses a camel and its weaned young. Aḥmad said to him: He has satirized the best of people. We have risen—and we have risen—for the right of God, exalted is He, in a manner that makes the worth of this world small in light of His abundant reward. Then he called for five thousand dirhams for him and said: Spend these on your expenses. The compiler said: A group narrated from ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī that he said: I only assented out of dissimulation, and I feared the sword. I was imprisoned in a dark room for eight months, with a shackle on my leg [containing] eight mann, until I feared for my eyesight. Ibn al-Madīnī died in Sāmarrāʾ in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of this year. It is said: in the year 235, but that is not correct. Abū Zakariyyā the Worshipper, known as al-Maqābirī Yaḥyā b. Ayyūb, Abū Zakariyyā the worshipper, known as al-Maqābirī. He was born in the year 157. He heard Sharīk, Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar, Ibn ʿUlayyah, and others. Narrated from him: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, and al-Baghawī. He was trustworthy, pious, one of the best of God's servants. Al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ashalī said: My father narrated to me, saying: I passed by the cemeteries and heard a murmur. I followed the sound, and there was Yaḥyā b. Ayyūb in one of those graves, supplicating and weeping, saying: O delight of the eyes of the obedient! O delight of the eyes of the disobedient! Why should You not be the delight of the eyes of the obedient, when You bestowed obedience upon them? And why should You not be the delight of the eyes of the disobedient, when You concealed their sins? He said: And he kept returning to weeping. He said: Weeping overcame me, and he noticed me, and said to me: Come, perhaps God, exalted is He, has sent you with good. Yaḥyā died in Rabīʿ al-Awwal of this year. In it also died Isḥāq b. Ismāʿīl al-Ṭālaqānī. Among the notables who died in it were: ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Nufaylī, Abū Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Numayr, Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-Muqaddamī, al-Muʿāfā al-Rasʿanī, and Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā al-Laythī, the transmitter of the Muwaṭṭaʾ to the Maghribis from Mālik b. Anas.
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