Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3331
The Year 231 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ مَا فَعَلَهُ بُغَا بِالْأَعْرَابِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قَتَلَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مَنْ كَانَ فِي حَبْسِ بُغَا مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ وَبَنِي هِلَالٍ. ( وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ بُغَا لَمَّا حَبَسَ مَنْ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ وَبَنِي هِلَالٍ ) بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ سَارَ عَنِ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى بَنِي مُرَّةَ، فَنَقَبَتِ الْأَسْرَى الْحَبْسَ لِيَخْرُجُوا، فَرَأَتِ امْرَأَةٌ النَّقْبَ، فَصَرَخَتْ بِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَجَاؤُوا، فَوَجَدُوهُمْ قَدْ قَتَلُوا الْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ، وَأَخَذُوا سِلَاحَهُمْ، فَاجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ ( وَمَنَعُوهُمُ الْخُرُوجَ، وَبَاتُوا حَوْلَ الدَّارِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ قَتَلَهُمْ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ )، وَقَتَلَ سُودَانُ الْمَدِينَةِ كُلَّ مَنْ لَقُوهُ بِهَا مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مِمَّنْ يُرِيدُ الْمِيرَةَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ بُغَا وَعَلِمَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ. وَقِيلَ إِنَّ السَّجَّانَ كَانَ قَدِ ارْتَشَى مِنْهُمْ لِيَفْتَحَ لَهُمُ الْبَابَ، فَعَجَّلُوا قَبْلَ مِيعَادِهِ، وَكَانُوا يَرْتَجِزُونَ: الْمَوْتُ خَيْرٌ لِلْفَتَى مِنَ الْعَارْ قَدْ أَخَذَ الْبَوَّابُ أَلْفَ دِينَارْ وَكَانَ سَبَبُ غَيْبَةِ بُغَا عَنْهُمْ أَنَّ فَزَارَةَ وَمُرَّةَ تَغَلَّبُوا عَلَى فَدَكَ، فَلَمَّا قَارَبَهُمْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَمَانَ، وَيَأْتِيهِ بِأَخْبَارِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُمُ الْفَزَارِيُّ حَذَّرَهُمْ سَطْوَتَهُ، فَهَرَبُوا، وَخَلُّوا فَدَكَ، وَقَصَدُوا الشَّامَ. ( وَأَقَامَ بُغَا بِجَنَفَا، وَهِيَ قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ حَدِّ عَمَلِ الشَّامِ ) مِمَّا يَلِي الْحِجَازَ، نَحْوًا مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بِمَنْ ظَفِرَ [ بِهِ ] مِنْ بَنِي مُرَّةَ وَفَزَارَةَ. وَفِيهَا سَارَ إِلَى بُغَا مِنْ بُطُونِ غَطَفَانَ، وَفَزَارَةَ، وَأَشْجَعَ، وَثَعْلَبَةَ، جَمَاعَةٌ، وَكَانَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْهُ اسْتَحْلَفَهُمُ الْأَيْمَانَ الْمُؤَكَّدَةَ أَنْ لَا يَتَخَلَّفُوا عَنْهُ مَتَى دَعَاهُمْ، فَحَلَفُوا، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى ضَرِيَّةَ لِطَلَبِ بَنِي كِلَابٍ، فَأَتَاهُ مِنْهُمْ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ رَجُلٍ، فَحَبَسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَسَادِ نَحْوًا مِنْ أَلْفِ رَجُلٍ، وَخَلَّى سَائِرَهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ بِهِمُ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَحَبَسَهُمْ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَحَجَّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. ذِكْرُ عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَرَادَ الْوَاثِقُ الْحَجَّ، فَوَجَّهَ عُمَرَ بْنَ فَرَجٍ لِإِصْلَاحِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَرَجَعَ وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِقِلَّةِ الْمَاءِ، فَبَدَا لَهُ. وَفِيهَا وَلِيَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ الْيَمَنَ، فَسَارَ فِي شَعْبَانَ، وَحَجَّ فِي طَرِيقِهِ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ وَأَلْفُ رَاجِلٍ. نَقَبَتِ اللُّصُوصُ بَيْتَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي فِي دَارِ الْعَامَّةِ وَفِيهَا نَقَبَ اللُّصُوصُ بَيْتَ الْمَالِ الَّذِي فِي دَارِ الْعَامَّةِ، وَأَخَذُوا اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَشَيْئًا يَسِيرًا مِنَ الدَّنَانِيرِ، ثُمَّ تُتُبِّعُوا وَأُخِذُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. خُرُوجُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْخَارِجِيِّ وَفِيهَا خَرَجَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْخَارِجِيُّ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ فِي ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فِي دِيَارِ رَبِيعَةَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ غَانِمُ بْنُ أَبِي مُسْلِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى حَرْبِ الْمَوْصِلِ، فِي مِثْلِ عُدَّتِهِ، فَقَتَلَ مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ أَرْبَعَةً، وَأَخَذَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَسِيرًا، فَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى سَامَرَّا فَحُبِسَ. قُدُومُ وَصِيفٍ التُّرْكِيِّ وَفِيهَا قَدِمَ وَصِيفٌ التُّرْكِيُّ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ أَصْبَهَانَ، وَالْجِبَالِ، وَفَارِسَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ سَارَ فِي طَلَبِ الْأَكْرَادِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدْ أَفْسَدُوا بِهَذِهِ النَّوَاحِي، وَقَدِمَ مَعَهُ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ خَمْسِ مِائَةِ نَفْسٍ فِيهِمْ غِلْمَانٌ صِغَارٌ، فَحُبِسُوا، وَأُجِيزَ وَصَيْفٌ بِخَمْسَةٍ وَسَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَقُلِّدَ سَيْفًا. بعث جيش المسلمين إلى جليقية ( وَفِيهَا سَارَ جَيْشٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَقَصَدُوا جِلِّيقِيَّةَ، وَقَتَلُوا، وَأَسَرُوا، وَسَبَوْا، وَغَنِمُوا، وَوَصَلُوا إِلَى مَدِينَةِ لِيُونَ، فَحَصَرُوهَا، وَرَمَوْهَا بِالْمَجَانِيقِ، فَخَافَ أَهْلُهَا، فَتَرَكُوهَا بِمَا فِيهَا، وَخَرَجُوا هَارِبِينَ، فَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَرَادُوا، وَخَرَّبُوا الْبَاقِي، وَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى هَدْمِ سُورِهَا، فَتَرَكُوهَا وَمَضَوْا، لِأَنَّ عَرْضَهُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ ذِرَاعًا، وَقَدْ ثَلِمُوا فِيهِ ثُلَمًا كَثِيرَةً ). الْفِدَاءُ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالرُّومِ وَفِيهَا كَانَ الْفِدَاءُ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالرُّومِ ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيهَا عَلَى نَهْرِ اللَّامِسِ، عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ طَرَسُوسَ، وَاشْتَرَى الْوَاثِقُ مَنْ بِبَغْدَاذَ وَغَيْرِهَا مِنَ الرُّومِ. وَعَقَدَ الْوَاثِقُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلْمِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ عَلَى الثُّغُورِ وَالْعَوَاصِمِ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِحُضُورِ الْفِدَاءِ هُوَ وَخَاقَانُ الْخَادِمُ، وَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يَمْتَحِنَا أَسْرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَمَنْ قَالَ: الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُرَى فِي الْآخِرَةِ، فُودِيَ بِهِ، وَأُعْطِيَ دِينَارًا، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ تُرِكَ فِي أَيْدِي الرُّومِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي عَاشُورَاءَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَثَلَاثِينَ اجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَى عَلَى النَّهْرِ، وَأَتَتِ الرُّومُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَى، وَكَانَ النَّهْرُ بَيْنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُطْلِقُونَ الْأَسِيرَ، فَيُطْلِقُ الرُّومُ الْأَسِيرَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَيَلْتَقِيَانِ فِي وَسَطِ النَّهْرِ، وَيَأْتِي هَذَا أَصْحَابَهُ، فَإِذَا وَصَلَ الْأَسِيرُ إِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَبَّرُوا، وَإِذَا وَصَلَ الْأَسِيرُ إِلَى الرُّومِ صَاحُوا، حَتَّى فَرَغُوا. وَكَانَ عِدَّةُ أَسْرَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَأَرْبَعَ مِائَةٍ وَسِتِّينَ نَفْسًا، وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ ثَمَانِيَ مِائَةٍ، وَأَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِائَةَ نَفْسٍ. وَكَانَ النَّهْرُ مَخَاضَةً تَعْبُرُهُ الْأَسْرَى، وَقِيلَ بَلْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ جِسْرٌ. وَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنَ الْفِدَاءِ غَزَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلْمٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ شَاتِيًا، فَأَصَابَ النَّاسَ ثَلْجٌ وَمَطَرٌ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ مِائَتَا نَفْسٍ، وَأُسِرَ نَحْوُهُمْ، وَغَرِقَ بالبدندونِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَوَجَدَ الْوَاثِقُ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ، وَكَانَ قَدْ جَاءَ إِلَى أَحْمَدَ بِطَرِيقٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ، فَقَالَ وُجُوهُ النَّاسِ لِأَحْمَدَ: إِنَّ عَسْكَرًا فِيهِ سَبْعَةُ آلَافٍ لَا تَتَخَوَّفُ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنْ ( كُنْتَ كَذَلِكَ فَوَاجِهِ الْقَوْمَ وَاطْرُقْ بِلَادَهُمْ، فَفَعَلَ، وَغَنِمَ نَحْوًا مِنْ أَلْفِ بَقَرَةٍ وَعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ شَاةٍ وَخَرَجَ، فَعَزَلَهُ الْوَاثِقُ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ مَكَانَهُ نَصْرَ بْنَ حَمْزَةَ الْخُزَاعِيَّ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى.
Translation
✧ Then the year 231 AH commenced. Mention of what Bughā did to the Arabs In this year, the people of al-Madīnah killed those of Banū Sulaym and Banū Hilāl who were in Bughā's prison. ( The reason for that was that when Bughā imprisoned those he had seized from Banū Sulaym and Banū Hilāl ) in al-Madīnah, and they were one thousand three hundred, and he had gone from al-Madīnah to Banū Murrah, the captives dug a breach in the prison to escape. A woman saw the breach and cried out to the people of al-Madīnah. They came and found that they had killed the guards and taken their weapons. The people of al-Madīnah gathered against them ( and prevented them from getting out, and spent the night around the house, fighting them. When morning came, the people of al-Madīnah killed them ), and the blacks of al-Madīnah killed every Arab they encountered there who had come seeking provisions. When Bughā arrived and learned of their killing, that distressed him. It was said that the jailer had taken a bribe from them to open the door for them, but they acted before the appointed time, reciting: Death is better for a young man than disgrace; The doorkeeper has taken a thousand dinars. The reason for Bughā's absence from them was that Fazārah and Murrah had seized control of Fadak. When he approached them, he sent a man from his commanders to offer them safe-conduct and bring him news of them. When the Fazārī came to them, he warned them of his might, so they fled, abandoning Fadak, and headed for Syria. ( Bughā stayed at Janafā, which is a village on the border of Syria ) adjoining the Hijaz, for about forty nights, then returned to al-Madīnah with those he had captured from Banū Murrah and Fazārah. In this year, a group from the clans of Ghaṭafān, Fazārah, Ashjaʿ, and Thaʿlabah came to Bughā. He had sent for them. When they came to him, he made them swear solemn oaths that they would not fail him whenever he summoned them, and they swore. Then he marched to Ḍariyyah in pursuit of Banū Kilāb. About three thousand men of them came to him. He imprisoned about a thousand of the troublemakers and released the rest. Then he brought them to al-Madīnah in Ramadan of the year 231 AH and imprisoned them. Then he went to Makkah, performed the pilgrimage, and returned to al-Madīnah. Mention of several events In this year, al-Wāthiq wanted to perform the pilgrimage, so he sent ʿUmar b. Faraj to repair the road. He returned and informed him of the scarcity of water, so he changed his mind. In it, Jaʿfar b. Dīnār was appointed over Yemen. He set out in Shaʿbān and performed the pilgrimage on his way. He had with him four thousand cavalry and one thousand infantry. The thieves breached the treasury in the public house In it, thieves breached the treasury in the public house and took forty-two thousand dirhams and a small amount of dinars. They were later pursued and captured. The rising of Muḥammad b. ʿAmr the Kharijite In it, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh the Kharijite al-Thaʿlabī rose with thirteen men in the lands of Rabīʿah. Ghānim b. Abī Muslim b. Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī, who was in charge of the war of al-Mawṣil, went out against him with the same number. He killed four of the Kharijites and took Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh captive. He sent him to Sāmarrā, where he was imprisoned. The arrival of Waṣīf the Turk In it, Waṣīf the Turk arrived from the direction of Iṣbahān, the mountains, and Fārs. He had gone in pursuit of the Kurds because they had caused corruption in those areas. He brought with him about five hundred persons, including young boys, who were imprisoned. Waṣīf was rewarded with seventy-five thousand dinars and girded with a sword. The dispatch of the Muslim army to Galicia ( In it, a Muslim army marched to the land of the polytheists. They headed for Galicia, killing, capturing, taking captives, and seizing booty. They reached the city of Lyon and besieged it, hurling stones at it with mangonels. Its people feared, so they abandoned it with everything in it and fled. The Muslims took from it what they wanted and destroyed the rest. They could not demolish its wall, so they left it and went on, because its width was seventeen cubits, and they had made many breaches in it ). The ransom exchange between the Muslims and the Byzantines In it, the ransom exchange between the Muslims and the Byzantines took place. The Muslims gathered for it at the Lāmis River, a day's journey from Ṭarsūs. Al-Wāthiq purchased those in Baghdād and elsewhere from the Byzantines. Al-Wāthiq appointed Aḥmad b. Saʿīd b. Salm b. Qutaybah al-Bāhilī over the frontiers and strongholds, and ordered him and Khāqān the servant to attend the ransom exchange. He commanded them to test the Muslim captives: whoever said that the Qurʾān was created and that God would not be seen in the Hereafter was ransomed and given a dinar; whoever did not say that was left in the hands of the Byzantines. When it was ʿĀshūrāʾ of the year 231 AH, the Muslims and the captives with them gathered at the river, and the Byzantines came with the captives they held. The river was between the two parties. The Muslims would release a captive, and the Byzantines would release a Muslim captive, and they would meet in the middle of the river, each going to his own people. When a captive reached the Muslims, they shouted Allāhu akbar, and when a captive reached the Byzantines, they cried out, until they were done. The number of Muslim captives was four thousand four hundred and sixty persons, the women and children eight hundred, and the protected people of the Muslims one hundred. The river was a ford that the captives crossed, but it was said there was a bridge over it. When they finished the ransom, Aḥmad b. Saʿīd b. Salm al-Bāhilī raided in winter. The people were hit by snow and rain, and two hundred of them died, and about the same number were captured, and many drowned at al-Badandūn. Al-Wāthiq was angry with Aḥmad. A road from the Byzantines had come to Aḥmad, and the notables of the people said to Aḥmad: "An army of seven thousand need not be feared. If you are thus, face the enemy and raid their lands." He did so and captured about a thousand cows and ten thousand sheep, and returned. Al-Wāthiq dismissed him and appointed in his place Naṣr b. Ḥamzah al-Khuzāʿī in Jumādā al-Ūlā.
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