Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3305
The Year 219 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعَ عَشَرَةَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ خِلَافِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْعَلَوِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ظَهَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، بِالطَّالَقَانِ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ، يَدْعُو إِلَى الرِّضَى مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. وَكَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ أَمْرِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُلَازِمًا مَسْجِدَ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ، فَأَتَاهُ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ اسْمُهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ كَانَ مُجَاوِرًا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَعْجَبَهُ طَرِيقُهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِالْإِمَامَةِ مِنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ، وَحَسَّنَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَبَايَعَهُ، وَصَارَ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ يَأْتِيهِ بِالنَّفَرِ مِنْ حُجَّاجِ خُرَاسَانَ يُبَايِعُونَهُ، فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مُدَّةً. فَلَمَّا رَأَى كَثْرَةَ مَنْ بَايَعَهُ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ سَارُوا جَمِيعًا إِلَى الْجُوزَجَانِ، وَاخْتَفَى هُنَالِكَ، وَجَعَلَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ يَدْعُو النَّاسَ إِلَيْهِ، فَعَظُمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَحَمَلَهُ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَى إِظْهَارِ أَمْرِهِ، فَأَظْهَرَهُ بِالطَّالَقَانِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ بِهَا نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُوَّادِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ وَقَعَاتٌ بِنَاحِيَةِ الطَّالَقَانِ وَجِبَالِهَا، فَانْهَزَمَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَخَرَجَ هَارِبًا يُرِيدُ بَعْضَ كُوَرِ خُرَاسَانَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا كَاتَبُوهُ. فَلَمَّا صَارَ بِنَسَا، وَبِهَا وَالِدُ بَعْضِ مَنْ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا بَصُرَ بِهِ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَمَضَى الْأَبُ إِلَى عَامِلِ نَسَا، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِأَمْرِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ، فَأَعْطَاهُ الْعَامِلُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى دِلَالَتِهِ، وَجَاءَ الْعَامِلُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ وَاسْتَوْثَقَ مِنْهُ، وَبَعَثَهُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَى الْمُعْتَصِمِ، فَوَرَدَ إِلَيْهِ مُنْتَصَفَ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، فَحُبِسَ عِنْدَ مَسْرُورٍ الْخَادِمِ الْكَبِيرِ، وَأَجْرَى عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامَ، وَوَكَّلَ بِهِ قَوْمًا يَحْفَظُونَهُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ لَيْلَةَ الْفِطْرِ اشْتَغَلَ النَّاسُ بِالْعِيدِ، فَهَرَبَ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ؛ دُلِّيَ إِلَيْهِ حَبْلٌ مِنْ كُوَّةٍ كَانَتْ [ فِي أَعْلَى الْبَيْتِ ] يَدْخُلُ [ عَلَيْهِ ] مِنْهَا الضَّوْءُ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا أَتَوْهُ بِالطَّعَامِ، فَلَمْ يَرَوْهُ، فَجَعَلُوا لِمَنْ دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَلَمْ يُعْرَفْ لَهُ خَبَرٌ. بعث المعتصم عجيف بن عنبسة لمحاربة الزط ذِكْرُ مُحَارِبَةِ الزُّطِّ وَفِيهَا وَجَّهَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ عُجَيْفَ بْنَ عَنْبَسَةَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ لِحَرْبِ الزُّطِّ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا غَلَبُوا عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَعَاثُوا، وَأَخَذُوا الْغَلَّاتِ مِنَ الْبَيَادِرَ بِكَسْكَرَ وَمَا يَلِيهَا مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَأَخَافُوا السَّبِيلَ، وَرَتَّبَ عُجَيْفٌ الْخَيْلَ فِي كُلِّ سِكَّةٍ مِنْ سِكَكِ الْبَرِيدِ، تَرْكُضُ بِالْأَخْبَارِ، فَكَانَ يَأْتِي بِالْأَخْبَارِ مِنْ عُجَيْفٍ فِي يَوْمٍ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ تَحْتَ وَاسِطَ، وَأَقَامَ عَلَى نَهْرٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَرْدُودَا ( حَتَّى سَدَّهُ وَأَنْهَارًا أُخَرَ كَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَدْخُلُونَ ) وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الطُّرُقَ، ثُمَّ حَارَبَهُمْ، فَأَسَرَ مِنْهُمْ فِي مَعْرَكَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ خَمْسَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، وَقَتَلَ فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ، فَضَرَبَ أَعْنَاقَ الْأَسْرَى، وَبَعَثَ الرُّؤُوسَ إِلَى بَابِ الْمُعْتَصِمِ. ثُمَّ أَقَامَ عُجَيْفٌ بِإِزَاءِ الزُّطِّ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، فَظَفِرَ مِنْهُمْ فِيهَا بِخَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ. وَكَانَ رَئِيسُ الزُّطِّ رَجُلًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: ( مُحَمَّدُ ) بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ أَمْرِهِ إِنْسَانًا يُقَالُ لَهُ سُمَاقٌ. ثُمَّ اسْتَوْطَنَ عُجَيْفٌ، وَأَقَامَ بِإِزَائِهِمْ سَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. ذِكْرُ مُحَاصَرَةِ طُلَيْطِلَةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ سَيَّرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ الْأُمَوِيُّ، صَاحِبُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، جَيْشًا مَعَ ( أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ ) إِلَى مَدِينَةِ طُلَيْطِلَةَ فَحَصَرَهَا، وَكَانُوا قَدْ خَالَفُوا الْحُكْمَ، وَخَرَجُوا عَنِ الطَّاعَةِ، وَاشْتَدَّ فِي حَصْرِهِمْ، وَقَطَّعَ أَشْجَارَهُمْ، وَأَهْلَكَ زُرُوعَهُمْ، فَلَمْ يُذْعِنُوا إِلَى الطَّاعَةِ، فَرَحَلَ عَنْهُمْ، وَأَنْزَلَ بِقَلْعَةِ رَبَاحٍ جَيْشًا عَلَيْهِمْ مَيْسَرَةُ، الْمَعْرُوفُ بِفَتَى أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، فَلَمَّا أُبْعِدُوا مِنْهُ خَرَجَ جَمْعٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ طُلَيْطِلَةَ، لَعَلَّهُمْ يَجِدُونَ فُرْصَةً وَغَفْلَةً مِنْ مَيْسَرَةَ، فَيَنَالُوا مِنْهُ وَمِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ غَرَضًا، وَكَانَ مَيْسَرَةُ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ، فَجَعَلَ الْكَمِينَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ أَهْلُ طُلَيْطِلَةَ إِلَى قَلْعَةِ رَبَاحٍ لِلْغَارَةِ، خَرَجَ الْكَمِينُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ جَوَانِبِهِمْ، وَوَضَعُوا السَّيْفَ فِيهِمْ، وَأَكْثَرُوا الْقَتْلَ، وَعَادَ مَنْ سَلِمَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى طُلَيْطِلَةَ، وَجُمِّعَتْ رُؤُوسُ الْقَتْلَى، وَحُمِلَتْ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى كَثْرَتَهَا عَظُمَتْ عَلَيْهِ، وَارْتَاعَ لِذَلِكَ، وَوَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ غَمًّا شَدِيدًا، فَمَاتَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ يَسِيرَةٍ. فتنة كبير بطليطلة وَفِيهَا أَيْضًا كَانَ بِطُلَيْطِلَةَ فِتْنَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ، تُعْرَفُ بِمَلْحَمَةِ الْعَرَاسِ، قُتِلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا كَثِيرٌ. ذِكْرُ عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ [ مِحْنَةُ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ ] وَفِيهَا أَحْضَرَ الْمُعْتَصِمُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، وَامْتَحَنَهُ بِالْقُرْآنِ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِخَلْقِهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُلِدَ جَلْدًا عَظِيمًا حَتَّى غَابَ عَقْلُهُ، وَتَقَطَّعَ جِلْدُهُ، وَحُبِسَ مُقَيَّدًا. وَفِيهَا قَدِمَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فِي جُمَادَى الْأُولَى، وَمَعَهُ مِنْ أَسْرَى الْخُرَّمِيَّةِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ نَحْوَ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ سِوَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ.
Translation
✧ Then the year 219 AH commenced. Mention of the revolt of Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim al-ʿAlawī In this year, Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ﷺ appeared in al-Ṭālaqān in Khurāsān, calling for al-Riḍā among the family of Muḥammad ﷺ. The beginning of his affair was that he used to keep to the Mosque of the Prophet ﷺ, with good conduct. A man from Khurāsān named Abū Muḥammad, who was a neighbor, came to him. When he saw him, he admired his way, so he said to him: "You are more entitled to the imamate than anyone else," and made this seem good to him, and pledged allegiance to him. The Khurāsānī began bringing groups of Khurāsān pilgrims to pledge allegiance to him, and this went on for some time. When he saw the large number of those who pledged allegiance to him from Khurāsān, they all traveled to al-Jūzjān, and he hid there. Abū Muḥammad began calling people to him, and his companions grew numerous. Abū Muḥammad urged him to make his affair public, so he proclaimed it in al-Ṭālaqān. Many people gathered to him there, and battles took place between him and the commanders of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir in the vicinity of al-Ṭālaqān and its mountains. He and his companions were defeated, and he fled, heading for some districts of Khurāsān whose people had written to him. When he reached Nasā, where the father of one of his companions was governor, that man saw him and asked him about the news, and he told him. The father went to the governor of Nasā and informed him about Muḥammad b. al-Qāsim. The governor gave him ten thousand dirhams for guiding him. The governor came to Muḥammad, seized him, and bound him securely. He sent him to ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir, who forwarded him to al-Muʿtaṣim. He arrived in the middle of Rabīʿ al-Awwal and was imprisoned with Masrūr the elder servant, provided with food, and guarded by people. On the night of the Festival of Breaking the Fast, people were busy with the festival, and he escaped from prison: a rope was lowered to him through an opening that was in the upper part of the room, through which light entered. When morning came, they brought him food and did not see him; they offered a hundred thousand for anyone who could indicate him, but no news of him was known. Al-Muʿtaṣim dispatches ʿUjayf b. ʿAnbasa to fight the Zutt Mention of the war against the Zutt In this year, al-Muʿtaṣim dispatched ʿUjayf b. ʿAnbasa in Jumādā al-Ākhirah to fight the Zutt, who had taken control of the road to al-Baṣrah, wreaked havoc, seized crops from the threshing floors in Kaskar and the adjacent regions of al-Baṣrah, terrorized the roads, and set up cavalry on every post road to relay news. News from ʿUjayf would arrive in a day. He marched until he encamped below Wāsiṭ and stationed himself at a canal called Bardūdā (until he blocked it and other canals from which they used to emerge and enter), and seized the roads leading to them. Then he fought them, capturing five hundred men in a single battle and killing three hundred in the battle. He struck the necks of the captives and sent the heads to al-Muʿtaṣim's gate. Then ʿUjayf remained facing the Zutt for fifteen days, during which he captured many of them. The chief of the Zutt was a man named Muḥammad b. ʿUthmān, and the manager of his affairs was a man named Sumāq. Then ʿUjayf settled and remained facing them for seven months. Mention of the siege of Ṭulayṭulah In this year, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥakam al-Umawī, the ruler of al-Andalus, sent an army under Umayyah b. al-Ḥakam to the city of Ṭulayṭulah and besieged it. Its people had opposed the rule and rebelled. He pressed the siege hard, cut down their trees, and destroyed their crops, but they did not submit to obedience. So he departed from them and stationed at Qalʿat Rabāḥ an army led by Maysarah, known as the young servant of Abū Ayyūb. When the army was far from him, a large group from Ṭulayṭulah went out, hoping to find an opportunity and negligence on the part of Maysarah, to achieve an aim against him and his companions. Maysarah had received the news, so he placed ambushes in suitable places. When the people of Ṭulayṭulah reached Qalʿat Rabāḥ for the raid, the ambush came upon them from all sides, put them to the sword, and killed many. Those who escaped returned to Ṭulayṭulah. The heads of the slain were gathered and brought to Maysarah. When he saw their great number, it distressed him, and he was alarmed by that, and felt intense grief within himself, and died a few days later. A great sedition in Ṭulayṭulah Also in this year, there was a great sedition in Ṭulayṭulah, known as the Massacre of the Wedding, in which many of its people were killed. Mention of several events [The trial of Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal] In this year, al-Muʿtaṣim summoned Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and tested him regarding the Qurʾān, but he did not assent to the doctrine of its createdness. He ordered him to be flogged severely until he lost consciousness and his skin was lacerated, and he was imprisoned in chains. In this year, Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm arrived in Baghdad in Jumādā al-Ūlā with a large number of Khurramī captives, and it was said that he killed about a hundred thousand of them, not counting women and children.
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