Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3332
The Year 231 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ ، مِنْ وَلَدِ عَمْرِو بْنِ لُحَيٍّ [الْخُزَاعِيُّ ]. الَّذِي قَالَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "رَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيٍّ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي النَّارِ" لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ بَحَرَ الْبَحِيرَةَ، وَسَيَّبَ السَّائِبَةَ. وَمَالِكُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ كَانَ أَحَدَ نُقَبَاءِ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ فِي ابْتِدَاءِ دَوْلَتِهِمْ، وَسُوَيْقَةُ نَصْرٍ بِبَغْدَادَ تُنْسَبُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ نَصْرٍ. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ مِنْ كِبَارِ الْعُلَمَاءِ، أَمَّارًا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، فَعَّالًا لِلْخَيْرِ، قَوَّالًا لِلْحَقِّ، سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، وَحَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَهُشَيْمَ بْنَ بَشِيرٍ، وَغَيْرَهُمْ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَغَيْرُهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الصُّولِيُّ: كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ وَسَهْلُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ - حِينَ كَانَ الْمَأْمُونُ بِخُرَاسَانَ - بَايَعَا لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَأْمُونُ بَغْدَادَ فَرَفَقَ بِسَهْلٍ حَتَّى لَبِسَ السَّوَادَ، وَأَخَذَ الْأَرْزَاقَ، وَلَزِمَ أَحْمَدُ بَيْتَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَمْرَهُ تَحَرَّكَ بِبَغْدَادَ فِي آخِرِ أَيَّامِ الْوَاثِقِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ خَلْقٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ إِلَى أَنْ مَلَكُوا بَغْدَادَ، وَتَعَدَّى رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا: طَالِبٌ فِي الْجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ، وَيُقَالُ لِلْآخَرِ: أَبُو هَارُونَ فِي الْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، وَكَانَا مُوسِرَيْنِ فَبَذَلَا مَالًا وَعَزَمَا عَلَى الْوُثُوبِ بِبَغْدَادَ فِي آخِرِ أَيَّامِ الْوَاثِقِ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَنَمَّ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْمٌ إِلَى إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَأَخَذَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْهُمْ فِيهِمْ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ وَصَاحِبَاهُ طَالِبٌ وَأَبُو هَارُونَ طَالِبًا وَأَبَا هَارُونَ فَقَيَّدَهُمَا، وَوَجَدَ فِي مَنْزِلِ أَحَدِهِمَا أَعْلَامًا، وَضَرَبَ خَادِمًا لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، فَأَقَرَّ أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ كَانُوا يَصِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ لَيْلًا فَيُعَرِّفُونَهُ مَا عَمِلُوا، فَحَمَلَهُمْ إِسْحَاقُ مُقَيَّدِينَ إِلَى سَامُرَّاءَ، فَجَلَسَ لَهُمُ الْوَاثِقُ وَقَالَ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ: دَعْ مَا أَخَذْتَ لَهُ، مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: أَفَمَخْلُوقٌ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: أَفْتَرَى رَبَّكَ فِي الْقِيَامَةِ ؟ قَالَ: كَذَا جَاءَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ. قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ، يَرَى كَمَا يَرَى أَفَمَخْلُوقٌ هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ الْمَحْدُودُ الْمَجْسُومُ، وَيَحْوِيهِ مَكَانٌ وَيَحْصُرُهُ النَّاظِرُ، أَنَا أَكْفُرُ بِرَبٍّ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ، مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيهِ ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ - وَكَانَ قَاضِيًا عَلَى الْجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ بِبَغْدَادَ وَعُزِلَ - هُوَ حَلَالُ الدَّمِ، وَقَالَ جَمَاعَةُ الْفُقَهَاءِ: كَمَا قَالَ، فَأَظْهَرَ ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ أَنَّهُ كَارِهٌ لِقَتْلِهِ فَقَالَ لِلْوَاثِقِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، شَيْخٌ مُخْتَلٌّ، لَعَلَّ بِهِ عَاهَةً أَوْ تَغَيَّرَ عَقْلُهُ، يُؤَخَّرُ أَمْرُهُ وَيُسْتَتَابُ، فَقَالَ الْوَاثِقُ: مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا مُؤْذِنًا بِالْكُفْرِ، قَائِمًا بِمَا يَعْتَقِدُهُ مِنْهُ. وَدَعَا بِالصَّمْصَامَةِ وَقَالَ: إِذَا قُمْتُ [إِلَيْهِ ] فَلَا يَقُومَنَّ أَحَدٌ مَعِي فَإِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ خُطَايَ إِلَى هَذَا الْكَافِرِ الَّذِي يَعْبُدُ رَبًّا لَا نَعْبُدُهُ وَلَا نَعْرِفُهُ بِالصِّفَةِ الَّتِي وَصَفَهُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِالنَّطْعِ فَأُجْلِسَ عَلَيْهِ [وَهُوَ مُقَيَّدٌ ]، وَأَمَرَ بِشَدِّ رَأْسِهِ بِحَبَلٍ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَمُدُّوهُ. وَمَشَى إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِحَمْلِ رَأْسِهِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ، فَنُصِبَتْ فِي الْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ أَيَّامًا، وَفِي الْجَانِبِ الْغَرْبِيِّ أَيَّامًا، وَتَتَبَّعَ رُؤَسَاءَ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَوُضِعُوا فِي الْحُبُوسِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: أَنَّ طَالِبًا وَأَبَا هَارُونَ السَّرَّاجَ فَرَّقَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ مَالًا، وَوَعَدُوهُمْ لَيْلَةً يَضْرِبُونَ فِيهَا الطَّبْلَ فَيَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي صَبِيحَتِهَا بِالْوُثُوبِ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ، وَكَانَ الْوَعْدُ لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ لِثَلَاثٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، وَأَعْطَيَا رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي أَشْرَسَ [الْعَابِدِ ] دَنَانِيرَ يُفَرِّقَانِهَا فِي جِيرَانِهِمْ، فَاجْتَمَعَ قَوْمٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى نَبِيذٍ، فَثَمِلُوا فَضَرَبُوا الطَّبْلَ لَيْلَةَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَهُمْ يَحْسُبُونَهَا لَيْلَةَ الْخَمِيسِ، فَأَكْثَرُوا الضَّرْبَ، فَلَمْ يَجْتَمِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَحَدٌ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ، وَقَرَّرَهُمْ فَأَقَرُّوا، وَأُخِذَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، فَقُيِّدَ وَبُعِثَ [بِهِ ] إِلَى الْوَاثِقِ، فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ لَهُ مَا قِيلَ عَنْهُ فِي الْخُرُوجِ [عَلَيْهِ ]، لَكِنَّهُ قَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ؟ وَهَلْ تَرَى رَبَّكَ ؟ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ: فَدَعَا الْوَاثِقُ بِسَيْفِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، وَمَشَى إِلَيْهِ وَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً وَقَعَتْ عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهُ أُخْرَى عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ انْتَضَى سِيمَا الدِّمَشْقِيُّ سَيْفَهُ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ، وَجَزَّ رَأْسَهُ، ثُمَّ صُلِبَ فِي الْحَظِيرَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا بَابُكَ، وَفِي رِجْلَيْهِ قُيُودٌ، وَعَلَيْهِ سَرَاوِيلُ وَقَمِيصٌ، وَحُمِلَ رَأْسُهُ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ السَّلَامِ، فَنُصِبَ فِي الْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ أَيَّامًا وَفِي [الْجَانِبِ ] الْغَرْبِيِّ أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ حُوِّلَ إِلَى الشَّرْقِيِّ، وَحُظِرَ عَلَى الرَّأْسِ حَظِيرَةٌ، وَضُرِبَ عَلَيْهِ فُسْطَاطٌ، وَأُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَرَسُ. يَقُولُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ السَّيَّارِيَّ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيَّ قَالَ: ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، وَهَذِهِ نُسْخَةُ الرُّقْعَةِ مُعَلَّقَةً فِي أُذُنِهِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ: هَذَا رَأْسُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، دَعَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْإِمَامُ هَارُونُ الْوَاثِقُ بِاللَّهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ وَنَفْيِ التَّشْبِيهِ فَأَبَى إِلَّا الْمُعَانَدَةَ فَعَجَّلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى نَارِهِ، وَكَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَكِّيُّ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا رُئِيَ أَعْجَبُ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْوَاثِقِ، قَتَلَ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ نَصْرٍ، وَكَانَ لِسَانُهُ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ إِلَى أَنْ دُفِنَ. قَالَ: فَوَجَدَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَسَاءَهُ مَا سَمِعَهُ فِي أَخِيهِ، إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الزَّيَّاتُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فِي قَلْبِي [شَيْءٌ ] مِنْ قَتْلِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَحْرَقَنِي اللَّهُ بِالنَّارِ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْوَاثِقُ إِلَّا كَافِرًا، قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ هَرْثَمَةُ فَقَالَ: يَا هَرْثَمَةُ، فِي نَفْسِي [شَيْءٌ ] مِنْ قَتْلِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَطَّعَنِي اللَّهُ إِرْبًا إِرْبًا إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْوَاثِقُ إِلَّا كَافِرًا، قَالَ: وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَحْمَدُ، فِي قَلْبِي مِنْ قَتْلِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ [شَيْءٌ ] فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ضَرَبَنِي اللَّهُ بِالْفَالِجِ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْوَاثِقُ إِلَّا كَافِرًا، قَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ: أَمَّا [ابْنُ ] الزَّيَّاتِ فَأَنَا أَحْرَقْتُهُ بِالنَّارِ، وَأَمَّا هَرْثَمَةُ فَإِنَّهُ هَرَبَ، فَاجْتَازَ بِقَبِيلَةٍ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ فَقَطَّعُوهُ إِرْبًا إِرْبًا، وَأَمَا ابْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادٍ فَقَدْ سَجَنَهُ اللَّهُ فِي جِلْدِهِ. قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ: كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ خُلِّيَ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ فِي الْمِحْنَةِ وَصُلِبَ رَأْسُهُ، أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ الرَّأْسَ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَمَضَيْتُ فَبِتُّ بِقُرْبٍ مِنَ الرَّأْسِ مُشْرِفًا عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ رَجَّالَةٌ وَفُرْسَانٌ يَحْفَظُونَهُ، فَلَمَّا هَدَأَتِ الْعُيُونُ سَمِعْتُ الرَّأْسَ يَقْرَأُ: الم أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُتْرَكُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لا يُفْتَنُونَ - 2 الْآيَةَ، فَاقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدِي، ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَنَامِ وَعَلَيْهِ السُّنْدُسُ وَالْإِسْتَبْرَقُ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ تَاجٌ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا فَعَلَ اللَّهُ بِكَ يَا أَخِي ؟ قَالَ: غَفَرَ لِي وَأَدْخَلَنِي الْجَنَّةَ، إِلَّا أَنِّي كُنْتُ مَغْمُومًا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَقُلْتُ: وَلِمَ ؟ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ بِي، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ خَشَبَتِي حَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ عَنِّي، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قُتِلْتُ عَلَى الْحَقِّ أَمْ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ ؟ قَالَ: أَنْتَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ، وَلَكِنْ قَتَلَكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، فَإِذَا بَلَغْتُ إِلَيْكَ أَسْتَحِي مِنْكَ. وَقَالَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْمُطَوَّعِيَّ: لَمَّا جِيءَ بِرَأْسِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ صَلَبُوهُ عَلَى الْجِسْرِ، فَكَانَتِ الرِّيحُ تُدِيرُهُ قَبْلَ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَأَقْعَدُوا لَهُ رَجُلًا مَعَهُ قَصَبَةٌ أَوْ رُمْحٌ، فَكَانَ إِذَا دَارَ نَحْوَ الْقِبْلَةِ أَدَارَهُ إِلَى خِلَافِ الْقِبْلَةِ. قَالَ السَّرَّاجُ: قُتِلَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ غُرَّةَ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَأُنْزِلَ رَأْسُهُ وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ بِبَغْدَادَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِثَلَاثٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَوَّالَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ. قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ [أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: ] لَمْ يَزَلْ رَأْسُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَصْرٍ مَنْصُوبًا بِبَغْدَادَ وَجَسَدُهُ مَصْلُوبًا بِسَامُرَّاءَ سِتَّ سِنِينَ إِلَى أَنْ حُطَّ، وَجُمِعَ بَيْنَ رَأْسِهِ وَبَدَنِهِ، وَدُفِنَ فِي الْجَانِبِ الشَّرْقِيِّ فِي الْمَقْبَرَةِ الْمَعْرُوفَةِ بِالْمَالِكِيَّةِ. أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الشَّامِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ بْنِ الْيَزِيدَ، أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الشَّامِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ . سَكَنَ بَغْدَادَ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانِ، وَابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَغُنْدَرٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ. قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ: هُوَ صَدُوقٌ، وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: هُوَ ثِقَةٌ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُهَاجِرِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُهَاجِرِ مَوْلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ . دِمَشْقِيٌّ، وَلِيَ أَمْرَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ السَّرَّاجُ خَالِدُ بْنُ مِرْدَاسَ، أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ السَّرَّاجُ . حَدَّثَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ، وَابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: الْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. تُوُفِّيَ فِي شَعْبَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ مَوْلَى الْمَهَالِبَةِ خَلَفُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ مَوْلَى الْمَهَالِبَةِ . وَكَانَ سِنْدِيًّا، سَمِعَ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَيَّاشٍ وَهُشَيْمًا، وَابْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، وَابْنَ عُلَيَّةَ، وَأَبَا نُعَيْمٍ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ شَيْبَةَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَيْثَمَةَ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: لَا نَشُكُّ فِي صِدْقِهِ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الْأَحْوَلُ الْخَتْلِيُّ الْبَغْدَادَيُّ سَلِيمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الرَّشِيدِ، أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الْأَحْوَلُ الْخَتْلِيُّ الْبَغْدَادَيُّ . وَلَيْسَ هَذَا دَاوُدَ بْنَ رَشِيدٍ الْمَشْهُورَ، هَذَا آخَرُ، حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ الرَّازِيُّ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى الْمُوصِلِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. وَلِمُسْلِمِ شَيْخٌ آخَرُ حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ تُوُفِّيَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ، وَسَيَأْتِي ذِكْرُهُ، فَلَا تَظُنَّ أَنَّهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، فَقَدِ ادَّعَى هَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، فَإِنَّهُ خَرَّجَ شُيُوخَ مُسْلِمٍ وَجَعَلَهُمَا وَاحِدًا، وَخَطَّأَ أَبَا يَعْلَى الْمُوصِلِيَّ، لِأَنَّهُ حَدَّثَ عَنْهُمَا فِي مُعْجَمِ مَشَايِخَهُ، وَفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَأَوْرَدَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ حَدِيثًا مُنْفَرِدًا، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى أَعْلَمُ بِمَشَايِخِهِ. يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا أَنَّ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَحْمَدَ الْحَرِيرِيَّ أَنْبَأَنَا عَنِ الْعِشَارِيِّ، عَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيِّ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ مَشَايِخَ مُسْلِمٍ الَّذِينَ أَخْرَجَ عَنْهُمْ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، فَقَالَ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الْأَحْوَلُ الْبَغْدَادَيُّ. وَقَالَ الْبَغَوِيُّ: مَاتَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ [أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ ] سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، [وَمَاتَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ] فَبَانَ وَهْمُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ. سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْمُبَارَكِيُّ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْمُبَارَكِيُّ . سَمِعَ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَبُو زُرْعَةَ، وَقَالَ: هُوَ ثِقَةٌ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَيُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَيُعْرَفُ بِابْنِ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ . كَانَ الْغَايَةَ فِي عِلْمِ اللُّغَةِ، وَمَعْرِفَةِ الْأَنْسَابِ وَالْأَيَّامِ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ الضَّرِيرِ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْحَرْبِيُّ، وَثَعْلَبٌ، وَغَيْرُهُمَا، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، وَكَانَ لَيْلُهُ أَحْسَنَ لَيْلٍ. وَتُوُفِّيَ بِسَامُرَّاءَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً، وَقِيلَ: تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثِينَ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ النَّحْوِيُّ الضَّرِيرُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُعْدَانَ، أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ النَّحْوِيُّ الضَّرِيرُ. كَانَ أَحَدَ الْقُرَّاءِ، وَلَهُ كِتَابٌ فِي الْقِرَاءَاتِ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، وَلَهُ كِتَابٌ فِي النَّحْوِ أَيْضًا. تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ، مَوْلَى قُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ . كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَدَبِ، وَصَنَّفَ كِتَابًا فِي طَبَقَاتِ الشُّعَرَاءِ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ حَمَادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، وَثَعْلَبٌ، قَالَ صَالِحٌ جَزَرَةُ الْحَافِظُ: كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ صَدُوقًا. وَقَالَ أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ: يُرْمَى بِالْقَدَرِ، لَا نَكْتُبُ عَنْهُ الْحَدِيثَ، إِنَّمَا نَكْتُبُ عَنْهُ الشِّعْرَ. وَقَالَ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَهِمِ: كَانَ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَاعْتَلَّ عِلَّةً شَدِيدَةً، فَمَا تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ، وَأَهْدَى إِلَيْهِ الْأَجِلَّاءُ أَطِبَّاءَهُمْ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ مَاسَوَيْهِ مِمَّنْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا جَسَّهُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ: مَا أَرَى بِكَ مِنَ الْعِلَّةِ مِثْلَ مَا أَرَى بِكَ مِنَ الْجَزَعِ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا ذَاكَ لِحِرْصٍ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا مَعَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً، وَلَكِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ فِي غَفْلَةٍ حَتَّى يُوقَظَ بِعِلَّةٍ، وَلَوْ وَقَفْتُ بِعَرَفَاتٍ وَقْفَةً وَزُرْتُ قَبْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ زَوْرَةً، وَقَضَيْتُ أَشْيَاءَ فِي نَفْسِي، لَرَأَيْتُ مَا اشْتَدَّ عَلَيَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْجَزَعِ قَدْ سَهُلَ، فَقَالَ [لَهُ ] ابْنُ مَاسَوَيْهِ فَلَا تَجْزَعْ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ فِي عَرَقِكَ مِنَ الْحَرَارَةِ الْغَرِيزِيَّةِ وَقُوَّتِهَا، مَا إِنْ سَلَّمَكَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْعَوَارِضِ بَلَّغَكَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ أُخْرَى، قَالَ حُسَيْنُ [بْنُ الْفَهِمِ ]: فَوَافَقَ كَلَامُهُ قَدَرًا، فَعَاشَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَمَاتَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. قَالَ النَّدِيمُ: وَقَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ قَالَ: ابْيَضَّتْ لِحْيَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَرَأْسُهُ وَلَهُ سَبْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً، وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: أَفْنَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَهْلِينَ تَزَوَّجْتُ وَأَطْفَلْتُ فَمَاتُوا، ثُمَّ فَعَلْتُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَمَاتُوا، ثُمَّ فَعَلْتُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَمَاتُوا، وَهَا أَنَا ذَا فِي الرَّابِعَةِ وَلِي أَوْلَادٌ. تُوُفِّيَ [مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَامٍ ] فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِبَغْدَادَ. أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ هَارُونُ بْنُ مَعْرُوفٍ، أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ . سَكَنَ بَغْدَادَ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، وَابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَهُشَيْمٌ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَالْبَغَوِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثِقَةً. أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ . مَنْسُوبٌ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: بُوَيْطٌ، وَكَانَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ يُقَرِّبُهُ وَيُؤْثِرُهُ، وَجَلَسَ بَعْدَهُ فِي مَكَانِهِ وَكَانَ فَقِيهًا ثِقَةً، وَكَانَ مُتَعَبِّدًا زَاهِدًا، وَحُمِلَ فِي أَيَّامِ الْمِحْنَةِ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ، فَحُبِسَ فَمَاتَ فِي الْحَبْسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَقَالَ أَبَا الْوَلِيدِ بْنَ أَبِي الْجَارُودِ: كَانَ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ جَارِي، فَمَا كُنْتُ أَنْتَبِهُ سَاعَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِلَّا وَأَسْمَعُهُ يَقْرَأُ وَيُصَلِّي. قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: كَانَ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ أَبَدًا يُحَرِّكُ شَفَتَيْهِ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى - أَوْ نَحْوِ مَا قَالَ. وَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْبُوَيْطِيَّ عَلَى بَغْلٍ، وَفِي عُنُقِهِ غُلٌّ، وَفِي رِجْلَيْهِ قَيْدٌ، وَبَيْنَ الْغُلِّ وَالْقَيْدِ سِلْسِلَةٌ حَدِيدٌ، وَفِيهَا طُوبَةٌ وَزْنُهَا أَرْبَعُونَ رَطْلًا، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ بِكُنْ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ كُنْ مَخْلُوقَةً، فَكَانَ مَخْلُوقًا خَلَقَ مَخْلُوقًا، فَوَ اللَّهِ لَأَمُوتَنَّ فِي حَدِيدِي هَذَا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مِنْ بَعْدِي قَوْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ فِي هَذَا الشَّأْنِ قَوْمٌ فِي حَدِيدِهِمْ، وَلَئِنْ أُدْخِلْتُ إِلَيْهِ لَأَصْدُقَنَّهُ - يَعْنِي الْوَاثِقَ - قَالَ الرَّبِيعُ: وَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ مِنَ السِّجْنِ [يَقُولُ: ] إِنَّهُ لَيَأْتِي عَلَيَّ أَوْقَاتٌ لَا أُحِسُّ بِالْحَدِيدِ أَنَّهُ عَلَى بَدَنِي حَتَّى تَمَسَّهُ يَدِي فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَأَحْسِنْ خُلُقَكَ مَعَ أَهْلِ حَلْقَتِكَ، وَاسْتَوْصِ بِالْغُرَبَاءِ خَاصَّةً خَيْرًا، فَكَثِيرًا مَا كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَتَمَثَّلُ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ: أُهِينُ لَهُمْ نَفْسِي لِكَيْ يُكْرِمُونَهَا وَلَا تُكْرِمُ النَّفْسَ الَّتِي لَا تُهِينُهَا تُوُفِّيَ الْبُوَيْطِيُّ فِي رَجَبٍ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. وَفِيهَا مَاتَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بِطَبَرِسْتَانَ. وَفِيهَا مَاتَتْ أُمُّ أَبِيهَا بِنْتُ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، أُخْتُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الرِّضَا، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَفِيهَا مَاتَ مُخَارِقٌ الْمُغَنِّي، وَأَبُو نَصْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ رَاوِيَةُ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ. وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ: عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ ( عَاصِمِ ) بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَّامِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْجُمَحِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِالْأَخْبَارِ وَأَيَّامِ النَّاسِ. سَلَّامُ: بِالتَّشْدِيدِ. وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُقَدَّمٍ أَبُو بِشْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ. وَمِمَّنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ أَيْضًا: كَامِلُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ الضَّرِيرُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ أَخُو حَجَّاجٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، رَاوِي الْمُوَطَّأِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the prominent figures who died in this year Aḥmad b. Naṣr b. Mālik b. al-Haytham Aḥmad b. Naṣr b. Mālik b. al-Haytham b. ʿAwf b. Wahb b. ʿUmayrah, from the descendants of ʿAmr b. Luḥayy [al-Khuzāʿī]. Concerning whom the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I saw ʿAmr b. Luḥayy dragging his intestines in the Fire," because he was the first to slit the ear of the baḥīrah and to let the sāʾibah go free. Mālik b. al-Haytham was one of the nuqabāʾ of the Banū al-ʿAbbās at the beginning of their dynasty, and the Suwayqat Naṣr in Baghdad is named after his father Naṣr. Aḥmad b. Naṣr was one of the major scholars, an enjoiner of good, a doer of good deeds, a speaker of truth. He heard from Mālik b. Anas, Ḥammād b. Zayd, Hushaym b. Bashīr, and others. Narrated from him: Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn and others. Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī said: Aḥmad b. Naṣr and Sahl b. Salāmah—when al-Maʾmūn was in Khurasan—received allegiance from the people for enjoining good and forbidding evil, until al-Maʾmūn entered Baghdad; then he dealt gently with Sahl until he wore the black and received stipends, while Aḥmad kept to his house. Then his movement stirred in Baghdad at the end of the days of al-Wāthiq, and a crowd of people gathered to him enjoining good and forbidding evil until they took control of Baghdad. Two men among his companions transgressed: one called Ṭālib in the western side, and the other called Abū Hārūn in the eastern side. They were wealthy, so they spent money and resolved to rise up in Baghdad at the end of the days of al-Wāthiq, in Shaʿbān of the year 231. Some people informed against them to Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm, so a group of them was seized, including Aḥmad b. Naṣr and his two companions Ṭālib and Abū Hārūn. He put Ṭālib and Abū Hārūn in chains, and found banners in the house of one of them. He beat a servant of Aḥmad b. Naṣr, who confessed that these people used to come to him at night and inform him of what they had done. Isḥāq then sent them in chains to Sāmarrāʾ. Al-Wāthiq sat for them and said to Aḥmad b. Naṣr: "Leave aside what you were taken for. What do you say about the Qurʾān?" He said: "It is the speech of God." He said: "Is it created?" He said: "It is the speech of God." He said: "Will you see your Lord on the Day of Resurrection?" He said: "Thus the report has come." He said: "Woe to you! Is He seen as something seen, limited, corporeal, contained by a place, and confined by the observer? I disbelieve in a Lord whose attribute is this. What do you say about him?" ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Isḥāq—who had been judge of the western side of Baghdad and was dismissed—said: "His blood is lawful." A group of jurists said: "As he said." Ibn Abī Duʾād pretended to be averse to killing him and said to al-Wāthiq: "O Commander of the Faithful, an old man with a disorder; perhaps he has an ailment or his mind has changed. Let his affair be postponed and let him be called to repent." Al-Wāthiq said: "I see him only as proclaiming unbelief, persisting in what he believes of it." He called for the ṣamṣāmah sword and said: "When I go to him, let no one rise with me, for I count my steps toward this unbeliever who worships a Lord whom we do not worship and do not know by the attribute with which he describes Him." Then he ordered a leather mat to be brought and he was seated on it [while fettered], and he ordered his head to be bound with a rope and ordered them to stretch it. He walked to him and struck his neck, and ordered his head to be carried to Baghdad, where it was set up in the eastern side for some days and in the western side for some days. He pursued the leaders of his companions and put them in prisons. In another report: Ṭālib and Abū Hārūn al-Sarrāj distributed money to a group of people and promised them a night on which they would beat the drum, and they would gather on its morning to rise against the sultan. The appointment was Thursday night, three nights remaining of Shaʿbān. They gave two men of the Banū Arshas [al-ʿĀbid] dinars to distribute among their neighbors. Some of them gathered over nabīdh, became drunk, and beat the drum on Wednesday night, thinking it was Thursday night. They beat it a lot, but no one gathered to them. The chief of police sent against them, questioned them, and they confessed. Aḥmad b. Naṣr was seized, fettered, and sent to al-Wāthiq. He did not mention to him what was said about the rebellion against him, but said: "What do you say about the Qurʾān? And will you see your Lord?" Then he mentioned something similar to what preceded until he said: Al-Wāthiq called for the sword of ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib, walked to him, and struck him a blow that landed on the shoulder strap. Then he struck him another on his head. Then Sīmā al-Dimashqī drew his sword and struck his neck, severed his head, and then he was crucified in the enclosure where Bābak was, with fetters on his legs, wearing trousers and a shirt. His head was carried to the City of Peace and set up in the eastern side for some days and in the western side for some days, then it was moved to the eastern side, an enclosure was built around the head, a tent was pitched over it, and guards were posted. Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Sayyārī said: I heard Abū al-ʿAbbās b. Saʿīd al-Marwazī say: I struck the neck of Aḥmad b. Naṣr, and this is the copy of the note hanging from his ear: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate: This is the head of Aḥmad b. Naṣr b. Mālik. ʿAbd Allāh the Imam Hārūn al-Wāthiq billāh, Commander of the Faithful, called him to the doctrine of the createdness of the Qurʾān and the denial of tashbīh, but he refused except obstinacy, so God hastened him to His fire. Written by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik. When al-Mutawakkil sat [on the throne], ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Yaḥyā al-Makkī entered upon him and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, nothing more astonishing has been seen than the affair of al-Wāthiq. He killed Aḥmad b. Naṣr, and his tongue kept reciting the Qurʾān until he was buried." He said: Al-Mutawakkil felt distress at that and was grieved by what he heard about his brother. Then Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Zayyāt entered upon him, and he said to him: "O Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, in my heart there is something about the killing of Aḥmad b. Naṣr." He said: "O Commander of the Faithful, may God burn me with fire if the Commander of the Faithful al-Wāthiq killed him except as an unbeliever." He said: Then Harthamah entered, and he said: "O Harthamah, in my soul there is something about the killing of Aḥmad b. Naṣr." He said: "O Commander of the Faithful, may God cut me into pieces if the Commander of the Faithful al-Wāthiq killed him except as an unbeliever." He said: Then Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād entered upon him, and he said: "O Aḥmad, in my heart there is something about the killing of Aḥmad b. Naṣr." He said: "O Commander of the Faithful, may God strike me with hemiplegia if the Commander of the Faithful al-Wāthiq killed him except as an unbeliever." Al-Mutawakkil said: "As for Ibn al-Zayyāt, I burned him with fire. As for Harthamah, he fled, and he passed by a tribe of Khuzāʿah, and they cut him into pieces. As for Ibn Abī Duʾād, God has imprisoned him in his own skin." Ibrāhīm b. Ismāʿīl b. Khalaf said: Aḥmad b. Naṣr was left alone, but when he was killed in the miḥnah and his head was crucified, I was told that the head recited the Qurʾān. I went and spent the night near the head, overlooking it. There were foot soldiers and horsemen guarding it. When eyes grew quiet, I heard the head reciting: "Alif Lām Mīm. Do people think that they will be left to say, 'We believe,' and they will not be tested?"—the verse. My skin shivered. Then I saw him afterwards in a dream, wearing fine silk and brocade, with a crown on his head. I said: "What has God done with you, my brother?" He said: "He forgave me and admitted me to Paradise, except that I was grieved for three days." I said: "Why?" He said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ passed by me, and when he reached my wood, he turned his face away from me. I said to him afterwards: 'O Messenger of God, was I killed upon truth or falsehood?' He said: 'You are upon truth, but a man of my household killed you. When I reach you, I feel ashamed before you.'" Abū Bakr al-Muṭawwiʿī said: When the head of Aḥmad b. Naṣr was brought, they crucified it on the bridge. The wind kept turning it away from the qiblah, so they assigned a man with a reed or spear; whenever it turned toward the qiblah, he turned it away from the qiblah. Al-Sarrāj said: Aḥmad b. Naṣr was killed on Saturday, the first of Ramaḍān in the year 231, and his head was taken down while I was present in Baghdad on Tuesday, three nights remaining of Shawwāl in the year 237. Al-Khaṭīb [Aḥmad b. ʿAlī] said: The head of Aḥmad b. Naṣr remained set up in Baghdad and his body crucified in Sāmarrāʾ for six years, until it was taken down and his head and body were joined and he was buried in the eastern side, in the cemetery known as al-Mālikiyyah. Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī al-Baṣrī Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad b. ʿArʿarah b. al-Yazīd, Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī al-Baṣrī. He resided in Baghdad and transmitted hadith there from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān, Ibn Mahdī, Ghundar, and others. Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī said: He is truthful. Yaḥyā said: He is reliable. He died in Ramaḍān of this year. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī al-Muhājir Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī al-Muhājir, client of the Banū Makhzūm. A Damascene. He governed Ifrīqiyyah for ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. He died in this year. Abū al-Haytham al-Sarrāj Khālid b. Mirdās, Abū al-Haytham al-Sarrāj. He transmitted from Ismāʿīl b. ʿAyyāsh and Ibn al-Mubārak. Narrated from him: al-Baghawī. He was reliable. He died in Shaʿbān of this year. Abū Muḥammad al-Mukharrimī, client of the Mahālibah Khalaf b. Sālim, Abū Muḥammad al-Mukharrimī, client of the Mahālibah. He was a Sindī. He heard from Abū Bakr b. ʿAyyāsh, Hushaym, Ibn Mahdī, Ibn ʿUlayyah, Abū Nuʿaym, and Yazīd b. Hārūn. Narrated from him: Yaʿqūb b. Shaybah and Aḥmad b. Khaythamah. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: We do not doubt his truthfulness. He died in Ramaḍān of this year. Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Aḥwal al-Khatlī al-Baghdādī Sulaymān b. Dāwūd b. al-Rashīd, Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Aḥwal al-Khatlī al-Baghdādī. This is not the well-known Dāwūd b. Rashīd; this is another. Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, Abū Zurʿah al-Rāzī, and Abū Yaʿlā al-Mawṣilī transmitted from him. He was reliable. He died on Saturday, the first day of Ramaḍān of this year. Muslim had another shaykh from whom he transmitted in his Ṣaḥīḥ, called Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī. He died in the year 234, and his mention will come later. Do not think they are one. Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Aṣfahānī al-Ḥāfiẓ claimed this, for he listed the shaykhs of Muslim and made them one, and he declared Abū Yaʿlā al-Mawṣilī mistaken, because he transmitted from both of them in his Muʿjam Mashāyikhihi and distinguished between them, citing a unique hadith for each. But Abū Yaʿlā knows his own shaykhs better. Evidence for the correctness of this is that Abū al-Qāsim Hibat Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Ḥarīrī informed us, on the authority of al-ʿIshārī, from al-Dāraquṭnī, that he mentioned the shaykhs of Muslim from whom he quoted in the Ṣaḥīḥ, and said: Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī, and Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Aḥwal al-Baghdādī. Al-Baghawī said: Sulaymān b. Dāwūd [Abū al-Rabīʿ] died in the year 231, [and Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū al-Rabīʿ al-Zahrānī died in the year 234]. Thus the error of Abū Bakr al-Aṣfahānī became clear. Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū Dāwūd al-Mubārakī Sulaymān b. Dāwūd Abū Dāwūd al-Mubārakī. He heard from Yaḥyā b. Abī Zāʾidah. Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj and Abū Zurʿah transmitted from him, and he said: He is reliable. He died in Dhū al-Qiʿdah of this year. Abū ʿAbd Allāh, client of the Banū Hāshim, known as Ibn al-Aʿrābī Muḥammad b. Ziyād, Abū ʿAbd Allāh, client of the Banū Hāshim, known as Ibn al-Aʿrābī. He was the ultimate in the science of language, knowledge of genealogies and battle-days. He transmitted from Abū Muʿāwiyah al-Ḍarīr. Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī, Thaʿlab, and others transmitted from him. He was reliable, and his nights were the best of nights. He died in Sāmarrāʾ in this year, at the age of eighty. It is said he died in the year 230, but the first is more correct. Abū Jaʿfar al-Naḥwī al-Ḍarīr Muḥammad b. Saʿdān, Abū Jaʿfar al-Naḥwī al-Ḍarīr. He was one of the reciters and had a book on Qurʾānic readings. He was reliable, and he also had a book on grammar. He died on the Day of ʿArafah in this year. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī Muḥammad b. Sallām b. ʿUbayd Allāh, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī, client of Qudāmah b. Maẓʿūn. He was a man of letters and composed a book on the classes of poets. He transmitted from Ḥammād b. Salamah and others. ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad and Thaʿlab transmitted from him. Ṣāliḥ Jazarah al-Ḥāfiẓ said: Muḥammad b. Sallām was truthful. Abū Khaythamah said: He is accused of Qadarism; we do not write hadith from him, only poetry. Ḥusayn b. al-Fahm said: Muḥammad b. Sallām came to us in the year 222 and fell severely ill, but no one stayed away from him, and the notables sent their physicians to him. Ibn MāsaWAYH was among those sent. When he felt his pulse and looked at him, he said to him: "I do not see in you an illness like the anxiety I see in you." He said: "By God, that is not out of greed for this world at eighty-two years, but man is in heedlessness until awakened by illness. If I had stood at ʿArafāt once, visited the tomb of the Messenger of God ﷺ once, and fulfilled some things in my heart, I would find this severe anxiety easy." Ibn MāsaWAYH said to him: "Do not be anxious, for I have seen in your sweat such innate heat and strength that if God preserves you from accidents, you will reach another ten years." Ḥusayn [b. al-Fahm] said: His words coincided with destiny, for Muḥammad lived ten years after that and died in the year 232. Al-Nadīm said: And al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥubāb said: The beard and head of Muḥammad b. Sallām turned white when he was twenty-seven. I heard him say: "I exhausted three wives—I married and had children, and they died; then I did the same, and they died; then I did a third time, and they died. Here I am in the fourth, and I have children." Muḥammad b. Sallām died in this year in Baghdad. Abū ʿAlī al-Marwazī Hārūn b. Maʿrūf, Abū ʿAlī al-Marwazī. He resided in Baghdad and transmitted there from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Darāwardī, Ibn ʿUyaynah, and Hushaym. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and al-Baghawī transmitted from him. He was reliable. Abū Yaʿqūb al-Buwayṭī And he died in Ramadan of this year. Yusuf b. Yahya, Abu Ya'qub al-Buwayti. Attributed to a village called Buwayt. Al-Shafi'i ؓ used to draw him near and favor him, and he sat in his place after him. He was a trustworthy jurist, devout and ascetic. He was taken to Baghdad during the inquisition but did not comply, so he was imprisoned and died in prison in this year. Abu al-Walid b. Abi al-Jarud said: Abu Ya'qub al-Buwayti was my neighbor. I never woke at any hour of the night except that I heard him reciting and praying. Al-Rabi' said: Abu Ya'qub was always moving his lips with the remembrance of Allah Almighty — or something like what he said. He said: I saw al-Buwayti on a mule, with a collar around his neck and shackles on his legs, and between the collar and the shackles an iron chain, and in it a block weighing forty ratls, while he was saying: "Allah only created creation with 'Be,' so if 'Be' is created, then a created thing created a created thing. By Allah, I shall certainly die in these irons of mine until people come after me who know that in this matter people have died in their irons. And if I am brought before him, I shall certainly speak truthfully to him" — meaning al-Wathiq. Al-Rabi' said: He wrote to me from prison, saying: 'There come upon me times when I do not feel the iron on my body until my hand touches it. When you read this letter of mine, improve your conduct with the people of your circle, and especially take good care of the strangers. How often I heard al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, quoting this verse: I humble my soul for them so that they may honor it; and the soul that does not humble itself is not honored.' Al-Buwayti died in Rajab of this year. It is also said: in the year 232 AH, but the former is more correct. In it al-Hasan b. al-Husayn died in Tabaristan. In it Umm Abiha bt. Musa b. Ja'far, the sister of 'Ali b. al-Rida, ﷺ, died. In it died Mukhariq the singer, and Abu Nasr Ahmad b. Hatim, the transmitter of al-Asma'i, and 'Amr b. Abi 'Amr al-Shaybani. In it died 'Asim b. 'Ali b. 'Asim b. Suhayb al-Wasiti, and Muhammad b. Sallam b. 'Ubayd Allah al-Jumahi al-Basri, who was learned in historical accounts and the battles of the people. Sallam: with a shadda. And 'Asim b. 'Umar b. 'Ali b. Muqaddam Abu Bishr al-Muqaddami. Among the notables who died in it also were: Kamil b. Talha, Muhammad b. Minhal al-Darir, Muhammad b. Minhal the brother of Hajjaj, and Yahya b. 'Abd Allah b. Bukayr, the transmitter of the Muwatta' from Malik.
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